Människor lever allt längre med fortsatt arbete längre upp i åldern. Samtidigt förekommer fördomar mot äldre som medför åldersdiskriminering av äldre arbetssökande på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Syftet med denna studie är att med fokus på attityder finna förståelse för varför åldersdiskriminering av äldre arbetssökande sker på den svenska arbetsmarknaden och hur det kan motverkas. Datainsamling sker genom gruppintervjuer där HR-aktiva resonerar om upplevelser och erfarenheter av äldre arbetssökande i rekryteringsprocesser. Materialet analyseras utifrån Ronald Ingleharts värderingsteori som föreslår hur attityder och värderingar uppstår och förändras mellan generationer. Studiens resultat visar att rekryterare i Sverige, utifrån HR-aktivas resonemang, anses ha omedvetna och medvetna fördomar om äldre arbetssökande. Dessa inverkar negativt på äldres anställningsbarhet och bidrar till åldersdiskriminering av äldre arbetssökande i rekryteringsprocessen. Resultatet presenterar även resonemang om förekomsten av positiva stereotyper om äldre arbetssökande vilket i kontrast till fördomar förbättrar äldres anställningsbarhet. Avslutningsvis redogör studiens resultat för åtgärder som HR-aktiva resonerar kan motverka rekryterares risk att åldersdiskriminera äldre, exempelvis kompetensbaserad rekrytering och samtal mellan kollegor. / As life expectancy increases amongst the population, so does the expectation to remain active in the work force. However, there is both prejudice and discrimination against older workers in the Swedish job market. The purpose of this study is to, with a focus on attitudes, understand why older workers are being discriminated when applying for new positions and in what ways this discrimination can be counteracted. Data collection is performed through group interviews where HR-professionals discuss and share their experiences of older workers in the hiring process. The material is analyzed using the value theory of Ronald Inglehart, who suggests that attitudes and values both occur and change with generational progression. The results of the study show that recruiters in Sweden, in the experience of active HR-professionals, are prone to possess both implicit and explicit prejudices against older workers. These prejudices have a negative effect on the employability of older workers and contribute to further discrimination of this group. The results also suggest the occurrence of positive stereotypes associated with older workers which, in contrast, could increase their employability. Finally, the results of the study describe measures that HR-professionals can take to counteract the risk of discriminating against older workers during the hiring process. For example competence-based recruitment and an increased amount of real life discussions between recruiters.

Correspondence and vignette experiments have already been an important part of measuring discrimination in hiring decisions for several decades, especially in terms of ethnic discrimination. Although the body of evidence is growing, no study has provided a systematic overview of age discrimination in recruitment before. Therefore, the present systematic review investigates the effect of age on discrimination levels experienced in the recruitment process, based on 14 correspondence and vignette studies in 12 distinct articles conducted between 2010 and 2019. We assess age discrimination by looking at call-back rates or indicators of hiring/interview invitation likelihood. Data was analyzedin age groups entailing 30-to 35-year-olds as comparators, and 40-to 49-, 50-to 59-, 60-to 65-and over 65-year-olds as experimental groups. Calculating log odds ratios for the respective comparisons, it was concluded that age discrimination in recruitment is indeed an observable issue, with greatest disparities apparent for participants over the age of 60. Certain limitations of this review will have to be overcome in future; such as restrictions in sample sizes and reported issues on the risk of bias.

Abstract Despite an aging U. S. workforce, age discrimination at work remains an issue. Researchers have found that beliefs about the aging process affect workers' performance and attitudes. There is little research available examining this phenomenon from the perception of older workers. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences of 7 workers aged 55 and older regarding ageism through the theoretical framework of stereotype threat theory. Research questions focused on identifying age-related stereotypes held by the participants, the influence of those stereotypes on perceptions of aging, perception of the impact of aging on job performance, and experienced ageism and discrimination in the workplace. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using a modified Stevick Colazzi method to group significant statements into themes and form a composite description that included textural and structural description. Themes that emerged from the study included culturally absorbed stereotypes of helplessness, acceptance of the participants' aging process, positive perceptions of themselves as older workers, a perceived pressure to retire from coworkers, self-identified physical limitations, and life-stage acceptance. Overall, older workers reported a relatively positive self-image and positive perceptions of work performance by supervisors and coworkers. The findings of this study may contribute to social change by informing employers and employee assistance counselors how to address the realistic needs and concerns of older workers. Further studies in aging may promote understanding of aging not as equaling decline but as a time of opportunity to continue to make contributions to the community regardless of chronological age.

No description available.

The hypothesis for this essay is that the protection of age discrimination in the labour market is inferior to that of other grounds of discrimination due to the fact that EU regulations as well as national provisions allows exemptions for age from the non-discrimination principle. A legal method originating from traditional legal sources is used in order to determine the purpose and use of the regulation and illustrate how it could affect younger workers. In addition to legislation, collective agreements are examined and two areas of investigation; the Swedish 67-year rule and vacation benefits, are reviewed in an exemplifying purpose. The juridical inquiry and analysis illustrate, from a national and an EU perspective, the differences of treatment that can be justified on grounds of age as well as the possibility of positive actions and visualises possible consequences. The analysis concludes that the exemptions does not necessarily undermine the protection of age discrimination, but emphasise that there is risk of applying the exemptions even though purpose and measures can be questioned. The latter in relation to the lack of positive actions confirm the initial hypothesis and can affect young workers in a negative way. / Uppsatsen bygger på en hypotes om att ålder intar en svagare ställning på arbetsmarknaden i jämförelse med övriga diskrimineringsgrunder eftersom att det i större utsträckning finns lagregleringar som berättigar särbehandling på grund av ålder. I syfte att utröna regleringens bakomliggande syften och användning samt belysa hur den kan påverka yngre arbetstagare har en rättsvetenskaplig metod med grund i arbetsrättsliga rättskällor tillämpats. Utredning och analys belyser de utrymmen för berättigad särbehandling samt de möjligheter till aktiva åtgärder som klargörs i såväl nationell som EU-lagstiftning och exemplifierar möjliga konsekvenser. Granskningen är till viss del baserad på jämförelser mellan olika kollektivavtal och två undersökningsområden, 67-årsregeln och semesterförmåner, används i ett illustrerande syfte. Analysen visar på att undantagen inte nödvändigtvis underminerar åldersdiskrimineringsskyddet, men att det finns risk för att de används trots att syfte och åtgärder kan ifrågasättas. I kombination med avsaknaden av krav på aktiva åtgärder innebär det att den inledande hypotesen kan anses som bekräftad vilket riskerar att påverka yngre arbetstagare på ett negativt sätt.

There is no abstract available for this dissertation. / Department of Educational Leadership

This piece aims to prove that a compulsory retirement age can no longer be justified in South Africa as a constitutional state. In times where people are gradually reaching older ages due to advances in a variety of fields, it seemed that the concept of a compulsory retirement age requires an in depth consideration. This is especially measured against the backdrop of equality and discrimination legislation within The Republic of South Africa. The development of social security law provides the larger framework in which to understand the concept and intentions around retirement. Discrimination and equality legislation demonstrates that age as a listed ground for discrimination does not necessarily simplify the jurisprudence pertaining to it, especially where alternatives have been developed for continued employment. The main point of reference in the South African justice system concerning discrimination disputes is the Harksen v Lane test, whereas the principle encapsulated in Waco v Schweitzer, relates particularly to discrimination based on age. These judgements and subsequent application will be illustrated and considered during the course of this research. The influence of fund rules and fixed-term contracts on the situation will aim to show the reality of the situation. In an effort to show that the problem of an ageing workforce and retirement is not localised to South Africa, an international overview of other constitutional countries is included for context. The comparison goes further to include non-constitutional countries to illustrate the global issue. This comparison was also included in an effort to find alternative strategies that may be utilised in South Africa for retirement and age discrimination legislations and social policies.

The thesis deals with the issue of Age Management and the application forms of organizations in the Czech working environment. This thesis was initially dedicated to defining the concept of Age Management and also to present its historical development. It also includes its consistency with the demographic situation. Wider attention is paid to the application of Age Management in practice and the use of specific tools and measures that are used by organizations. This paper also highlights the main benefits and importance of Age Management. There are few selected researches concerning this subject, carried out in various organizations in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. The important part of the thesis is the empirical survey, whose main target is to determine whether the selected organizations, based in Prague and operating in the private sector, have some awareness about Age Management, as well as comparing its application into practice and corporate strategy. Key words: Age Management, Age Diversity, Population Ageing, Intergenerational Cooperation, Age Discrimination.

This thesis deals with the employment of older persons in the labor market in the Czech Republic. The aging of the population is currently becoming a major demographic feature in most developed countries, including the Czech Republic, which is causing social and economic problems. Employment of older persons is becoming more important. The aim of the study is to evaluate the development of the employment of older people in the Czech Republic in the years 2000 - 2012 and to propose measures that would contribute to its increase. In the theoretical part of the thesis are discussed factors that affect the employment of older persons. These include demographic changes, age discrimination, setting of the retirement system or measures of the European Union. Practical part of thesis is primarily engaged in employment of older persons in the Czech Republic and there are presented advantages and disadvantages of older workers and the proposals of individual actions that could contribute to increase the employment rate of older people.

The thesis is focused on the actual problém of the Czech Republic, which is the issue of unemployment and higher participation of persons over 50 years of age on the labour market, growing mainly due to demographic developments and prolonging retirement age due to the pension reform. Persons older than 50 years are a specific group in terms of the labour market, which has special characteristics and needs the individual approach The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the labour market of older workers for the period 2000 - 2012 in terms of 4 factors, which are - gender, level of education, specialization and territorial allocations and then compare the disparities of this labour market with the employment policy in the Czech Republic. This comparison will provide the answer to the research question - whether employment policy meets the needs of the labour market of persons over 50 years of age.