The Swedish legislation regarding culpulsory liquidation and personal liability has been heavily criticized. In the beginning of July 2023, a proposal was published from an inquiry regarding how to prevent and counter criminal and dishonest use of corporations. One of the proposals that suggested to change the Swedish legislation was the elimination of the rules of compulsory liquidation and personal liability. In this essay a legal analysis of the changes and it ́s effects are made with the current legislation as a starting point. The rules of compulsory liquidation in the Companies Act (aktiebolagslag 2005:551) set a limit on how far a loss-making company can be run before it has consequenses on the board of directors and the company itself. When there is reason to suppose that the company ́s equity (net assets) falls below half of the registered share capital, the rules ordain the directors to follow a certain pattern of conduct. The measures lead either to the company being re-capitalised or liquidated. If the directors misuse the rules or do not follow all the predescribed steps, the directors responsible becomes equally personally liable for the obligations incurred by the company during the whole period of the negligence. It has been questioned whether the rules are still appropriate and critics also claim that the rules nowadays hollow the protection of creditors that the rules in fact aimed to maintain. The critics have elucidated that it is mote relevant to ensure that a company is able to pay its debts as they fall due, than having assets exceeding its debts. Amongst other arguments the rules are also criticized for being too complex and difficult to uphold in an efficient matter. The inquiry ́s suggestion to replace the rules of compulsory liquidation with rules of solvency aimes to protect the creditors while giving the positive effect that of easing companies’ regulatory burden. The rules of solvency shall be better suited for the purpose, more clarified and expedient than the rules of compulsory liquidation. A strenghtening of the creditor’s protection is done by enacting that the directors continuously have a responsibility to ensure that the company ́s financial position is satisfactory in relations to the company ́s creditors. This financial assessment includes a check that the company ́s equity and liquidity correspond to the nature, scope and risks of the business. From the summarised conclusions that have been made in this essay there is only one reasonable proposal. The suggestions that the inquiry has made are in general welcomed. Although, there are some diffuse definitions and terms in the proposed legislation that may have bigger inpacts of Swedish corporates and the comporate law than the inquiry has shown. Even some of the bigger parts of the proposal can be criticized. The reparations suggested are weaker than the penalty5of personal liability. This will increase the criminal use of corporates and decrease the possibility for creditors to succeed in their claims. The final conclusion, that the rules proposed by the inquiry are to be advised against, should not be interpreted as a fully dismissal of the changes. As a whole, the proposal is more efficient and appropriate in its protection of creditors and the company ́s capital. There are details in the proposed legislation that needs to be more elaborated. It is motivated to look into the possibility of combining the proposal with at least personal liability. It would make the system more similar to the brittish system of wrongful trading, which has been recommended by many law professionals.

Utifrån mina tidigare erfarenheter inom barnpsykiatrin tänker jag att syskon till psykiskt sjuka barn och ungdomar varit en exkluderad grupp som inte fått sitt utrymme inom vården. Det är av stor vikt att deras tankar och känslor blir belysta för att hitta sätt att möta upp denna grupp. I hälso- och sjukvårdslagen betonas barns behov av information, råd och stöd. Studiens syfte var att undersöka ungdomars upplevelser av att leva med ett syskon som lider av ätstörning. Tre pojkar och två flickor i ålder 15-20 intervjuades i studien. Som analysmetod användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Morse och Field. Denna studie bekräftar tidigare kunskap om syskons erfarenheter av att leva med ett syskon som lider av en ätstörning. Syskonen beskriver en oro för systern och brist på information om syskonets sjukdom och behandling. De påverkas negativt av konflikter vid måltider och flera syskon beskriver att de känner skam över systerns sjukdom. Den här studien visar också på att det fanns skillnader i hur pojkarna och flickorna upplevde sin systers sjukdom. Flickorna upplevdes mer känslomässigt drabbade. Flickorna beskrev att deras vardag blivit starkt påverkad av systerns sjukdom, medan pojkarna beskrev att deras vardagsliv med kompisar och aktiviteter inte påverkades i större utsträckning.Ett resultat som framkommer som något nytt och positivt i studien är att flera ungdomar framhåller att familjens rutiner vid maten blivit något bra för dem, sedan deras syster påbörjat sin ätstörningsbehandling. Flickorna förmedlar att de kommit sin syster mer nära och att de känner mer samhörighet nu än innan systern fick sin ätstörning. Om föräldrarna förmår att skapa en god struktur och ett öppet och stödjande samtalsklimat vid måltider så kan de negativa effekterna för familjen minskas och behandlingen skapa ett tillfälle för hela familjen att hitta bra rutiner för familjens måltider. / In my experience siblings of mentally ill children and adolescents have been an excluded group within health care. It is of great importance that their thoughts and feelings are expressed in order to find ways to meet up this group. The health care law emphasizes children´s need for information, advice and support. The study´s purpose was to examine adolescents’ experiences of living with a sibling suffering from an eating disorder. Three boys and two girls in the age 15-20 were interviewed in the study. The interviews were analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. This study confirms prior knowledge of adolescents’ experiences of living with a sibling who is suffering from an eating disorder. The adolescents are concerned about their siblings and lack information about their siblings’ illness and treatment progress. They are negatively affected by conflicts at mealtimes and several siblings are feeling shame about their siblings’ illness. There were differences in how brothers and sisters experienced their sisters´ disease. The girls seemed to be more emotionally affected. The girls described that their everyday life had been heavily influenced of their sisters´ illness, while the boys described that their everyday life with friends and activities weren´t affected to a greater extent. One new result that emerges as something positive was that several informants described that the eating disorder had led to better meal situations in the family. Although the adolescents described initial conflicts around meal times, it appeared that ones the parents took control and organized family meals together the adolescents could see that this was beneficiary for the whole family. The sisters described that they felt more togetherness now than before the sister had her eating disorder. If parents are able to create a good structure and an open and supportive climate at meals the negative effects for the family may be reduced and treatment may create an opportunity for the whole the family to find good meal routines.

Varje år placeras över 1000 ungdomar inom Statens Institutions Styrelse (SiS), varav ungefär hälften placeras för behandling. Studiens frågeställningar är: I vilken grad uppfattar behandlingsplacerade ungdomar inom SiS att de får hjälp med sina familjeproblem? Finns det synliga samband mellan ungdomarnas könstillhörighet eller etniska ursprung och deras skattade upplevelse av hjälp med familjeproblem under placeringstiden? För att besvara frågorna har kvantitativ arkivdata analyserats, material som vid in- och utskrivning av ungdomar samlats genom strukturerade ADAD-intervjuer (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis). Studien visar att ungdomarnas upplevelse av hjälp kan delas in i tre kategorier; ”över förväntan” 27%, ”motsvarar förväntan” 41%, ”mindre än förväntat”, 32%. Inskrivningsintervjuerna visar en signifikant skillnad (p<.05) att pojkarna i större grad ger uttryck för att inte behöva hjälp med familjeproblem, att flickorna i större grad önskar hjälp. Resultaten visar även en signifikant skillnad (p<.05), att utlandsfödda ungdomar i högre grad än svenskfödda uppger det vara viktigt att få hjälp med familjeproblem under placeringstiden. Vid utskrivning framträder ingen tydlig skillnad i nöjdhetsgrad avseende kön eller etnisk bakgrund. En diskrepans framträder mellan personals skattning av ungdomarnas hjälpbehov med familjeproblem vid inskrivning och ungdomarnas skattning av upplevd hjälp vid utskrivning. För 42% av ungdomarna skattade personal hjälpbehovet som ”litet” eller ”inget”, vid utskrivning skattade samma ungdomar att de fått ”ganska mycket” eller ”mycket” hjälp. För 10%, av ungdomarna skattade personal att de hade ”betydande” eller ”avsevärda” familjeproblem där hjälpinsatser var ”nödvändiga”. Vid utskrivning skattade ungdomarna graden av hjälp som ”liten” eller ”inte alls”. / Each year over 1000 adolescents are placed within the National Board of Institutional Care (SiS) of which half stay in the facilities for treatment. The essay is built from information gathered through ADAD interviews (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis) performed during registration and discharge of adolescents from SiS. The questions that are meant to be answered are; “How do the treatment placed adolescents in SiS apprehend the help they get with their family related problems?” and “Are there visible connections between gender or ethnic origin and the adolescent’s experience of help with the family related problems during the placement period?” During the registration the boys gave an expression of not being in need of help, the girls gave an expression of being in need of help, significance (p<.05). At discharge no clear differences appears in degree of satisfaction. The results also show a significant difference (p<.05). that foreign-born adolescents greater than Swedish-born stated that it is important to get help with family problems during the investment period. At discharge no clear differences appears in degree of satisfaction.