<p>VT2020</p>

The current demographic development in Sweden points to a dramatic rise in the elderly population. At the same time, the population entering working age is projected to have a much smaller increase, combined with the fact that not every individual reaching working age will be part of the actual workforce. This is particularly problematic in certain rural communities where the overall population is experiencing a steady decline along with tax revenue, while the elderly population is rising. To compensate for the shrinking workforce in elderly care, authorities have identified digitalization, automation and AI as possible solutions. This qualitative study examines the perceived and actual need for AI in a rural community in northern Sweden, the community’s capability to implement AI in elderly care, and the capabilities of current healthcare AI solutions, in order to determine whether AI is a viable option to maintain an efficient elderly care. The empirical data collected via interviews was assigned to a theoretical framework based on Rational Choice Theory, in order to clarify the individual perceptions of the work environment and suitability of implementing AI to that environment. These findings were further related and applied to theoretical data collected through a literature review of research into past and present AI use cases, and the associated benefits and drawbacks of AI in elderly and general healthcare. First and foremost, our study shows that AI offers exciting opportunities but is yet in its infancy and therefore requires much attention and trials to operate at an acceptable level, with several concerns regarding sloppy or rushed implementations. Secondly, there is an apparent need and desire to automate certain processes in order to reduce stress in the workplace and allow the personnel to dedicate their time to the people under their care. Finally, we recommend that the examined community focus their initial efforts on “low-tech” AI solutions due to the inherent complexity of the technology and the high costs that follows a sloppy or failed implementation.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur kundupplevelsen påverkas när kundtjänsten baseras på AI-teknologi i form av en chatbot. Samtidigt är syftet med denna studie att hitta eventuella samband mellan konsumentens attityd gentemot företaget och konsumentens upplevda kvalitet av servicemötet. Metod: Forskningen använde en deduktiv forskningsansats och en kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Primärdata kommer från en enkätundersökning utformad i Google Formulär som är baserad på att undersöka konsumenters attityder gällande AI-baserad kundtjänst. Slutsats: Resultatet av studien visar på ett samband mellan konsumenternas upplevelse av ett AI-baserat servicemöte som därefter påverkar konsumenternas attityd gentemot ett företag.

Problem Statement and Purpose: In recent years, skepticism towards AI has increased among Swedes. This study aims to investigate whether there is a correlation between this skepticism and how AI is portrayed by the media. The purpose is to present a depiction of how AI and its development are portrayed in the media, as well as to examine whether reinforcing images are used more or less depending on the nature of the news. Additionally, the study aims to explore differences between public and commercial media's reporting on AI.   Method and Material: The chosen method for this study is a quantitative content analysis. A total of 251 publications were analyzed, all from Aftonbladet, Dagens Nyheter, SVT, and Sveriges Radio. The publications are from the first quarter of 2023 and 2024 and were sourced from the media archive Research Retriever. After collection, the material was analyzed using the statistical analysis tool SPSS.   Main Results: There is a correlation with the widespread skepticism as media reporting on AI is predominantly negative. However, the results indicate that media reporting was somewhat more positive in 2024 compared to 2023. One reason for the increasing skepticism, despite this, may be that according to Agenda Setting Theory, the media has highlighted AI as particularly important to the public. As the negative angle remains dominant, the impression is that it is something to be concerned about. The results show that the difference between public service and commercial media in how they portray AI development is minimal. Profit-driven media tends to publish more frequently. Regarding the use of reinforcement images, it can be concluded that most publications are accompanied by some associated image. Public service uses more positive reinforcement images than commercial actors, according to the study's results. Commercial actors more frequently use reinforcement images in negatively angled articles compared to public service.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur AI gestaltas i tidningarna Resumé och Dagens Media som är inriktade på media- och kommunikation. Detta uppnås genom att studera tidningarnas artiklar om AI. Studien undersöker vilka gestaltningar som förekommer i artiklarna och om tidningarna uppfyller UNESCO:s riktlinjer om hur journalister bör rapportera om AI. De gestaltningar som undersöks är sociala framsteg, Pandora´s box, ekonomisk utveckling/konkurrenskraft, utfallsframe och tidsperspektiv. Det undersöks även hur ofta AI ersätter syssla förekommer. De riktlinjer från UNESCO som undersöktes var AI:s begränsningar, det mänskliga arbetet, land, andra röster, suggestiva bilder och miljöaspekter. Det teoretiska ramverk som studien bygger på är gestaltningsteorin och teknologisk determinism. Studiens resultat visar att Resumé och Dagens Media Resumé tenderar att skildra AI som eftersträvansvärt genom att beskriva konsekvenserna av att använda AI som något läsaren vinner på. AI gestaltas även som en teknik som, helt eller delvis, kommer ersätta sysslor och arbetsuppgifter i mediabranschen. De variabler som kommer från UNESCO:s riktlinjer förekommer generellt sätt mindre. Resultatet visar att tidningarna skildrar AI som en teknik som utvecklas av sig själv, inte går att kontrollera, har få begränsningar, inte får mycket kritik, inte påverkar miljön och kan likställas med en människa. Således anammar de teorin teknologisk determinism, och i synnerhet de typer som kallas justificatory och normative. / The purpose of this study is to examine how AI is framed in Swedish news media oriented toward media and communication. This is achieved by studying the magazines Resumé and Dagens Media´s articles about AI. This study examines which frames can be found in the articles and if the magazines manage to fulfill recommended guidelines created by UNESCO on how journalists should report on AI. The frames that are examined are social progress, Pandora´s box, economic development/competitiveness, outcome frame and temporal frame. It is also examined how often AI replaces a task.  The UNESCO guidelines that are examined are the limitations of AI, the human labor behind AI, country, other voices, suggestive images and environmental aspects. The theoretical frameworks the study is built upon are framing theory and technological determinism. The study´s results show that Resumé and Dagens Media tend to portray AI as something desirable by describing the consequences of using AI as something the reader will benefit from. AI is also portrayed as a technology that will, completely or partially, replace tasks within the media industry. The variables that derive from the UNESCO guidelines generally occur less. The result shows that the magazines portray AI as a technology that can evolve by itself, cannot be controlled, have few limitations, does not get much critique, does not affect the environment, and can be equated with a human being. Therefore, the theory technological determinism is applied by the magazines, especially the types that are called justificatory and normative.

Under de senaste åren har lärosäten genomgått betydande förändringar, med en ökande trend mot distansutbildning, särskilt på grund av Covid-19-pandemins påverkan. I den digitala omställning som blivit, har artificiell intelligens (AI) och särskilt chattbotar börjat spela en allt större roll inom utbildning. Genom att det erbjuder omedelbar tillgång till studiematerial och stöttning. Chattbotar har blivit alltmer populära bland studenter, för deras förmåga att tillhandahålla omedelbar hjälp eller stöd. Särskilt i en tid där distansundervisning har blivit normen. Denna studie belyser den alltmer växande integreringen av chattbotar inom utbildning. Genom inspiration av modeller som Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) och Task Technology Fit (TTF), strävar undersökningen efter att förstå faktorer som påverkar studenternas acceptans och användning av chattbotar. Syftet är att bidra till en djupare förståelse för distansstudenters inställning och syn på chattbotars användning och roll inom högre utbildning. Studien präglas av en semistrukturerad enkätundersökning som skickats ut till en grupp distansstudenter inom högre utbildning i Sverige, det vill säga individer som studerar vid högskola eller universitet. Resultatet visar att respondenterna ser chattbotar som ett värdefullt komplement till traditionella undervisningsmetoder, som effektiviserar studier genom snabb information och stöd, men också på i flera fall, utmaningar. Genom att identifiera både potentialen och utmaningarna med chattbotar öppnar denna studie upp för en bredare dialog om teknologins roll i att främja lärande och pedagogisk utveckling i det digitaliserade samhället. / In recent years, educational institutions have undergone significant changes, with a growing trend towards distance studies, particularly due to the impact of the Covid- 19 pandemic. In the digital transition that has ensued, artificial intelligence (AI), especially chatbots, has begun to play an increasingly prominent role in education by offering immediate access to study materials and support. Chatbots have become increasingly popular among students for their ability to provide immediate assistance or support, especially in a time when distance learning has become the norm. This study highlights the increasingly growing integration of chatbots in education. Drawing inspiration from models such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Task Technology Fit (TTF), the study aims to understand the factors influencing students' acceptance and usage of chatbots. The aim is to contribute to a deeper understanding of distance students' attitudes and perceptions regarding the use and role of chatbots in higher education. The study is characterized by a semi-structured survey sent to a group of distance students in higher education in Sweden, that is, individuals studying at colleges or universities. The result shows that the respondents view chatbots as a valuable complement to traditional teaching methods, enhancing studies through quick information and support, but also presenting several challenges. By identifying both the potential and challenges of chatbots, this study opens up a broader dialogue about the role of technology in promoting learning and pedagogical development in the digitized society.

With increasing world tensions and improvements of satellites and their sensors, the interest and possibility of using space and satellites for defensive purposes has increased greatly. However, not much research has been conducted into the needs and possibilities of satellite constellations over Sweden, especially using SAR and optical sensors combined with AI object detection. This thesis provides insight in to the needs and requirements to achieve certain coverage and gap times and explores different constellation design methods to do so. This is done by combining large scale tests performed with genetic algorithm and a dual-axis propagator with theoretical and analytical methods. Results show that for micro-satellites under 100 kg based on current commercial technology, it is found that between 24 to 63 satellites are needed for 1 hour gap times depending on what combination of SAR and optical satellites are used. The genetic algorithm was found to not generate optimal constellations as the number of satellites increased beyond 12. It was however useful in mapping out possibilities and finding certain optimal parameters such as the inclination. The dual-axis propagator tested for its low processing load was found to be good for coverage analysis and estimating the shapes of the orbits. It was noted to have large positional errors however, limiting its use to analysis and not full constellation design. / Med ökande världsspänningar och förbättringar av satelliter och deras sensorer har intresset och möjligheterna att använda rymden och satelliter för försvarssyften ökat avsevärt. Dock har inte mycket forskning gjorts om behoven och möjligheterna med satellitkonstellationer över Sverige, särskilt när det gäller användningen av SAR och optiska sensorer i kombination med AI-objektdetektering. Denna avhandling ger insikt i behoven och kraven för att uppnå viss täckning och tidsgap samt utforskar olika metoder för konstellationsdesign för att uppnå detta. Detta görs genom att kombinera storskaliga tester med genetiska algoritmer och en dual-axis propagator med teoretiska och analytiska metoder. Resultaten visar att för mikrosatelliter under 100 kg, baserat på nuvarande kommersiell teknik, krävs mellan 24 och 63 satelliter för att uppnå gapptider på 1 timme, beroende på vilken kombination av SAR- och optiska satelliter som används. Det konstaterades att genetiska algoritmen inte tillförlitligt kunde hitta optimala konstellationer när antalet satelliter ökade bortom 12 st. Dualaxelpropagatorn, som testades för sin låga processbelastning, ansågs vara bra för täckningsanalys och uppskattning av omloppsbanornas former. Den hade dock stora positionsfel, vilket begränsade dess användning till analys och inte fullständig konstellationsdesign.