A sample of corporate instructional designers and professors of instructional design completed the "Corporate Instructional Design Scale." The data yielded information on the extent of agreement that descriptive statements identified conventionally and systematically designed instruction. Descriptive and asymmetric log linear (statistical) analyses were conducted. In the asymmetric log linear analyses, the extent of agreement was used as the dependent variable. The three independent variables with three levels each were Program type (conventionally designed instruction, both conventionally and systematically designed instruction, and systematically designed instruction), Instructional component (instructional intents, instructional strategies, and instructional assessments), and Trainer type (professional trainers in manufacturing, professional trainers in non-manufacturing, and professors of instructional design). The asymmetric log linear analysis using 16 models was a 3x3x3x3 factorial design. The extent of agreement on the indicators of conventional instruction was lower than the extent of agreement on the indicators of systematic instruction. The extent of agreement for instructional assessment indicators was lower than the extent of agreement for instructional intents and strategies. There were only minor differences between the extent of agreement on indicators classified as intents and indicators classified as strategies. the extent of agreement on the indicators which differentiated conventionally and systematically designed instruction was higher for the professors of instructional design than for the trainers in manufacturing and non-manufacturing companies. Study results should be carefully considered by professors of instructional design when designing their instructional design courses. The high extent of agreement by professors of instructional design on items that distinguished conventional instruction and systematic instruction suggest that academia is fairly clear about the indicators of instructional design, specially instructional intents and instructional strategies, while the practitioners of instructional design have a substantially lower extent of agreement. These results suggest at least two conclusions. First, the academic world of instructional design is not in tune with the corporate world. Academia has been promoting idealized procedures for instructional design, while practitioners have adjusted their instructional designed to corporate realities of time and cost. Second, corporate instructional designers have found academic world suggestions unrealistic. Corporate instructional designers have made modifications to their instructional designs. Their instructional designs may actually only approximate whatever type of instruction the professional trainers or corporation where they are employed may advocate.

In this study, senior certificate (standard 10) pupils' attainment of the cognitive and affective aims and objectives of the senior certificate mathematics curriculum was investigated. With regard to the attainment of the cognitive objectives and aims, senior certificate pupils' performance in their mathematics examination, in terms of three broad categories of cognitive abilities (lower level, middle level and higher level mathematical abilities) was analysed and examined. As no norms (criteria) for mathematical attainment in respect of these three categories of cognitive abilities could be identified, these norms had to be firstly developed by the researcher. However, suitable standardised scales were identified and administered to determine senior certificate pupils' attainment of the affective aims and objectives (attitude towards and interest in mathematics). Besides the quantitative analysis, qualitative assessments of senior certificate pupils' attainment of the cognitive and affective aims and objectives were also made using information obtained, by way of a questionnaire, from teachers of senior certificate mathematics classes. The main findings that emerged from this investigation were: * The senior certificate pupils are attaining the desired proficiency levels in the cognitive objectives and aims of the senior certificate mathematics curriculum. However, these pupils are not adequately attaining the affective aims and objectives of the mathematics curriculum. * Qualitative information elicited from senior certificate teachers of mathematics tends to support the above findings which were obtained from the quantitative analysis. * There is a need for curriculum development in certain areas of the senior certificate mathematics curriculum, particularly in Euclidean geometry, for standard grade pupils. In terms of the general findings, certain recommendations were also formulated. In several ways, the present research is a pioneering effort in evaluating the efficacy of the cognitive and affective aims and objectives of the senior certificate mathematics curriculum. It is hoped that this study will serve as a catalyst for future research. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation explores the notion of (higher) education transformation in relation to logically necessary conditions which guide the concept. These logically necessary conditions (constitutive meanings) include: equity and redress, critical inquiry, communicative praxis, and citizenship. I explore how instances of these logically necessary conditions manifest in institutional plans at the universities of Cape Town, Stellenbosch, and the Western Cape. My contention is that these institutional plans seem to be tilted towards the exclusive implementation of performance indicator measures which might undermine deep educational transformation. In turn, deep educational transformation requires that logically necessary conditions be framed according to an African philosophy of educational transformation. KEYWORDS: Higher education, education policy, transformation, conceptual analysis, logically necessary conditions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie proefskrif word die konsep (hoër) onderwystransformasie ondersoek soos dit logies in verhouding staan tot die voorwaardes wat die konsep rig. Hierdie logiesnoodsaaklike voorwaardes (konstitusionele betekenisse) sluit in: gelykheid en regstelling; kritiese ondersoek; kommunikatiewe praksis en burgerskap. Ek stelondersoek in oorlhoe voorbeelde van hierdie logiese-noodsaaklike voorwaardes in die institusionele planne van die universiteite Kaapstad, Stellenbosch en Wes-Kaapland manifesteer. Volgens my lyk dit asof hierdie institusionele planne neig na die eksklusiewe implementering van maatreëls wat optrede aandui wat in-diepte opvoedkundige transformasie mag ondermyn. Aan die ander kant vereis in-diepte opvoedkundige transformasie dat logies-noodsaaklike voorwaardes binne 'n Afrika filosofie van opvoedkundige transformasie vertolk moet word. SLEUTELBEGRIPPE: Hoër onderwys, opvoedkundige beleid, transformasie, konseptuele analise, logies-noodsaaklike voorwaardes.

Research findings suggest clear differentiation of institutional identities through time. Before 1978 when China embarked upon a process of ambitions reform efforts, the typical image of a university was 'a university of the masses', which actually relegated them to a 'tool' for the powers that be. After the Cultural Revolution, universities adopted the role of a 'frontier' and a 'national builder'. However, with the presence of the state and its tight ideological control, universities around that time were labeled as 'socialist universities' under the leadership of the party. Since 1992, universities have become increasingly involved in the market as the 'market economic system' has been developed and China has become more active in the global economy. The logic of the market and its mechanisms are no longer novel to universities. A trend forward corporatization can even be identified in the higher sector. / Since the late 1970s, higher education has undergone significant reform across the world, from the Western countries to the Chinese Mainland. In the Chinese Mainland, a central theme in higher education reform has been the debate on the construction of organizational forms for higher institutions. / The concept of 'identity' is adopted as the focus of research. Organization theorists believe that an organization, like a person, has an identity in modern society. Organizational identity, moreover, is closely related to the state and the market. It is argued that an organizational identity is usually constructed as a result of the interaction between the institution, the state, and the market. In this context, the change and re-constitution of the identity of Chinese universities are explored. This study adopts the nattative approach and Peking University is selected as the case for study. / The major underpinning of the study is that China is still---by centralized administration. Between 1949 and 1978, the characteristics of universities were mainly constructed between the state and universities in the presence of a planned economic system and the absence of a market. Since the implementation of which the market was introduced to the higher education as a spere for exploration, the state has remained the most important and the most powerful 'stakeholder'. Thus, many characteristics of the corporatization of Chinese higher education differ from those in the West. Some superficial, or even distorted forms of corporation can be identified in China. However, little significant change has taken place in terms of the organizational structure and administration governance of higher institutions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / The purpose of this study is to explore what has happed to universities under reform and to depict the universities present today. It is hoped that the study can contribute to our understanding of the kind of change that have affected universities, and to help us reflect on past decisions, policies, and incidents. Dicusions change will further illuminate the complex relationships between the state, university and the market. / 羅雲. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 133-149). / Advisers: Nai Kwai Leslie Lo; Wing Kwong Tsang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: A, page: 0907. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 133-149). / Luo Yun.

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In this study, senior certificate (standard 10) pupils' attainment of the cognitive and affective aims and objectives of the senior certificate mathematics curriculum was investigated. With regard to the attainment of the cognitive objectives and aims, senior certificate pupils' performance in their mathematics examination, in terms of three broad categories of cognitive abilities (lower level, middle level and higher level mathematical abilities) was analysed and examined. As no norms (criteria) for mathematical attainment in respect of these three categories of cognitive abilities could be identified, these norms had to be firstly developed by the researcher. However, suitable standardised scales were identified and administered to determine senior certificate pupils' attainment of the affective aims and objectives (attitude towards and interest in mathematics). Besides the quantitative analysis, qualitative assessments of senior certificate pupils' attainment of the cognitive and affective aims and objectives were also made using information obtained, by way of a questionnaire, from teachers of senior certificate mathematics classes. The main findings that emerged from this investigation were: * The senior certificate pupils are attaining the desired proficiency levels in the cognitive objectives and aims of the senior certificate mathematics curriculum. However, these pupils are not adequately attaining the affective aims and objectives of the mathematics curriculum. * Qualitative information elicited from senior certificate teachers of mathematics tends to support the above findings which were obtained from the quantitative analysis. * There is a need for curriculum development in certain areas of the senior certificate mathematics curriculum, particularly in Euclidean geometry, for standard grade pupils. In terms of the general findings, certain recommendations were also formulated. In several ways, the present research is a pioneering effort in evaluating the efficacy of the cognitive and affective aims and objectives of the senior certificate mathematics curriculum. It is hoped that this study will serve as a catalyst for future research. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

The purpose of this study is to examine educators' (teachers and school administrators) level of knowledge about the professional role of school social workers and the value that educators place on the functions carried out by social workers as pupil support personnel.

The purpose of this research was to explore the subject of integrating philosophy of education and the goals of education in education practice at the high schools in Kenya. It is stated that the impact of education practice is hinged in the statement of philosophy of education and the goals of education which has been neglected by researchers and scholars in Kenya. An intensive literature review which was undertaken revealed that philosophy of education and the goals of education are flouted in education practice. The sources of literature review were books, journals, policy documents, dissertations, theses, newspapers, and websites. In this qualitative research, phenomenology was selected as suitable theoretical framework to situate education practice as a human activity which is shaped by philosophy of education and the goals of education. A qualitative design was used, and purposive sampling was identified to select the schools and the respondents. The respondents in this research included the school principals, teachers, education officers, board of governors, and the parents-teachers’ representatives. The main qualitative research methods involved literature review and interviews. In this study, ideograms were utilized in the process of analysing the responses acquired from the respondents. According to the respondents, the statement of philosophy of education is foreign in the high schools, but the goals of education are printed in the syllabi, and this explains why the study focused on the goals as the familiar items. The views obtained from the respondents emphasized on what is envisioned to occur at the high schools, and this explains that the students are estranged from philosophy of education. It was concluded that high school pedagogy is exposed to conflicts in relation to integrating philosophy of education and the goals of education. In this case, the study recommended the following insights to improve the process of integrating philosophy of education, the goals of education, and education practice in Kenya: The necessity of revising the content and material resources of high school syllabi to comprise the attributes of philosophy of education in pedagogical activities.  Another suggestion emphasized on restructuring evaluation strategies to integrate the attributes of social cohesion, human progress and economic development.  The final recommendation is that the teaching and learning activities are necessary to intensify knowledge transfer which articulates the attributes of philosophy of education and the goals of education. / Teacher Education / D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education))

The structure of an education system and its curricula reflects the influence of a specific paradigm. Since the onset of colonial rule and apartheid in South Africa about everything in the South African society, including the education system and curricular issues in particular, have been shaped in accordance with the macro paradigm: the modern Western paradigm. The emergence of a new paradigm: the postmodern paradigm, created the possibility of a new order of thinking which influenced all societal domains and aspects and propelled the society into the new millennium. Since 1994 a new approach forms the corner stone of all the new South African policy documents on education. It is for this reason that the issue of an arts education curriculum is investigated from a paradigmatic point of view with reference to the modern, the postmodern and the African paradigms. Various components, roles and dynamics of educational curricula cast in the modern paradigm framework are compared with characteristics of their counterparts in the postmodern paradigm framework, and how they can influence the design of curricula, especially arts education. The contribution of an African paradigmatic perspective is accounted for. A new approach to curriculum development based on the ideals of a learner-centred education approach, an outcomes-based education approach and the integration of subjects into specific learning areas has officially been adopted as the approach for transforming education and curricular issues, resulting in the present Curriculum 2005. Within the context of the Arts and Culture learning area of this Curriculum, the study concentrates on and emphasises the integration of the four art forms of dance, drama, music and visual art in order to overcome the legacy of fragmentation of a curriculum. The study culminates in a proposed integrated arts education outline for curriculum development that defines the rationale and vision for South African arts education. The researcher contends that there is sufficient scope for arts education to contribute its unique aesthetic values to the new national curriculum in South Africa and that integration of these art forms does not in any way diminish the unique character of each. / Didactics / D. Ed. (Didactics)

Text in Afrikaans / Die ontstaan en verloop van Christelik-nasionale onderwys as die histories-geworde onderwysideaal van die Afrikaner word in hierdie studie ondersoek en evalueer ten einde die moontlike toekomstige voortbestaan daarvan in Suid-Afrika te kan aantoon. Die verband tussen lewensbeskouing en onderwys is allereers aangetoon, met besondere verwysing na die ontstaan en wese van die Christelik-nasionale lewensbeskouing en onderwysleer. In die terugskou is die verloop en posisie van Christelik-nasionale onderwys vanaf 1652 tot en met 1997 van nader beskou. Aandag is aan die volgende onderwysfasette gegee: onderwysdoelstellinge, onderwysbeheer, onderwysinhoud (met spesiale verwysing na godsdiensonderrig) en medium van onderrig. Ten slotte is bevindinge en 'n gevolgtrekking rakende Christelik-nasionale onderwys in Suid-Afrika verwoord. Enkele aanbevelings vir die voortbestaan van Christelik-nasionale onderwys is ook gemaak. / In this study, the genesis and course of Christian National Education, as historic cultivated educational ideal of the Afrikander, are examined and assessed in order to be able to predict its future in times to come. First of all, the relation between view of life and education is indicated, with special reference to the genesis and nature of the Christian National view of life and doctrine of education. In the historical survey the course and position of Christian National Education from 1652 to 1997 are indicated. Attention is focused on the following educational aspects: aim of education, governance of education, content of education (with special reference to religious instruction) and medium of instruction. Finally, findings and a conclusion regarding Christian National Education in South Africa are expressed. Some recommendations for its continued existence are also provided / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)