<p>The aim of this thesis is to elucidate different aspects of Swedish adolescents’ use of alcohol and drugs and how society deals with problems related to their use. The subject has been analyzed in four studies. The first study was based on focus-group interviews with adolescents and aimed at elucidating the meaning of alcohol and intoxication for adolescents. The participants’ discussions contained two levels - one superficial (an ideal presentation of themselves) and one deep (which mediated cultural ideas of how to think and act). This is interpreted as a way to express the maturity process they are going through, at the same time as it symbolizes difficulties to unite external norms and values with their own need for devotion. The second study was based on project applications, evaluations and economy accounts for preventive work from 150 projects conducted by non-profit organizations. The results show that type of organizations and the methods used were based on tradition rather than on efficiency. These results are discussed in relation to growing demands for evidence based practice in the field of prevention. The third and the fourth study are based on the ADAD-interview (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis). In the third study, comparisons of different judgements concerning the extent of drug abuse among adolescents in institutional care, were made and results show large differences between the different judgements, concerning both occurrence and extent of abuse. In the fourth study, the significance of ADAD was discussed in relation to matching drug abusing adolescents to treatment institutions. The results show that only a limited number of institutions specializes on drug abusing adolescents and that a majority of the adolescents institutionalized for drug problems never visit an institution specialized on drug abuse treatment.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to elucidate different aspects of Swedish adolescents’ use of alcohol and drugs and how society deals with problems related to their use. The subject has been analyzed in four studies. The first study was based on focus-group interviews with adolescents and aimed at elucidating the meaning of alcohol and intoxication for adolescents. The participants’ discussions contained two levels - one superficial (an ideal presentation of themselves) and one deep (which mediated cultural ideas of how to think and act). This is interpreted as a way to express the maturity process they are going through, at the same time as it symbolizes difficulties to unite external norms and values with their own need for devotion. The second study was based on project applications, evaluations and economy accounts for preventive work from 150 projects conducted by non-profit organizations. The results show that type of organizations and the methods used were based on tradition rather than on efficiency. These results are discussed in relation to growing demands for evidence based practice in the field of prevention. The third and the fourth study are based on the ADAD-interview (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis). In the third study, comparisons of different judgements concerning the extent of drug abuse among adolescents in institutional care, were made and results show large differences between the different judgements, concerning both occurrence and extent of abuse. In the fourth study, the significance of ADAD was discussed in relation to matching drug abusing adolescents to treatment institutions. The results show that only a limited number of institutions specializes on drug abusing adolescents and that a majority of the adolescents institutionalized for drug problems never visit an institution specialized on drug abuse treatment.

Ce mémoire intervention en études des arts porte sur la remediation des images photographiques, cinématographiques et télévisuelles dans les médias numériques. Il s'appuie sur l'étude de cas des Stills, série de vidéos alliant vidéographie, photographie et performance, réalisés par l'artiste montréalais Adad Hannah. Le document comporte trois volets : un essai théorique, un compte rendu des activités qui ont permis la réalisation d'une exposition et le catalogue accompagnant celle-ci. Intitulée « Adad Hannah : Peinture de genre comme figure de Still », l'exposition s'est tenue du 2 mai au 13 juin 2010 au Musée d'art contemporain des Laurentides, à Saint-Jérôme (Québec, Canada). La méthodologie pour la portion fondamentale de la recherche se fonde sur une démarche heuristique, principalement basée sur l'archéologie des médias telle que décrite par Jay David Boiter et Richard Grusin; c'est à partir du concept de remediation et de ses applications potentielles que s'organise le discours théorique de l'exposition. Celle-ci ne constitue pas une démonstration empirique de la remediation dans les médias numériques; elle nous a néanmoins permis de prendre connaissance des étapes qui jalonnent la mise en place d'un projet de commissariat. Une partie du mémoire est donc consacrée à ces considérations pratiques. En somme, le premier chapitre présente la démarche de l'artiste, le corpus étudié et sa réception critique. Le deuxième chapitre aborde quant à lui les stratégies de représentation de la photographie, du cinéma et de la télévision, en plus de traiter des médias numériques. Il s'appuie principalement sur des essais théoriques traitant de la médiasphère numérique et des impacts de l'informatique dans les sphères de la communication. Le troisième chapitre se penche sur la préparation et la réalisation de l'exposition. Enfin, les résultats observés lors du volet production concluent ce mémoire. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Adad Hannah, Arts médiatiques, Mémoire de production, Remediation, Art numérique.

Varje år placeras över 1000 ungdomar inom Statens Institutions Styrelse (SiS), varav ungefär hälften placeras för behandling. Studiens frågeställningar är: I vilken grad uppfattar behandlingsplacerade ungdomar inom SiS att de får hjälp med sina familjeproblem? Finns det synliga samband mellan ungdomarnas könstillhörighet eller etniska ursprung och deras skattade upplevelse av hjälp med familjeproblem under placeringstiden? För att besvara frågorna har kvantitativ arkivdata analyserats, material som vid in- och utskrivning av ungdomar samlats genom strukturerade ADAD-intervjuer (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis). Studien visar att ungdomarnas upplevelse av hjälp kan delas in i tre kategorier; ”över förväntan” 27%, ”motsvarar förväntan” 41%, ”mindre än förväntat”, 32%. Inskrivningsintervjuerna visar en signifikant skillnad (p&lt;.05) att pojkarna i större grad ger uttryck för att inte behöva hjälp med familjeproblem, att flickorna i större grad önskar hjälp. Resultaten visar även en signifikant skillnad (p&lt;.05), att utlandsfödda ungdomar i högre grad än svenskfödda uppger det vara viktigt att få hjälp med familjeproblem under placeringstiden. Vid utskrivning framträder ingen tydlig skillnad i nöjdhetsgrad avseende kön eller etnisk bakgrund. En diskrepans framträder mellan personals skattning av ungdomarnas hjälpbehov med familjeproblem vid inskrivning och ungdomarnas skattning av upplevd hjälp vid utskrivning. För 42% av ungdomarna skattade personal hjälpbehovet som ”litet” eller ”inget”, vid utskrivning skattade samma ungdomar att de fått ”ganska mycket” eller ”mycket” hjälp. För 10%, av ungdomarna skattade personal att de hade ”betydande” eller ”avsevärda” familjeproblem där hjälpinsatser var ”nödvändiga”. Vid utskrivning skattade ungdomarna graden av hjälp som ”liten” eller ”inte alls”. / Each year over 1000 adolescents are placed within the National Board of Institutional Care (SiS) of which half stay in the facilities for treatment. The essay is built from information gathered through ADAD interviews (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis) performed during registration and discharge of adolescents from SiS. The questions that are meant to be answered are; “How do the treatment placed adolescents in SiS apprehend the help they get with their family related problems?” and “Are there visible connections between gender or ethnic origin and the adolescent’s experience of help with the family related problems during the placement period?” During the registration the boys gave an expression of not being in need of help, the girls gave an expression of being in need of help, significance (p&lt;.05). At discharge no clear differences appears in degree of satisfaction. The results also show a significant difference (p&lt;.05). that foreign-born adolescents greater than Swedish-born stated that it is important to get help with family problems during the investment period. At discharge no clear differences appears in degree of satisfaction.

This thesis describes studies into the psychometric properties of a Swedish language version of the Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD) instrument. The psychometric properties of this instrument have been examined in two previous studies: an American study was conducted by the developers of the interview, Friedman and Utada (1989), and a Swiss study was undertaken by Bolognini et al. (2001). The American and the French (as used in the Swiss study) versions of ADAD exhibit good validity and reliability, in the form of both interrater reliability and the internal consistency of the composite scores. Study I evaluated the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the ADAD interview in normal adolescents and adolescents with antisocial problems. It was found that the instrument has good interrater reliability, that the composite scores exhibit moderate internal consistency, and that the concept validity was acceptable and similar to that of the American and Swiss versions. The results also showed that the problem areas of ADAD produced meaningful correlations. The interviewer ratings, the adolescent’s ratings and the composite scores were compared and discussed. Some problems concerning the composite scores were discovered and will need to be analyzed in future studies. Study II investigated the utility and problems associated with the composite scores in the ADAD within and between normal adolescents and adolescents with antisocial problems. When comparing interviewer severity ratings and composite scores within the two groups, the composite scores were found to behave differently to the interviewer ratings. For normal adolescents, the composite scores are generally higher than the interviewer ratings, but for the adolescents with antisocial problems the reverse is true. The interviewer severity ratings seem to be the most appropriate outcome when the objective is to separate antisocial and normal groups of adolescents from each other. The difference between the two groups is smaller as measured by composite scores. The composite scores appear to function as viable indicators of current problems in all areas except for Medical and Alcohol problem area. The critical items within the Medical and Alcohol composite scores are explored and discussed.  Study III investigated the concurrent and predictive validity of the ADAD Psychological status and problem area. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the ADAD, Youth Self Report (YSR) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. The predictive validity of this problem area of the ADAD was tested by exploring its correlations with the YSR, BDI, and DICA problem ratings; moderate correlations were observed, suggesting that in clinical practice, the ADAD Psychological status and problem area may be a useful tool for the assessment and measurement of current psychological problems. The utility obtained by making decisions using the test is substantial. Overall, the results of these studies indicate that the Swedish version of ADAD appears to be a psychometrically good instrument for assessing the severity of adolescents’ problems and their need for treatment, but there are some problems with the Medical and Alcohol composite scores.

In this study, a new edition is provided of the Middle Assyrian tablet VAT 5385, which was published in the first volume of the series “Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmäler” as no. 105. The tablet has been identified from the start as a letter, although the obverse and reverse were displaced. Additionally, the previous copy in VS 1, 105 misses out one line completely, while a full edition of the text has never been presented. Following our revised edition of the tablet, VS 1, 105 is a letter order, written by a high official to his subordinates, ordering them to bring barley from the otherwise unknown geographical places of Ḫirdiš and Sammalūnu. While the archaeological context and the addressee, as well as the recipients of the letter, are not preserved, an attempt is made to connect the tablet to the individual Adad-šar-nišē, who is mentioned on two occasions in the text.

Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier la « figure du roi » au travers de documents iconographiques du Bronze Moyen provenant de Syrie et plus particulièrement de la zone du Moyen-Euphrate entre 2000 et 1600 avant J.-C. Notre approche méthodologique qui porte prioritairement sur la partie sigillaire a consisté à établir un corpus des plus exhaustifs possibles des sceaux publiés et inédits. Après l’établissement de celui-ci, nous opérons des comparaisons pour dégager les caractéristiques de la représentation royale. Dans un premier temps, le cadre spatio-temporel retenu pour cette étude est défini. Par la suite, nous effectuons une mise au point sur l’histoire de la question de la représentation royale dans la glyptique syrienne du Bronze Moyen. Le développement qui suit constitue la cible de cette thèse. Les objets qui servent de base à cette étude viennent de vingt cinq sites archéologiques différents. Les sites de Moyen-Euphrate syrien, divisés en deux ensembles : partie nord et partie sud couvrant la zone-clefs de cette thèse, ont été soigneusement étudiés. En suite et afin de mieux définir la « figure du roi » dans l’iconographie, des moyens d’identification ont été décrits. La suite comporte une analyse de toutes les représentations de la figure royale, que nous tentons de définir par type. Le paragraphe présentant chaque modèle est suivi d’un tableau montrant l’aire de diffusion au sein de l’aire géographique concernée. Suit un inventaire des multiples aspects de cette iconographie royale, au sein duquel on distingue des : 1. Modèles dominants: le roi à la masse d’arme, le roi vainqueur, le roi-orant et le roi de type « syrien » que nous tentons de définir.2. Modèles dérivés: le roi-porteur d’offrande, représentation royale avec une divinité féminine, le roi-pharaon de type «égyptien », les cas de la duplication de la figure royale.Par ailleurs, une étude des « personnages incertaines » que nous expliquons est également menée. La présence de multiples divinités aux côtés des rois nous a conduits à en effectuer l’inventaire et à en préciser dans la mesure du possible l’iconographie, le cas échéant à préciser la nature des cultes qui leur étaient rendus. Cependant, des questions importantes, comme la compréhension de certaines réalités telles que la question complexe de la« divinisation ou non du personnage royal », ou les « Dieux politiques » ont été posées. De plus, des problèmes tels que le rite de « kispûm » ou la question de « Dieu de roi » ont été abordés. Parmi nos conclusions les plus importants on souligne : l’aspect régional de l’image du roi en Syrie, le rapport particulier entre l’archéologie et la glyptique ainsi que le fond sacré de l’idéologie royale de l’époque amorrite. Au niveau de l’organisation de cette thèse, notre premier volume est accompagné d’un second volume représentant le catalogne des matériels étudiés (env. quatre cent objets). L’ensemble est complété par deux index et de références bibliographiques. / This doctorate (Ph.D.) research studies the representation of Syrian kingship during the Amorite period (ca. 2000-1600 B.C), essentially through glyptic evidence, supplemented by sculpture, wall paintings, and written sources from the same period.The methodology is anchored in defining a precise iconographic corpus. This step allows revising past conclusions and establishing new identifications for the king’s role in artistic as well as written expressions. A major accomplishment is the identification of objects that derive from clear, stratified archaeological and cultural contexts.After defining the spatial and chronological frame, this study offers a brief review of the twenty-five sites from which the material is assembled. They are located in the Middle-Euphrates valley and divide between those in the northern and southern segments. Characteristics for a “royal figure” are identified and then defended. Iconography permits to distinguish diverse models of the “royal for each of the Syrian regions.The models divide into:1. Main models: the warrior-king, the king-priest, the king of “Syrian” type2. Secondary models: royal officials or the “duplication” of the royal figureIn addition, “miscellaneous figures” are also classified.On the epigraphic level, in this study there is liberal use of information from the archive of Mari as well as of Terqa, discriminating between materials derived from epistolary, religious, political, and administrative documents, as the ruler acts as a priest, dispenser of justice, warrior, or family man. A special chapter is devoted the interrelationship among kings, personal, and state gods. There is also consideration of funerary rituals (kispum) as well as the issue of the deified king.The study takes into consideration the following issues: the royal image of Syrian kings as shown in regional perspective, the connection between glyptic arts and their archeology, and the religious basis of royal ideology during the Amorite period.The dissertation includes a second part in which is catalogued over four hundred iconographic objects or images. Bibliographic references and indexes complete the study.

The chronology of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Near East is currently a topic of intense scholarly debate. The conventional/orthodox chronology for this period has been assembled over the past one-two centuries using information from King-lists, royal annals and administrative documents, primarily those from the Great Kingdoms of Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia. This major enterprise has resulted in what can best be described as an extremely complex but little understood jigsaw puzzle composed of a multiplicity of loosely connected data. I argue in my thesis that this conventional chronology is fundamentally wrong, and that Egyptian New Kingdom (Memphite) dates should be lowered by 200 years to match historical actuality. This chronological adjustment is achieved in two stages: first, the removal of precisely 85 years of absolute Assyrian chronology from between the reigns of Shalmaneser II and Ashur-dan II; and second, the downward displacement of Egyptian Memphite dates relative to LBA Assyrian chronology by a further 115 years. Moreover, I rely upon Kuhnian epistemology to structure this alternate chronology so as to make it methodologically superior to the conventional chronology in terms of historical accuracy, precision, consistency and testability.