Orientador: Suzana Erico Tanni Minamoto / Resumo: Introdução: A DPOC é uma doença progressiva e que requer tratamento farmacológico para o controle dos sintomas respiratórios. Entretanto, são escassos dados brasileiros que avaliaram o uso de fármacos conforme a gravidade da doença e que verificaram sua adesão ao tratamento da DPOC. Objetivo: Avaliar a adequação, aderência e técnica do tratamento farmacológico pulmonar em relação à gravidade nos pacientes com DPOC. Métodos: Foram avaliados 181 pacientes com DPOC leve a muito grave (47,5 % sexo masculino) com idade: 67,7 ± 9,8 anos e volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1): 44,6 ± 17,1%. Todos pacientes foram avaliados quanto à adequação farmacológica (GOLD 2017), magnitude da dispneia (Medical ResearchCouncil Modificado – MMRC), Questionário COPD Assessment Test (CAT), frequência de exacerbações no último ano, aderência referida aos fármacos inalatórios e a verificação da técnica dos dispositivos inalatórios. Resultados: Do total de pacientes avaliados, ao separar pela gravidade GOLD, obtivemos GOLD I = 9, GOLD II = 48, GOLD III = 62 e GOLD IV = 62 e ao separar pelos grupos sintomáticos, obtivemos: A = 40, B = 112, C = 5 e D= 24. Em relação à adequação ao tratamento farmacológico pulmonar, 40% do grupo A e 72,5% do grupo B estavam utilizando corticoide inalatório sem história de exacerbações no último ano. Quanto à aderência referida ao tratamento e à técnica do dispositivo inalatório, observamos que a maioria estava aderente (78%) e realizavam a técnica de mane... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background: COPD is a progressive disease and requires pharmacological treatment to control respiratory symptoms. However, there are few Brazilian data that evaluated the use of pharmacological treatment according to the disease severity or verified their adherence to COPD treatment. Objective: To evaluate the adequacy, adherence and technique of pulmonary pharmacological treatment in relation to severity in COPD patients. Methods: We evaluated 181 patients with mild to very severe COPD (47.5% male) with age: 67.7 ± 9.8 years old and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1): 44.6 ± 17.1%. All patients were evaluated by pharmacological adequacy (GOLD 2017), dyspnea’s magnitude (Medical Research Council Modified - MMRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), frequency of exacerbations in the last year, adherence to inhaled pharmacological treatment and technique’s verification devices. Results: We obtained GOLD I = 9, GOLD II = 48, GOLD III = 62 and GOLD IV = 62, and when separated by symptomatic groups, we obtained: A = 40, B = 112, C = 5 and D = 24. Regarding the suitability for pulmonary pharmacological treatment, 40% of group A and 72.5% of group B were using inhaled corticosteroids with no history of exacerbations in the last year. Regarding the adherence to the treatment and technique of the inhaler device, we observed that the majority were adherent (78%) and performed the technique adequately (64%). Conclusion: There is an excess of inhaled corticosteroids in patients ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

There are presently worldwide targets for decreasing anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions owing to global climate change concerns. Here in the United Kingdom, the government has committed to reduce its GHGs emissions by at least 80% by 2050 relative to 1990 levels. In order to achieve the ambitious 2050 targets and minimise cumulative emissions along the way, modern power systems are facing a series of great challenges. These challenges include extensive utilisation of renewable generation, diverse demand--side participation in power system operation and planning, as well as considerable application of emerging smart devices and appliances. All of these challenges will significantly increase the complexity of future power systems in terms of both operation and design. Regardless, the primary objective of power systems remains the same. That is the system must supply all the customers (responsive ones and non-responsive ones) with electricity as economically as possible and with an adequate level of continuity and quality. With the widespread utilisation of smart meters and appliances as well as the large-scale installation of different storage technologies, the services that demand response (DR) and electrical energy storage (EES) resources can provide will cover a wide range of ancillary services. More importantly, the grid-scale penetration of DR and EES resources is able to provide energy management and capacity support services, which can be considered as the alternative to generation resources. In this light, considerable amount of research has been done focusing on engaging particular types of electricity users with different kinds of incentives and/or tariff schemes, so that the economic benefits to both utilities and customers are optimised. However, no general framework for systematic assessment of the contribution to power system adequacy of supply from potential grid-scale penetration of DR and EES resources is available up till now, particularly taking specific consideration of DR's flexibility and payback characteristics as well as EES's operational parameters. The research work in this thesis therefore emphasises exclusively on the potential of grid-scale DR and EES resources to serve as alternative resources to electricity generation within the context of power system adequacy of supply. More specifically, based on literature survey of existing studies in similar topics, this thesis has made some substantial contributions and innovations, such as developing novel models of these emerging demand-side resources, implementing a systematic adequacy of supply assessment with new aspect to measure the level of adequacy of supply (new indices), proposing a novel and comprehensive framework for evaluation of the capacity credit of DR and EES, and analysing the economic value based on power system fundamental long--term costs of interruption and supply. Ultimately, this thesis has established a comprehensive framework for assessment of the contribution of DR and EES to power system adequacy of supply. Additionally, the numerical studies carried out in this thesis have enabled the inference of general adequacy of supply implications in terms of deploying DR and EES resources to provide capacity support to power systems.

Magister Legum - LLM / Very little protection has been afforded to wetlands1 and estuaries within the South African legislative framework.2 These ecosystems are extremely important and valuable to mankind, the flora and fauna.3 The continued destruction of wetlands and estuaries is the most heinous act of environmental vandalism on a worldwide scale today.4 Wetland and estuarine loss has been accelerated and extended by human activities such as mining,5 urbanisation,6 drainage, river diversion,7 groundwater abstraction as well as climate change.8 Time is running out for so many critically important sites and for the world at large.9 Without wetlands and estuaries the biosphere10 cannot continue to do its essential work.11 Despite, the importance of a range of resources and services12 which wetlands and estuaries provide, these have been taken for granted by humans.13 As a result hereof, the maintenance of wetlands and estuaries has received low priority in many countries.14 This is further precipitated by the lack of interest and ignorance which result in the conversion of wetlands and estuaries into man-made structures.15 Research has shown that the lack of information and the awareness of the importance of these ecosystems has the made the conservation legislation for these ecosystems a toothless dragon.16 People are becoming increasingly aware17 of the loss of wetlands and estuaries, once in abundance and now merely shadows of their former nature.18 To investigate this lack of protection, the starting point would be the global level. / South Africa

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between antenatal care (ANC) adequacy and preterm births. The researcher used the quantitative, descriptive, correlational, retrospective, case control design on a sample size of 40 cases and 80 controls. A checklist was used to collect data at one state hospital in Windhoek. When the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Use (APNCU) index was applied, premature birth was found to be less likely for women in the higher categories of care (OR 0.121; 95% CI 0.124–0.613) as compared to those in the lower categories. Similarly when the Content and Timing of care in Pregnancy (CTP) tool was used; women in the higher categories of care, were less likely (OR 0.114; 95% CI 0.012–1.056) to give birth prematurely as compared to those in the lower categories / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T19:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento populacional está ocorrendo em todo o mundo, trazendo grandes desafios políticos, econômicos e sociais para o Setor Saúde. Neste contexto, inadequações nutricionais podem comprometer significativamente a saúde e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a inadequação de nutrientes em idosos e a associação dessa inadequação com fatores demográficos, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e número de atividades de vida diárias comprometidas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, aninhado a uma coorte de idosos do projeto EPIDOSO II. Foram incluídos no estudo 596 idosos que responderam ao recordatório de 24 horas. Foram criadas variáveis indicadoras (sim/não) de inadequação das variáveis nutricionais (energia, carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios, fibras, álcool, vitaminas A, B2, C, D, cálcio, ferro, zinco e sódio). Determinamos um critério de adequação ou inadequação nutricional, onde a soma de sete ou mais inadequações das variáveis nutricionais indicaria inadequação nutricional. Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre inadequação nutricional e as variáveis independentes. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados indivíduos com idade ≥ a 60 anos, sendo 412 mulheres e 184 homens, com idade média de 72,3 anos (dp=7,4 anos), o IMC médio encontrado para essa população foi de 27,3 kg/m2 (dp=4,8), 59,1% dos indivíduos foram classificados como inadequação nutricional. A análise de regressão logística múltipla mostrou associação positiva entre inadequação nutricional e sexo masculino (OR=1,60; IC95% [1,11; 2,31]; p=0,011), idade em anos (o acréscimo de 1 ano de idade aumenta a chance em 1,036; p=0,003), estado conjugal separado (OR=2,12; IC95% [1,14; 3,92]; p=0,017) e ter número de atividades de vida diárias comprometidas (OR=1,55; IC95% [1,07; 2,24]; p=0,020). CONCLUSÃO: Inadequação nutricional relacionou-se com fatores demográficos e comprometimento funcional. Conhecer os fatores que se relacionam com inadequações nutricionais são de fundamental importância para o planejamento de políticas de saúde em nutrição. / INTRODUCTION: Population aging is occurring all over the world, bringing major political, economic and social challenges to the Health Sector. In this context, nutritional inadequacies can significantly compromise the health and quality of life of the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inadequacy of nutrients in the elderly and its association with demographic factors, chronic non communicable diseases and number of compromised daily life activities. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, nested with a cohort of elderly individuals from the EPIDOSO II project. The study included 596 elderly individuals who responded to the 24-hour recall. Nutritional variables (energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibers, alcohol, vitamins A, B2, C, D, calcium, iron, zinc and sodium) were used as indicators of the inadequacy of nutritional variables. We determined a criterion of nutritional adequacy or inadequacy, where the sum of seven or more inadequacies of the nutritional variables points to nutritional inadequacy. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between nutritional inadequacy and independent variables. RESULTS: Individuals aged ≥ 60 years, 412 women and 184 men, with a mean age of 72.3 years (sd=7.4), the mean BMI found was 27.3 kg/m2 (sd=4.8), 59.1% of individuals were classified as having nutritional inadequacy. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between nutritional inadequacy and males (OR=1.60; 95%CI [1.11; 2.31]; p=0.011), age in years (an increase of 1 year of age increases the odds in 1.036; p=0.003), a separate marital status (OR= 2.12; 95%CI [1.14; 3.92]; p=0.017) and to have at least one compromised daily life activity (OR=1.55; 95%CI [1.07; 2.24]; p=0.020). CONCLUSION: Nutritional inadequacy was related to demographic factors and functional impairment. Knowing the factors that relate to nutritional inadequacies are of fundamental importance for the planning of health policies in nutrition. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Esta pesquisa investiga como aspectos locacionais e aspectos físico-espaciais das pracinhas infantis podem influenciar, de forma positiva ou negativa, no estado de conservação destas pracinhas, na percepção de segurança e, consequentemente, na sua frequência e intensidade de uso por crianças e acompanhantes. Dentre os aspectos locacionais estão, o controle de acesso aos conjuntos habitacionais e as pracinhas infantis, os caminhos de acesso às pracinhas infantis a partir das moradias, a localização das pracinhas nos conjuntos habitacionais, as conexões visuais entre as moradias e as pracinhas infantis e o entorno imediato às pracinhas infantis. Em relação aos aspectos físicos das pracinhas são tratados, o dimensionamento físico das pracinhas infantis, a adequação dos equipamentos de brincar e do mobiliário e a adequação da vegetação. Assim, o objetivo é investigar a relação entre os aspectos locacionais das pracinhas infantis e a adequação no uso por criança e acompanhantes, e a relação entre os aspectos físicos das pracinhas infantis e as suas avaliações pelas crianças e acompanhantes. Para tanto, são selecionadas oito pracinhas infantis em seis conjuntos habitacionais localizados em Porto Alegre. Os métodos de coletas de dados fazem parte dos utilizados na área de estudo Ambiente e Comportamento, sistematizados por meio de levantamento de arquivo, levantamento físico, observações de comportamento, questionários e entrevistas. Os dados coletados foram analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, através de testes estatísticos não-paramétricos. Os resultados desta investigação demonstram que, a falta de controle de acesso aos conjuntos afeta negativamente o estado de conservação das pracinhas infantis, bem como a percepção de segurança das crianças e dos acompanhantes. A intensidade de uso tende a ser pior nas pracinhas mal localizadas e com menor controle visual. A conservação dos equipamentos tendem a ser pior nas pracinhas com dimensionamento físico e equipamentos inadequados à intensidade de uso. Por fim, espera-se que os dados obtidos possam contribuir para qualificar projetos de pracinhas infantis em conjuntos habitacionais, a fim de responder melhor às necessidades das crianças e dos acompanhantes. / This research investigates how locational and physical aspects of playground can influence, positively or negatively, in the state of conservation of these small squares, the perception of safety and consequently the intensity of use by children and companions. Among the locational aspects are, the control of access to housing and children's small squares, access roads to playground from the villas, the location of playground in the projects, the visual connections between housing and children's small squares and immediate surroundings to playground. Regarding the physical aspects of playground are treated, the physical design of children's small squares, the adequacy of equipment to play and the furniture and the adequacy of vegetation. The objective is to investigate the relationship between the locational aspects of children's grunts and adapt them to the children and their companions, and the relationship between the physical aspects of playground and their assessments by the children and their companions. Therefore, eight playground are selected in six housing estates located in Porto Alegre. The methods of data collection are part of the area used in environment studies and behavior, systematized through archival survey, physical survey, behavioral observations, questionnaires and interviews. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, using non-parametric statistical tests. The results of this research show that the lack of control of access to sets negatively affect the conservation status of playground and the perception of safety of children and companions. The intensity of use tends to be worse in poorly located playground and less visual control. The conservation tend to be worse in small squares with physical design and equipment unsuited to the intensity of use. Finally, it is expected that the data obtained can help to qualify playground projects in housing, in order to better meet the needs of children and their carers.

Submitted by Amanda Garcia Bachiega Paiva (paivaga@bol.com.br) on 2018-07-22T20:35:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Amanda Garcia Bachiega Repositório.pdf: 3780665 bytes, checksum: ff6a8d19166646a9072883e1905eb107 (MD5) / Rejected by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 1) Divergência do nome da autora: - Na página de rosto da dissertação: AMANDA GARCIA BACHIEGA PAIVA - No Repositório: Bachiega, Amanda Garcia Qual é o correto? Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-07-23T12:34:18Z (GMT) / Submitted by Amanda Garcia Bachiega Paiva (paivaga@bol.com.br) on 2018-07-23T20:19:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Amanda G Bachiega Repositório.pdf: 3847081 bytes, checksum: c770c2c32744eee7913bcab7698f428f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-07-24T12:15:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bachiega_ag_me_bauru.pdf: 3847081 bytes, checksum: c770c2c32744eee7913bcab7698f428f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T12:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bachiega_ag_me_bauru.pdf: 3847081 bytes, checksum: c770c2c32744eee7913bcab7698f428f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / No contexto educacional brasileiro as políticas públicas têm buscado direcionar a escola no sentido de torná-la inclusiva. Embora essas políticas ainda tenham um longo caminho a percorrer para garantir o acesso à educação à totalidade da população, o cenário educacional já vêm apresentando turmas muito mais heterogêneas. Nessa perspectiva, surge a questão de pesquisa: como o professor pode atender à diversidade de sua sala de aula e possibilitar a aprendizagem dos seus alunos considerando suas diferenças? A hipótese é que a mudança na perspectiva metodológica substitua práticas excludentes por uma que permita a participação dos alunos com Deficiência Intelectual (DI) e, traga avanços não apenas em seu rendimento escolar, mas no rendimento de todos os alunos. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral foi analisar o uso de adequações curriculares na aprendizagem de matemática dos alunos com deficiência intelectual, a partir dos resultados da avaliação externa a Avaliação da Aprendizagem em Processo, nas turmas de 6º à 9º ano do ensino fundamental. Enquanto que os objetivos específicos foram: verificar se com o uso de Adequação Curricular haveria avanços na aprendizagem dos alunos com DI; a partir da experiência realizada elaborar um material didático pedagógico para o professor de Educação Básica contendo orientações e direcionamentos sobre o uso da aprendizagem cooperativa. Essa metodologia é um conjunto de técnicas para organizar o trabalho, que tem se mostrado eficaz na diversidade da sala de aula. Assim após a intervenção, foi possível constatar por meio da coleta de dados, que apesar dos avanços obtidos não só no desempenho acadêmico dos alunos com deficiência intelectual, mas também os demais alunos da sala foram beneficiados com a metodologia aplicada, contatou-se a necessidade de Adequação Curricular para o êxito do aluno com DI e as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores dadas as lacunas na sua formação inicial e continuada. Consideramos, portanto, a necessidade de apontar através de um site exemplos de adequações curriculares para que possa ser de fácil acesso aos professores beneficiando a aprendizagem do ensino de matemática aos alunos com DI. / In the Brazilian educational context public policies have sought to direct the school in the sense of making it inclusive. Although these policies still have a long way to go to guarantee access to education for the entire population, the educational scenario has been presenting classes that are much more heterogeneous. From this perspective, the research question arises: how can the teacher attend to the diversity of his classroom and enable the learning of his students considering their differences? The hypothesis is that the change in the methodological perspective should replace practices that are exclusive to one that allows the participation of students with Intellectual Disability (DI) and bring advances not only in their academic performance but in the income of all students. Thus, the general objective was to analyze the use of curricular adaptations in the mathematics learning of students with intellectual disabilities, based on the results of the external evaluation of the Assessment of Process Learning in the 6º to 9º grade elementary school classes. While the specific objectives were: to verify if with the use of Curricular Adequacy there would be advances in the learning of students with ID; from the experience carried out elaborate a pedagogical didactic material for the teacher of Basic Education containing orientations and directions on the use of cooperative learning. This methodology is a set of techniques to organize the work, which has proved effective in the diversity of the classroom. Thus, after the intervention, it was possible to verify through data collection that despite the advances obtained not only in the academic performance of students with intellectual disabilities, but also the other students in the room benefited from the applied methodology, the need was of Curricular Adequacy for the success of the student with ID and the difficulties faced by the teachers given the gaps in their initial and continued formation. We consider, therefore, the need to point out through a website examples of curricular adaptations so that it can be easily accessible to teachers benefiting the teaching of mathematics teaching to students with ID.

Esta pesquisa investiga como aspectos locacionais e aspectos físico-espaciais das pracinhas infantis podem influenciar, de forma positiva ou negativa, no estado de conservação destas pracinhas, na percepção de segurança e, consequentemente, na sua frequência e intensidade de uso por crianças e acompanhantes. Dentre os aspectos locacionais estão, o controle de acesso aos conjuntos habitacionais e as pracinhas infantis, os caminhos de acesso às pracinhas infantis a partir das moradias, a localização das pracinhas nos conjuntos habitacionais, as conexões visuais entre as moradias e as pracinhas infantis e o entorno imediato às pracinhas infantis. Em relação aos aspectos físicos das pracinhas são tratados, o dimensionamento físico das pracinhas infantis, a adequação dos equipamentos de brincar e do mobiliário e a adequação da vegetação. Assim, o objetivo é investigar a relação entre os aspectos locacionais das pracinhas infantis e a adequação no uso por criança e acompanhantes, e a relação entre os aspectos físicos das pracinhas infantis e as suas avaliações pelas crianças e acompanhantes. Para tanto, são selecionadas oito pracinhas infantis em seis conjuntos habitacionais localizados em Porto Alegre. Os métodos de coletas de dados fazem parte dos utilizados na área de estudo Ambiente e Comportamento, sistematizados por meio de levantamento de arquivo, levantamento físico, observações de comportamento, questionários e entrevistas. Os dados coletados foram analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, através de testes estatísticos não-paramétricos. Os resultados desta investigação demonstram que, a falta de controle de acesso aos conjuntos afeta negativamente o estado de conservação das pracinhas infantis, bem como a percepção de segurança das crianças e dos acompanhantes. A intensidade de uso tende a ser pior nas pracinhas mal localizadas e com menor controle visual. A conservação dos equipamentos tendem a ser pior nas pracinhas com dimensionamento físico e equipamentos inadequados à intensidade de uso. Por fim, espera-se que os dados obtidos possam contribuir para qualificar projetos de pracinhas infantis em conjuntos habitacionais, a fim de responder melhor às necessidades das crianças e dos acompanhantes. / This research investigates how locational and physical aspects of playground can influence, positively or negatively, in the state of conservation of these small squares, the perception of safety and consequently the intensity of use by children and companions. Among the locational aspects are, the control of access to housing and children's small squares, access roads to playground from the villas, the location of playground in the projects, the visual connections between housing and children's small squares and immediate surroundings to playground. Regarding the physical aspects of playground are treated, the physical design of children's small squares, the adequacy of equipment to play and the furniture and the adequacy of vegetation. The objective is to investigate the relationship between the locational aspects of children's grunts and adapt them to the children and their companions, and the relationship between the physical aspects of playground and their assessments by the children and their companions. Therefore, eight playground are selected in six housing estates located in Porto Alegre. The methods of data collection are part of the area used in environment studies and behavior, systematized through archival survey, physical survey, behavioral observations, questionnaires and interviews. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, using non-parametric statistical tests. The results of this research show that the lack of control of access to sets negatively affect the conservation status of playground and the perception of safety of children and companions. The intensity of use tends to be worse in poorly located playground and less visual control. The conservation tend to be worse in small squares with physical design and equipment unsuited to the intensity of use. Finally, it is expected that the data obtained can help to qualify playground projects in housing, in order to better meet the needs of children and their carers.

Este trabalho é voltado ao estudo das novas nuances da subordinação no contrato de trabalho, diante das transformações no modo de produção em razão da globalização e do advento de novas tecnologias. Para justificar a pertinência do estudo, demonstra-se a equivalência entre a livre iniciativa e o valor social do trabalho, de modo que a economia e o trabalho devam caminhar juntos, evitando-se desequilíbrios no sistema. Diante disso, faz-se necessário abordar a evolução histórica do subordinação dentro do direito do trabalho, bem como as definições do trabalho subordinado e os critérios empregados pela jurisprudência, diante das lacunas da lei. Consolidado o estudo da subordinação, procede-se à análise dos fatores externos que levaram as modificações no mundo do trabalho, como a recessão econômica da década de 70, os processos de globalização e a consequente automação dos modos de produção. Tais fatores levaram à criação de novas formas de prestação de serviço, que não se adequam ao padrão do trabalho subordinado, mas, ao mesmo tempo, não podem ser consideradas como autônomas, em sua integralidade. Assim, gera-se uma evasão social de trabalhadores marginalizados da proteção adequada, já que não se encaixam ao modelo praticado pelo direito do trabalho, dividido entre trabalho subordinado e autônomo. Nesse cenário, apresentam-se propostas da doutrina e jurisprudência para solucionar o problema e adequar os critérios de subordinação à realidade do trabalho. / This dissertation aims to study the new forms of subordinations in labour contract, due to the transformation in the way of production after globalization and the introduction of new technologies. In order to justify the importance of the study, it demonstrates the equivalence between free enterprise and the social value of work, so that economy and work shall walk together, avoiding disturbance at the system. Furthermore, it is necessary to refer to the historical evolution of subordination into labour law, as well as the definition of subordinate work and the criteria used by jurisprudence, considering the lack of law. Once established the study of subordination, it will proceed to the analysis of external factors that provoked modification in work, as the 70s economical recession, globalization process and automation of the ways of production. These factors conducted to the creation of new forms of services, which are not adjusted to subordinate work pattern, but at the same time, cannot be considered as full self-employed. Indeed, it generates a social evasion of employees, marginalised form correct protection, as they do not fit to the model practised by labour law, which is divided between subordinated work and self-employed. Finally, it presents proposals from doctrine and jurisprudence in order to give a solution to the problem, and adequate the subordination criteria to work reality.

Nous analysons l'incidence du niveau de fonds propres sur la vulnérabilité des banques aux phénomènes de ruée. Nous commençons par déterminer un cadre théorique dans lequel la banque capitalisée permet une allocation désirable des ressources et des risques. Nous agrégeons ensuite les modèles de ruée auto-réalisatrice et de ruée fondamentale en intégrant les fonds propres dans la représentation de l'intermédiaire financier. Le jeu des retraits est étudié dans un cadre contractuel général afin de mettre en évidence les différentes configurations possibles. Les outils issus de la théorie des jeux globaux sont utilisés pour résoudre le problème de coordination lorsque le jeu post-contractuel admet des équilibres multiples. Cela permet enfin de déterminer à rebours le niveau optimal de vulnérabilité bancaire compte tenu de la probabilité de ruée associée au niveau de solvabilité sélectionné. / We analyse the effects of bank equity on their vulnerability to runs. We first define a theoretical framework in which a capitalized financial intermediary is an efficient solution to risk and resource allocation. We then develop a bank-run model and analyse how both self-fulfilling and fundamental-based runs affect a capitalized financial intermediary. We exhibit different types of feasible configurations of the post-deposit game equilibria. We use the results of global game theory to select a particular equilibrium in cases when coordination problems result in multiple equilibria. Finally, the optimal banking fragility is determined by backward induction while taking into account the run probability associated to the selected solvency.