O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de uso do resíduo da extração de pigmento de cúrcuma na produção de filmes e coberturas. Para o estudo dos filmes, foram utilizados glicerol e sorbitol como plastificantes e avaliados os efeitos da concentração de farinha de cúrcuma e do plastificante sobre as propriedades mecânicas, solubilidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água (PVA), molhabilidade, atividade antioxidante, teor de curcuminóides e teor de compostos fenólicos totais utilizando um Delineamento Central Composto Rotacional 22, e os resultados foram avaliados utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR). A concentração de farinha afetou de forma positiva a espessura, PVA e o teor de curcuminóides totais dos filmes plastificados com glicerol e sorbitol. Entretanto, esta variável afetou as propriedades de solubilidade, molhabilidade e teor de compostos fenólicos totais somente dos filmes com glicerol. A concentração de plastificante (glicerol ou sorbitol) afetou significativamente a solubilidade, PVA e molhabilidade de ambos os filmes. Filmes de farinha de cúrcuma com boas propriedades mecânicas, baixa permeabilidade ao vapor de água, alta atividade antioxidante, alto teor de curcuminóides e alto teor de compostos fenólicos totais podem ser produzidos utilizando 27,9 a 30 g glicerol/100 g farinha ou 30 a 42 g sorbitol/100 g farinha e concentração de farinha na faixa de 5% a 6,41%. A cobertura de farinha de cúrcuma contendo 6% de farinha e 30 g glicerol/100 g de farinha foi aplicada em bananas Maçã (Musa acuminata) armazenadas a 27ºC e 65% UR. Assim, foi avaliado o efeito da cobertura na qualidade pós-colheita das bananas em função à suas características físico-químicas como perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e cor da casca. Os resultados mostraram que a cobertura foi eficiente em diminuir a perda de massa, o teor de açúcares redutores, a acidez, a perda da firmeza e a cor da casca principalmente durante a etapa de maturação do fruto. Entretanto, não foi observado grande efeito da cobertura sobre o pH e o teor de sólidos solúveis durante o período estudado. As bananas sem a cobertura tiveram vida útil de 6 dias, enquanto as bananas com cobertura tiveram vida útil de 9 dias. / This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of turmeric dye extraction residue in the production of films and coatings. To study the films, glycerol and sorbitol were used as plasticizers. A central composite rotational design 22 helped to analyze the effects of turmeric flour concentration and plasticizers on the mechanical properties, solubility, permeability to water vapor (PVA), wettability, antioxidant activity, curcuminoids content, and content of phenolic compounds in the films. The results were evaluated by means of the response surface methodology (RSM). The flour concentration affected the thickness, PVA, and total content of curcuminoids in the films plasticized with glycerol or sorbitol. However, this variable affected the solubility properties, wettability, and content of phenolic compounds of the films plasticized with glycerol only. The concentration of plasticizer (glycerol or sorbitol) significantly impacted the solubility, wettability, and PVA of both films. The parameters 27.9 to 30 g of glycerol/100 g of flour or 30 to 42 g of sorbitol g/100 g of flour and flour concentration ranging from 5 to 6.41% afforded turmeric flour films with good mechanical properties, low water vapor permeability, high antioxidant activity, high curcuminoid content, and high content of phenolic compounds. The turmeric flour coating containing 6% flour and 30 g of glycerol/100 g of flour was applied to bananas (Musa acuminata) stored at 27 °C and 65% RH. Then, the effect of the coating on the postharvest quality of the bananas in terms of the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit such as weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugars, and skin color were examined. The coating efficiently diminished weight loss, reducing sugar content, acidity, and loss of firmness and skin color especially during the maturation step. However, the coating did not significantly affect the pH and soluble solids during the study period. The bananas without the coating had shelf life of six days, whereas the coated bananas had shelf life of nine days.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de uso do resíduo da extração de pigmento de cúrcuma na produção de filmes e coberturas. Para o estudo dos filmes, foram utilizados glicerol e sorbitol como plastificantes e avaliados os efeitos da concentração de farinha de cúrcuma e do plastificante sobre as propriedades mecânicas, solubilidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água (PVA), molhabilidade, atividade antioxidante, teor de curcuminóides e teor de compostos fenólicos totais utilizando um Delineamento Central Composto Rotacional 22, e os resultados foram avaliados utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta (MSR). A concentração de farinha afetou de forma positiva a espessura, PVA e o teor de curcuminóides totais dos filmes plastificados com glicerol e sorbitol. Entretanto, esta variável afetou as propriedades de solubilidade, molhabilidade e teor de compostos fenólicos totais somente dos filmes com glicerol. A concentração de plastificante (glicerol ou sorbitol) afetou significativamente a solubilidade, PVA e molhabilidade de ambos os filmes. Filmes de farinha de cúrcuma com boas propriedades mecânicas, baixa permeabilidade ao vapor de água, alta atividade antioxidante, alto teor de curcuminóides e alto teor de compostos fenólicos totais podem ser produzidos utilizando 27,9 a 30 g glicerol/100 g farinha ou 30 a 42 g sorbitol/100 g farinha e concentração de farinha na faixa de 5% a 6,41%. A cobertura de farinha de cúrcuma contendo 6% de farinha e 30 g glicerol/100 g de farinha foi aplicada em bananas Maçã (Musa acuminata) armazenadas a 27ºC e 65% UR. Assim, foi avaliado o efeito da cobertura na qualidade pós-colheita das bananas em função à suas características físico-químicas como perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e cor da casca. Os resultados mostraram que a cobertura foi eficiente em diminuir a perda de massa, o teor de açúcares redutores, a acidez, a perda da firmeza e a cor da casca principalmente durante a etapa de maturação do fruto. Entretanto, não foi observado grande efeito da cobertura sobre o pH e o teor de sólidos solúveis durante o período estudado. As bananas sem a cobertura tiveram vida útil de 6 dias, enquanto as bananas com cobertura tiveram vida útil de 9 dias. / This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of turmeric dye extraction residue in the production of films and coatings. To study the films, glycerol and sorbitol were used as plasticizers. A central composite rotational design 22 helped to analyze the effects of turmeric flour concentration and plasticizers on the mechanical properties, solubility, permeability to water vapor (PVA), wettability, antioxidant activity, curcuminoids content, and content of phenolic compounds in the films. The results were evaluated by means of the response surface methodology (RSM). The flour concentration affected the thickness, PVA, and total content of curcuminoids in the films plasticized with glycerol or sorbitol. However, this variable affected the solubility properties, wettability, and content of phenolic compounds of the films plasticized with glycerol only. The concentration of plasticizer (glycerol or sorbitol) significantly impacted the solubility, wettability, and PVA of both films. The parameters 27.9 to 30 g of glycerol/100 g of flour or 30 to 42 g of sorbitol g/100 g of flour and flour concentration ranging from 5 to 6.41% afforded turmeric flour films with good mechanical properties, low water vapor permeability, high antioxidant activity, high curcuminoid content, and high content of phenolic compounds. The turmeric flour coating containing 6% flour and 30 g of glycerol/100 g of flour was applied to bananas (Musa acuminata) stored at 27 °C and 65% RH. Then, the effect of the coating on the postharvest quality of the bananas in terms of the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit such as weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, reducing sugars, and skin color were examined. The coating efficiently diminished weight loss, reducing sugar content, acidity, and loss of firmness and skin color especially during the maturation step. However, the coating did not significantly affect the pH and soluble solids during the study period. The bananas without the coating had shelf life of six days, whereas the coated bananas had shelf life of nine days.

Les nitrones sont de composés diamagnétiques qui additionnent les radicaux libres pour former des adduits nitroxyde détectables par résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE). Récemment les nitrones linéaires telles que l’α-phényl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) et ses dérivés ont été proposées comme nouvelles thérapeutiques dans des pathologies à stress oxydant. Dans ce contexte nous avons synthétisé une vingtaine de PPNs originales, dérivés β-phosphorylés de la PBN, dont le groupe phényle a été substitué par des groupes ayant des effets électroniques sur la fonction nitrone ou a été conçu de manière à former un fragment phénolique présent dans certains antioxydants naturels. Il s’agissait de combiner le bon outil de détection des radicaux que sont les PPNs aux éventuels effets antioxydants et donneurs de NO● de ces nitrones. Nous avons réalisé une évaluation des propriétés antioxydantes des nouvelles PPNs au moyen de différents tests biochimiques ainsi qu'une étude par RPE permettant de déterminer leur réactivité in vitro sur plusieurs types de radicaux libres d'intérêt biologique. Nous avons sélectionné les PPNs ayant les meilleures propriétés afin d'examiner leur impact pharmacologique dans un modèle d'endothélium aortique de rat soumis à un stress oxydant. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons greffé sur certaines des PPNs synthétisées des chaînes alkyles de différentes longueurs dont la terminaison triphénylphosphonium confère à ces nitrones une affinité particulière pour la mitochondrie, principale source cellulaire de production radicalaire. Nous avons ensuite évalué par RPE la capacité de ces 5 nouvelles mito-PPNs à piéger les radicaux libres alkyle et alcoxy in vitro. / Nitrones are diamagnetic compounds commonly used as probes to monitor biological free radical formation by the spin trapping (ST)/electron paramagnetic resonance coupling (EPR). In addition the growing interest in the therapeutic potential of α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) derivatives led researchers to develop analogs having improved protective properties and bioavailability. Among these, PPNs are β-phosphorylated analogues of PBN which form more persistent spin adducts than PBN toward oxygen-centered radicals. In this context we have synthesized twenty new hybrid PPNs having their aromatic ring substituted either by groups which can bring electronic and steric effects to the nitrone function or mimic natural antioxidant moieties. We evaluated the antioxidant properties of the new PPNs with a series of specific assays and we used ESR to study PPNs properties in ST toward a wide array of biologically-relevant free radicals, and their intrinsic nitric oxide releasing properties. The most promising compounds were than tested as vasorelaxant and antioxidant free radicals detectors in rat aortic rings. Protection by PPNs was assessed by measuring vascular response preservation and biochemical indices in aortic tissue. The second purpose dealt with the synthesis of new mitochondrial targeted PPNs with the aim to reach the primary biological source of endogenous production of free radicals. Using EPR we have assessed their ability to scavenge alkyl and alkoxy free radicals in vitro which allowed us to envisage a potential use of this probe against lipid peroxidation at mitochondrial level.

Complexos diimínicos de cobre(II) têm despertado grande interesse como modelos estruturais e funcionais do sítio ativo de diversas proteínas e enzimas dependentes deste metal, particularmente aquelas relacionadas ao oxigênio molecular e seus derivados reduzidos. Embora sejam bons miméticos da SOD, uma enzima antioxidante, estes compostos também podem apresentar atividade peroxidásica considerável, causando danos oxidativos a diversos substratos. Neste trabalho, 3 novos complexos diimínicos de cobre(II), derivados de 2,3-butanodiona e 2-(2-aminofenil)benzimidazol, 2-(aminometil)benzimidazol ou 2-(2-aminoetil)piridina, foram sintetizados e posteriormente caracterizados através de análise elementar, medidas magnéticas e espectroscopia UV/Vis, IR e EPR, com a finalidade de verificar como modificações no ligante podem modular suas propriedades, especialmente frente a oxidantes biológicos, como peróxido de hidrogênio e peroxinitrito. Estes novos complexos preparados tiveram ainda suas propriedades comparadas às de espécies semelhantes, derivadas de piridinaldeído e etilenodiamina ou acetilpirazina e propilenodiamina, estudadas anteriormente. As propriedades antioxidantes dos complexos foram estimadas através da atividade catalítica acentuada na dismutação de radicais superóxidos, em comparação a complexos similares descritos na literatura, indicando que estas espécies são bons miméticos da SOD. Evidências da distorção tetraédrica ao redor do íon cobre, similar à observada na enzima nativa, foram obtidas através de parâmetros espectroscópicos característicos. Os novos complexos também mostraram atividade pró-oxidante, gerando radicais hidroxil em quantidades apreciáveis, em presença de peróxido de hidrogênio, detectados e identificados por EPR com a adição de captador de spin. Danos oxidativos promovidos por estas espécies complexas foram observados através da peroxidação lipídica de lipossomos de fosfatidilcolina de lecitina. Estes danos foram expressivamente aumentados em presença de íons nitrito e/ou bicarbonato. Sua atividade catalítica na decomposição do peroxinitrito, em presença e ausência de dióxido de carbono, bem como na nitração do 4-hidroxifenilacetato, mediada por peroxinitrito, foi também estudada através de medidas de cinética rápida (stopped-flow). Evidências de intermediários de reação foram obtidas através de mudanças significativas no espectro EPR. As propriedades eletroquímicas e a estabilidade termodinâmica relativa dessas espécies, estimada pela técnica de dicroismo circular, usando a albumina bovina como quelante fisiológico, foram também verificadas. Todos os estudos relatados foram desenvolvidos para melhor correlacionar a reatividade observada com determinadas características estruturais dos complexos de cobre preparados. / Many investigations on diimine copper(II) complexes have been carried out in order to mimic functional and structural properties of the active sites in proteins and enzymes dependent on this metal. Special interest has been focused on their reactivity toward molecular oxygen and its reduced derivatives, and more recently toward peroxynitrite. These diimine copper(II) complexes exhibited SOD-like activities, but have also shown considerable peroxidase activity, causing oxidative damage to different targets. In this work, some new diimine copper(II) complexes were prepared, derived from 2,3-butanedione and 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzimidazole, 2-(aminomethyl) benzimidazole or 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine, and characterized using UV/Vis, IR and EPR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and determination of the effective magnetic moment. Those complexes have also been compared to similar species, derived from pyridinaldehyde and ethylenediamine, or acetylpyrazine and propylenediamine, previously prepared. The studied complexes showed significant SOD activity, indicative of antioxidant properties, and a pronounced tetrahedral distortion around the copper ion, estimated by characteristic spectroscopic parameters. On the other hand, the new compounds also exhibited pro-oxidant activities, by generating hydroxyl radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, detected by the spin-trapping EPR method. The extension of lipid peroxidation promoted by these diimine copper(II) complexes was also investigated, using liposomes of lecithin L-α-phosphatidylcholine as membrane mimics. An enhancement of their peroxidase activity in the presence of bicarbonate and/or nitrite anion was also observed. Further, the decomposition of peroxynitrite, in the presence and absence of carbon dioxide, and the peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, catalyzed by these copper compounds, was measured by stopped-flow kinetic runs. Evidence of intermediary species was provided by significant changes in the EPR spectra. Finally, their electrochemical properties were estimated by cyclic voltammetry and their relative thermodynamic stability was verified through the technique of circular dicroism, using a competitive reaction with albumin, a physiological Cu(II) chelator. All those studies were performed at the aim of correlating some structural characteristics to the observed reactivity of the diimine copper(II) complexes.

Complexos diimínicos de cobre(II) têm despertado grande interesse como modelos estruturais e funcionais do sítio ativo de diversas proteínas e enzimas dependentes deste metal, particularmente aquelas relacionadas ao oxigênio molecular e seus derivados reduzidos. Embora sejam bons miméticos da SOD, uma enzima antioxidante, estes compostos também podem apresentar atividade peroxidásica considerável, causando danos oxidativos a diversos substratos. Neste trabalho, 3 novos complexos diimínicos de cobre(II), derivados de 2,3-butanodiona e 2-(2-aminofenil)benzimidazol, 2-(aminometil)benzimidazol ou 2-(2-aminoetil)piridina, foram sintetizados e posteriormente caracterizados através de análise elementar, medidas magnéticas e espectroscopia UV/Vis, IR e EPR, com a finalidade de verificar como modificações no ligante podem modular suas propriedades, especialmente frente a oxidantes biológicos, como peróxido de hidrogênio e peroxinitrito. Estes novos complexos preparados tiveram ainda suas propriedades comparadas às de espécies semelhantes, derivadas de piridinaldeído e etilenodiamina ou acetilpirazina e propilenodiamina, estudadas anteriormente. As propriedades antioxidantes dos complexos foram estimadas através da atividade catalítica acentuada na dismutação de radicais superóxidos, em comparação a complexos similares descritos na literatura, indicando que estas espécies são bons miméticos da SOD. Evidências da distorção tetraédrica ao redor do íon cobre, similar à observada na enzima nativa, foram obtidas através de parâmetros espectroscópicos característicos. Os novos complexos também mostraram atividade pró-oxidante, gerando radicais hidroxil em quantidades apreciáveis, em presença de peróxido de hidrogênio, detectados e identificados por EPR com a adição de captador de spin. Danos oxidativos promovidos por estas espécies complexas foram observados através da peroxidação lipídica de lipossomos de fosfatidilcolina de lecitina. Estes danos foram expressivamente aumentados em presença de íons nitrito e/ou bicarbonato. Sua atividade catalítica na decomposição do peroxinitrito, em presença e ausência de dióxido de carbono, bem como na nitração do 4-hidroxifenilacetato, mediada por peroxinitrito, foi também estudada através de medidas de cinética rápida (stopped-flow). Evidências de intermediários de reação foram obtidas através de mudanças significativas no espectro EPR. As propriedades eletroquímicas e a estabilidade termodinâmica relativa dessas espécies, estimada pela técnica de dicroismo circular, usando a albumina bovina como quelante fisiológico, foram também verificadas. Todos os estudos relatados foram desenvolvidos para melhor correlacionar a reatividade observada com determinadas características estruturais dos complexos de cobre preparados. / Many investigations on diimine copper(II) complexes have been carried out in order to mimic functional and structural properties of the active sites in proteins and enzymes dependent on this metal. Special interest has been focused on their reactivity toward molecular oxygen and its reduced derivatives, and more recently toward peroxynitrite. These diimine copper(II) complexes exhibited SOD-like activities, but have also shown considerable peroxidase activity, causing oxidative damage to different targets. In this work, some new diimine copper(II) complexes were prepared, derived from 2,3-butanedione and 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzimidazole, 2-(aminomethyl) benzimidazole or 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine, and characterized using UV/Vis, IR and EPR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and determination of the effective magnetic moment. Those complexes have also been compared to similar species, derived from pyridinaldehyde and ethylenediamine, or acetylpyrazine and propylenediamine, previously prepared. The studied complexes showed significant SOD activity, indicative of antioxidant properties, and a pronounced tetrahedral distortion around the copper ion, estimated by characteristic spectroscopic parameters. On the other hand, the new compounds also exhibited pro-oxidant activities, by generating hydroxyl radicals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, detected by the spin-trapping EPR method. The extension of lipid peroxidation promoted by these diimine copper(II) complexes was also investigated, using liposomes of lecithin L-α-phosphatidylcholine as membrane mimics. An enhancement of their peroxidase activity in the presence of bicarbonate and/or nitrite anion was also observed. Further, the decomposition of peroxynitrite, in the presence and absence of carbon dioxide, and the peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, catalyzed by these copper compounds, was measured by stopped-flow kinetic runs. Evidence of intermediary species was provided by significant changes in the EPR spectra. Finally, their electrochemical properties were estimated by cyclic voltammetry and their relative thermodynamic stability was verified through the technique of circular dicroism, using a competitive reaction with albumin, a physiological Cu(II) chelator. All those studies were performed at the aim of correlating some structural characteristics to the observed reactivity of the diimine copper(II) complexes.

La biomasse ligno-cellulosique est principalement constituée de cellulose, d’hémicellulose et de lignine. Par conversion thermochimique, la lignine se transforme en bio-huile riche en composés phénoliques. Ces composés phénoliques sont généralement récupérés à l’aide de plusieurs étapes d‘extractions liquide-liquide consécutives impliquant des solvants aqueux et organiques. À l’aide d’une approche multi-échelle, nous avons étudié, la faisabilité et l’efficacité d’un liquide ionique, la [Choline][NTf2], pour l’extraction liquide-liquide de ces composés. En effet, l’utilisation de ce solvant permettrait d’améliorer l’efficacité d’extraction, tout en diminuant la toxicité et les coûts liés à l’utilisation de solvants organiques classiques. Des calculs quantiques ont été effectués afin de mieux comprendre les interactions régissant les systèmes clés de ces extractions. Les structures des composés phénoliques dans leur état isolé ou en présence de solvant montrent que les conformations sont stabilisées par la présence de liaisons hydrogène. De plus, la détermination des énergies d’interaction indique que la [Choline][NTf2] est efficace pour l’extraction de composés phénoliques présents en solution aqueuse. Par ailleurs, la détermination des diagrammes de phases des systèmes binaires {eau-composé + phénolique} et des systèmes ternaires {eau + composé phénolique + [Choline][NTf2]} montre que l’extraction des composés est également possible à une échelle macroscopique. Les paramètres NRTL issus de ces expériences ont permis de simuler l’extraction de trois composés phénoliques majoritairement présents dans les bio-huiles, i.e. le phénol, le guaiacol et le syringol, et ce, à moindre coût. Enfin, l’extraction de ces composés à partir d’une bio-huile obtenue par pyrolyse rapide de lignine a également été particulièrement efficace avec le liquide ionique [Choline][NTf2]. De ce fait, cette étude multi-échelle a permis de montrer que la [Choline][NTf2] est un excellent solvant pour la récupération des composés phénoliques. Enfin, l’étude des propriétés anti-oxydantes témoigne de la valeur ajoutée de ces composés, notamment à travers leur pouvoir réducteur et leur propriété anti-radicalaire / The lignocellulosic biomass is mostly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Upon thermal conversion of lignin, a bio-oil rich in phenolic compounds is obtained. These latter are then generally recovered through several liquid-liquid extraction involving aqueous and organic solvents. In this work we investigated, by a multi-scale study, the feasibility and the efficiency of the ionic liquid [Choline][NTf2] for the extraction of these phenolic compounds by liquid-liquid extraction. Indeed, such a solvent could improve the extraction efficiency and at the same time, reduce the toxicity and the cost of the classic organic solvents. Quantum calculations were performed in order to better understand the interaction governing the key systems of these extractions. The structures of the phenolic compounds in their isolated forms and in contact with solvents show that the conformations are stabilized by the presence of hydrogen bonds. More, the determination of the interaction energies indicates that the [Choline][NTf2] ionic liquid is efficient for the extraction of phenolic compounds present in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the study of phase diagrams of binary systems {water-phenolic compound} and ternary systems {water-phenolic compound-[Choline][NTf2]} show that the extraction of these compounds is also possible at a macroscopic scale. Then, the NRTL parameters coming from these experiments allowed the simulation of the extraction of three compounds mostly present in the bio-oils, namely phenol, guaiacol and syringol, as so at low cost. Finally, the extraction of these compounds from bio-oil obtained from lignin fast pyrolysis was also particularly efficient with the [Choline][NTf2] ionic liquid. Therefore, this multi-scale study demonstrated that [Choline][NTf2] is an excellent solvent for the recovery of phenolic compounds. Lastly, the study of the antioxidant properties testify the added-value of these compounds, especially through their reducing power and their radical scavenging capacity

<p>Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu bilo je ispitivanje uticaja<br />različitih vidova ekstrakcije (konvencionalna ekstrakcija<br />organskim rastvaračem i superkritična ekstrakcija ugljendioksidom)<br />na kvalitet oleorizina začinske paprike u pogledu<br />kvalitativnog i kvantitativnog sadržaja bojenih materija,<br />sastava masnih kiselina i antioksidativnih svojstava. Po&scaron;to u<br />Vojvodini postoje značajni kapaciteti za proizvodnju i preradu<br />začinske paprike, smatramo da će rezultati ovih ispitivanja<br />dati uvid u kinetiku različitih tipova ekstrakcije i pružiti<br />informacije o uslovima potrebnim za dobijanje proizvoda<br />vrhunskog kvaliteta.</p> / <p>The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of<br />different extraction methods (conventional extraction using<br />organic solvent and supercritical carbon-dioxide extraction)<br />to qualitative and quantitative pigment content, fatty acid<br />content and antioxidant properties of oleoresins. As there<br />have been significant production and processing capacities of<br />spice pepper in Vojvodina, the results of these investigations<br />will give a closer insight into the kinetics of different types of<br />extraction and conditions for obtaining the high quality<br />product.</p>

High pressure processing is a food preservation technique which can be an alternative to heat treatment. Pressurization, in theory, produces changes in organoleptic properties and antioxidant compounds to a lesser extent. The objective of the present dissertation has been to study the effect of high pressure processing on oxidative processes and their relation to the organoleptic qualities of diced swede and packaged sliced ham. The results have pointed to pressurization at 600 MPa, and produce an effective decontamination is that which causes less loss of compounds or antioxidant properties. For swede, this pressure level also caused a minor modification of the organoleptic qualities. This dissertation has also shown that depending on feed composition, the effect of pressurization on the organoleptic qualities can be diametrically opposite. / La aplicación de altas presiones hidrostáticas es una técnica de conservación de alimentos que puede ser una alternativa al tratamiento térmico. La presurización, en teoría, produce una menor modificación de las propiedades organolépticas y de los compuestos antioxidantes. En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto de las altas presiones hidrostáticas en los procesos oxidativos y su relación con las cualidades organolépticas del nabo troceado y del jamón curado empaquetado loncheado. Los resultados obtenidos han apuntado a que la presurización a 600 MPa, además de producir una descontaminación efectiva, es la que causa una menor pérdida de compuestos o propiedades antioxidantes. En el caso del nabo, esta presión también es la que ocasiona una menor modificación de las cualidades organolépticas. En el presente trabajo también se ha observado que en función de la composición del alimento, el efecto de la presurización en las cualidades organolépticas puede ser diametralmente opuesto.