published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity of self-reported historical walking, running, and jogging (WRJ) activity. The criterion measure was concurrent performance on a maximal treadmill test. Subjects completed a medical exam and treadmill test between the years 1976 and 1985, and completed a follow-up questionnaire in 1986. Questionnaire included an item that assessed WRJ for each year from 1976 through 1985. Data analysis included Spearman correlations, partial correlations, ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Results indicated self-reported historical WRJ can be assessed with reasonable validity when compared with concurrently measured treadmill performance, and there is no decay in the accuracy of this reporting for up to ten years in the past.

The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the effects of activity-based costing (ABC) and activity-based management (ABM) on managerial and employee behavior.

Title: Habitual physical activity of Portuguese university students in the period of summer holidays Aim of the study: The aim of study is to evaluate habitual physical activity of Portuguese university students and to find out if they are meeting physical activity recommendations and could be seen as a sample of active population. Methods: Sample of the study was made of Portuguese university students, exactly students of physical education and sport sciences faculty. Sample size was 125 respondents, 81males and 44females. The sample refers to young adult age group from 18 years old, both genders. Instrument used was International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), long version. Data were collected electronically by Google Docs and then analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results: Physical activity and sport scientist's students can be seen as a sample of active population. 122 (97.6%) respondents are meeting physical activity recommendations from which 87 (69.6%) are over-meeting these recommendations. PAL of the sample was high in 69,6%, moderate in 28% and low in 6,8% of the cases. No statistical significance was found between total physical activity score and academic year. The habitual physical activity of the sample is not influenced by their study curriculum....

Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade conhecer o trabalho docente dos professores de formação técnica que atuam na educação profissional e tecnológica (EPT) oferecida nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia sob a perspectiva do conceito de atividade oriundo da Psicologia Histórico-cultural, da Teoria da Atividade e da Clínica da Atividade. O objetivo geral é analisar a atividade do professor de formação técnica em Informática que atua na educação profissional e tecnológica. Os objetivos específicos são: conhecer as trajetórias profissionais e formativas dos docentes de formação técnica em Informática que atuam na educação profissional e tecnológica e que serão os interlocutores da pesquisa; compreender quais articulações estes professores fazem entre as experiências que vivenciaram como profissionais de suas áreas de formação inicial e as demandas da docência na educação profissional e tecnológica; identificar quais as prescrições e a presença delas na atividade destes professores; e explorar o significado e o sentido pessoal do trabalho docente para os interlocutores da pesquisa. A Clínica da Atividade foi utilizada como aporte teórico e como método e as informações foram produzidas através de instrução ao sósia, autoconfrontações simples e cruzadas, observação participante e entrevistas intensivas. Participaram da pesquisa dois docentes da área de Informática que atuam em câmpus de dois institutos federais do Rio Grande do Sul. Depois da realização de todas as etapas que constituíram a pesquisa, a tese construída é que os docentes pesquisados realizam uma atividade de ensino voltada para a orientação e preparação profissional que visa que os alunos se apropriem do acúmulo de cultura de área de Informática e possam exercer essa profissão. Os docentes agem através dos gêneros profissionais da docência e do campo de atuação em Informática e há indícios que demonstram que estes docentes produzem um novo gênero profissional ao qual imprimem os seus estilos. Esse novo gênero não é a negação de nenhum dos gêneros profissionais nos quais os docentes se movimentam, mas, sim, a confluência deles na criação de uma nova atividade real que assume as prescrições de ambas, encadeando-as, cruzando-as e equilibrando-as. Nessa atividade, os docentes esbarram em duas grandes questões que compõem o real da atividade: a dificuldade de adaptar o ensino de uma profissão aos tempos escolares e o desconhecimento de outras formas de ensinar pautadas mais na promoção de atividades de estudo aos alunos e menos em tarefas de reprodução do fazer do professor. Conhecer a atividade dos professores a partir da Clínica da Atividade pode colaborar com a construção de formações iniciais e continuadas que respeitem as especificidades da docência na educação profissional e promovam o aumento do poder de agir dos docentes diante de seu próprio trabalho. / This research aimed to know the work of the technical training of teachers who work in professional and technological educational (PTE) offered in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology under the perspective of the concept of activity originating from the Cultural-historical Psychology of Activity Theory and Activity Clinic. The general objective is to analyze the activity of the teacher that has technical training engaged in professional and technological education. The specific objectives are: to know the professionals and formative trajectories of the technical teachers training in Information Technology that work in professional and technological education and who will be the interlocutors of the research; to understand what interligations these teachers make between the experiences that lived as professionals in their areas of initial training and the demands of teaching in professional and technological educational; to identify the prescriptions and their presence in the activity of these teachers; and explore the meaning and personal sense of the teaching work to the interlocutors of the research. The Activity Clinic was used as a theoretical and methodological contribution and the information was produced through instruction to the look-alike, simple and crossed self-confrontations, participant observation and intensive interviews. Participated in the research two teachers of Information Technology area that work on campus of two federal institutes of Rio Grande do Sul. After the completion of all the steps that constitute the research, the built thesis is that the researched teachers perform a focused education activity for orientation and professional training that aims to students to take as of the culture of Computer Science area and to exercise this profession.The teachers act through the professional genres of teaching and of the field of action in Informatics and there are indications that show that these teachers produce a new professional type to which they imprint their styles. This new genre is not the denial of any of the professional genres in which teachers move, but rather the confluence of them in the creation of a new real activity that assumes the prescriptions of both, chaining them, crossing them and balancing them. In this activity, the teachers have two issues constitute the real activity: the difficulty of adapting teaching a profession to school organization and the lack of knowledge of other forms of teaching focused on the promotion the studying activities and less on the reproductions of the teacher’s act. Know the teachers activity from the Activity Clinic can collaborates with building of the initial and continued education that respect the characteristics of teaching in professional and technological educational and increase the teachers’ power to act in their own work space.

Syftet med examensarbetet var att beskriva hur personer med fibromyalgi upplevde att fritidsaktiviteter påverkades av smärta. Som datainsamlingsmetod valdes en intervju. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tio kvinnor. Frågorna utformades från centrala begrepp i The Model of Human Occupation. Inklusionskriterierna var att deltagarna skulle ha diagnosen fibromyalgi och vara i arbetsför ålder. De hade även ett lönearbete, ideellt arbete eller deltog i eftergymnasiala studier på minst deltid. Intervjuerna analyserades utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och resultatet presenterades i form av fem huvudkategorier med tillhörande underkategorier. De fem huvudkategorierna som beskrev smärtans påverkan på fritidsaktiviteter var; Miljöns betydelse, Aktivitetsbe-gränsningar, Anpassningsstrategier, Aktiviteter för smärtlindring och Balans i vardagen. Smärtan hade gjort att informanterna tvingats välja bort några av de fritidsaktiviteter de utförde tidigare. De fortsatte att engagera sig i fritidsaktiviteter som hade ett stort värde för dem om smärtan inte upplevdes för begränsande under eller efter utförandet. Miljön och aktivitetens krav påverkade tillsammans med smärtan aktivitetsutförandet.

Microbe resistence is a serious issue, especially as they have become resistant to most well known drugs. Therefore this is considered as a global problem and is now dealt with at a poitical level. Since no new classes of antimicrobial agents have been discovered in the past three deacdes, the development of new drugs is extremely urgent. Therefore the aim of this project was to synthesise derivatives of benzimidazole, and then assesses their antimicrobial activities in vitro by using disc (well) diffusion and MICs tests. A total of 69 benzimidazole derivatives, with substituents at positions 1, 2, and 5, were synthesised, characterised and tested against selected bacteria and fungi. In addition, six bezimidazole silver complexes were prepared and evaluated for their antimicrobial behavior. The SAR showed that the antimicrobial activity of the compounds depended on the substituents attached to the bicyclic heterocycle. Some promising results were obtained. In particular, 5 compounds displayed antibacterial activity against two MRSA strains with MIC values corresponding to ciprofloxacin, which can be considered significant. The compounds have some common features; four possess 5-chloro or 5-bromo substituents; two are derivatives of (S)-2- ethanaminebenzimidazole and the others are derivative of one 2-(chloromethyl)-1Hbenzo[d]imidazole, (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanethiol and 2-(methoxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. The results from the antifungal screening were very interesting as there were 26 compounds, including two silver complexes, which were potent fungicides against the selected fungal species. They showed equivalent or greater potentency in their MIC values than amphotericin B. In particular, the 5-fluoro, 5-chloro and 5-bromo benzimidazole showed broad spectrum activity.

Regular moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with significant physiological and psychological health benefits (Department of Health, DoH, 2004). However, many children are not undertaking recommended levels of physical activity (PA) (DoH, 2009). This research examined relationships between physiological health parameters, psychological determinants and PA levels in 10-14 year old schoolchildren (N = 249) and assessed the influence of three school-based PA interventions on these constructs in the context of the Health And Physical activity Promotion in Youth (HAPPY) study. Study 1 revealed that sedentary behaviours, moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) and MVPA levels were higher on weekdays than weekend days (p < .001). However, schoolchildren’s PA is often difficult to measure accurately. The self-report measure utilised in study 2 underestimated total MVPA versus accelerometry for both sexes on weekdays and girls on weekend days (p < .01). However, study 3 highlighted a lack of agreement between two RT3® triaxial accelerometer cut-offs for all activity categories. The importance of VPA for promoting health was highlighted in the updated PA guidelines (DoH, 2011). Study 4 reported that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was positively associated with VPA but not MPA (β = .27, p < .01) and inversely correlated with measures of body composition (% body fat; body mass index; waist circumference) (r = -.74, r = -.60, r = -.39, p < .001). Knowing the health benefits of regular MVPA and VPA, it is important to understand the determinants of PA intentions and behaviours to more effectively promote PA in less active children (studies 5 and 6). An exploratory analysis of the constructs in the Revised Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Modified Social Learning Theory for children predicted PA intentions (R2 = .38, F(5, 171) = 20.19, p < .001; R2 = .13, F(6, 147) = 3.4, p < .01, respectively) but the constructs in either model were unable to predict PA. Recognising the need to promote PA levels, study 7 investigated the effectiveness of three school-based interventions (vs. control) on outcome variables included in studies 1, and 4-6. The Health Education and Psychology Health Promotion conditions produced significant positive change scores between data collection 2 and 3 for CRF (vs. control) whereas the Youth-Led condition produced significant change scores between baseline and data collection 2 for generalised self-efficacy (vs. control). No significant change scores were reported for PA, the RTPB constructs or intentions. In conclusion, this research has emphasised the importance of employing a multidisciplinary approach to aid understanding of schoolchildren’s PA levels. Specific highlights include low weekend day PA as a possible future PA promotion target, although it is vital that accelerometry cut-points are standardised, and the relevance of VPA and body composition in predicting CRF. The psychological models identified some important determinants of PA intentions, but a prominent intention-behaviour gap and a need for more intensive interventions to promote PA levels was apparent.

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardoso_crp_dr_arafcf.pdf: 7653632 bytes, checksum: 9661b8f40f394a9e28c5c8784c39c064 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / PROPG / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar quatro espécies relacionadas no Projeto BIOTAFAPESP, as quais têm se destacado quanto às atividades farmacológicas: Byrsonima fagifolia Niedenzu, Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu, Indigofera truxillensis Kunth e Indigofera suffruticosa Miller. Foram realizados ensaios de mutação gênica reversa utilizando-se as linhagens TA98, TA100, TA97a e TA102 de Salmonella typhimurium, com ausência e presença do sistema metabólico de ativação. Foram avaliados extratos, frações e algumas substâncias isoladas, a saber: a) B. crassa: amentoflavona, substância isolada do extrato metanólico; b) B. fagifolia: extrato metanólico e clorofórmico, frações acetato e aquosa, ácido gálico, galato de metila, ácido quínico e o ácido 3,4- digaloilquínico; c) I. truxillensis e I.suffruticosa: extrato metanólico e clorofórmico, frações de alcalóides, flavonóides e de glicerolipídeos, além das substâncias índigo, indirubina e o kaempferol- 3,7-diraminosídeo. Foi também avaliada a isatina, molécula precursora dos alcalóides índigo e indirubina. As atividades anti-bacteriana, anti-Leishmania, citotóxica e fitoestrogênica foram avaliadas para substâncias isoladas. Os ensaios de atividade fitoestrogênica foram realizados através do método de e-screen, utilizando-se células tumorais MCF7. Os ensaios de atividade citotóxica (células MCF-7) foram realizados pela técnica de sulforadamina-B. Os ensaios anti- Leishmania (L. amazonensis) também foram relizados com as técnicas de MTT (sal de tetrazólio) e contagem manual em câmara de Neubauer. A atividade anti-bacteriana foi avaliada através das técnicas de difusão em agar e microdiluição, com as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 25923 e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Estudos anteriores evidenciaram o potencial... / The present work aimed to investigate four related species in the project BIOTA-FAPESP which are notable for their pharmacological activities: Byrsonima fagifolia Niedenzu Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu, Indigofera truxillensis Kunth and Indigofera Indigofera suffruticosa Miller. Tests of reverse gene mutation were performed using TA98, TA100, TA97 and TA102 strains of S. typhimurium in the absence and presence of metabolic activation system. Extracts, fractions and some isolated compounds were evaluated: a) B. fagifolia: methanolic and chloroformic extracts, acetate and aqueous fractions, gallic acid, methyl gallate, quinic acid and 3,4-digaloilquinico derivative. b) I. truxilensis and I.suffruticosa: chloroformic and methanolic extracts, fractions of alkaloids, flavonoids and glicerolipides, and also the indigo, indirubin and kaempferol-3,7-diraminosídeo substances. The isatin, precursor molecule of alkaloids indigo and indirubin was also evaluated. The antimicrobial, antiparasitic, cytotoxic and phytoestrogenic activities were evaluated for natural isolated substances. The phytoestrogenic activity assays were performed using the e-screen method, using MCF7 tumor cells. Trials of cytotoxic activity (MCF-7 cells) were done using sulforadamina-B. The anti-Leishmania tests (L. amazonensis) were also performed with some alkaloids and flavonoids, using MTT techniques (tetrazolium salt) and manual counting in a Neubauer chamber. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion techniques and microdilution with S. aureus ATTC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 bacterias. The mutagenic activity assays showed positive results only for the methanol extract of I. truxilensis (strain TA98) and for the alkaloids indirubin and indigo isolated from this specie and I. suffruticosa, in addition to isatin. This precursor is also noted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)