The objectives of this research work are to investigate, design and implement active integrated antennas comprising active devices connected directly to the patch radiators, for various applications in high efficiency RF front-ends, integrated oscillator antennas, design and optimization of harmonic suppression antennas using a genetic algorithm (GA). A computer-aided design approach to obtain a class F operation to optimizing the optimal fundamental load impedance and designing the input matching circuits for an active integrated antenna of the transmitting type is proposed and a case study of a design for 1.6 GHz is used to confirm the design principle. A study of active integrated oscillator antennas with a series feed back using a pseudomorphic high electronmobility transistor (PHEMT) confirms the design procedure in simulation and measurement for the oscillator circuit connected directly to the active antenna. Subsequently, another design of active oscillator antenna using bipolar junction transistor (BJT) improves the phase noise of the oscillation and in addition to achieve amplitude shift keying (ASK) and amplitude modulation (AM) modulation using the proposed design circuit. Moreover, the possibility of using a sensor patch technique to find the power accepted by the antenna at harmonic frequencies is studied. A novel numerical solution, for designing and optimizing active patch antennas for harmonic suppression using GA in collaboration with numerical electromagnetic computation (NEC), is presented. A new FORTRAN program is developed and used for adaptively meshing any planar antenna structure in terms of wire grid surface structures. The program is subsequently implemented in harmonic suppression antenna design and optimization using GA. The simulation and measurement results for several surface structures show a good agreement.

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Framing tactics are used to structure a situation in an attempt to establish a “favorable climate” for influence. Framing can be used to influence the military or society to make decisions that are in your best interest (i.e. Jackie Robinson’s allowance into major league baseball and the desegregation of the Armed Services) by structuring the issues at hand. The military may be faced with several options; however, introducing social influence tactics will alter his/her idea of what they believe to be their set course of action. Successful framing tactics are evident in how the military desegregated itself breaking from its long tradition of racial separation of decades past. Framing will present the military an optional course of action. This course of action is not desirable for some, but most will benefit from it, due to the fact that homosexuals will not be subjugated, scrutinized, or discharged for their sexual orientation. The idea behind this framing tactic is to have the military choose option A on their own accord. This thesis will explore the relevance of the Jackie Robinson situation and how it relates to the current military actions towards “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell” and to determine how social influence tactics were employed to achieve the desired result. There are several examples ranging from desegregation of African-Americans into the military to the current acceptance of gays into the military.

Universiẗat, FB Wirtschaftswiss., Diss.--Hamburg, 2000. / Literaturverz. S. [229] - 254.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 polonio_dm_me_bauru.pdf: 752692 bytes, checksum: 095a7c51d8a349cb377a5116237c7dee (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Apesar das universidades no Brasil serem responsáveis pela formação de profissionais de nível superior, pelo desenvolvimento de pesquisas e pela realização de atividades de extensão, os docentes universitários muitas vezes não recebem preparação para ensinar. E uma das dificuldades encontradas por este professor está em identificar procedimentos de ensino que favoreçam a aprendizagem de seus alunos. Na visão da análise do comportamento o sucesso ou fracasso do ensino está nas relações entre as respostas dos indivíduos envolvidos no processo e as condições nas quais ele ocorre. Neste sentido, o professor tem um papel de destaque por ser quem escolhe o método a ser utilizado. Neste trabalho foram analisados dois procedimentos de ensino comumente utilizados por professores, a apresentação de perguntas e de instruções. Instruções e perguntas são comportamentos verbais, e ambos podem funciona como regra especificando o reforço que modelou a topografia da resposta e colocou-a sob o controle do estímulo e são úteis para resolver a questão da primeira ocorrência da resposta. O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo de investigação de variáveis possivelmente relacionadas ao comportamento de Instruir e Perguntar de uma professora universitária do curso de matemática. Para isto, foram feitas filmagens e análises de seis aulas, procurando observar o que a professora fazia, em que momento, e como os alunos se comportavam diante do fazer da professora, e também qual a ação dela após as respostas dos alunos. As instruções e perguntas foram identificadas. Em seguida, as instruções foram classificadas como: instruções mínimas, instruções que descreviam o antecedente e a resposta e a consequencia e instruções completas. Foram identificados as situações em que as instruções e as perguntas ocorreram e analisadas possíveis relações entre a situação... / Although Brazilian universities are responsible for top-level professionals' education, research development and for carrying out extension activities, professors are rarely prepared to teach. And one of the difficulties faced by professors is to identify teaching procedures that promote learning of their students. At the behavior analysis poitnof view the success or failure of education is on relations between the responses of people involved in the process and the on conditions under which it occurs. So, teachers have a important role because they choose the teaching method that will be used. In this paper two procedures commonly used by teachers in the classroom were examined, the presentation of questions and instructions. Both are verbal behaviors, and can function as a rule by specify the reinforcement that modeled the response topography and placed it under stimulus control. Both are efficient in promoting the first occurrence of the response. This paper presents an investigation model of variables possibly related to Instruct and Ask Question behaviors of a college professor of a mathematics course. To this aim, six classes were filmed and analyzed; trying to see what the professor did, when she did, and how students behave as a consequence, and also how she acts after the students' responses. After Instructions and questions were identified, the instruction were classified as minimal instructions, instructions that described the antecedent and the response, instructions that described the response and consequence or complete instructions. The situation in which the instructions and questions were presented and possibly relations between the antecedent situations and the events subsequent to these instructions or questions were analyzed. It was identified the frequency of students' behaviors subsequent to the asking question ant instructing behaviors of the professor. These ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Maria Regina Cavalcante / Banca: Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcantara Gil / Banca: Alessandra de Andrade Lopes / Resumo: Apesar das universidades no Brasil serem responsáveis pela formação de profissionais de nível superior, pelo desenvolvimento de pesquisas e pela realização de atividades de extensão, os docentes universitários muitas vezes não recebem preparação para ensinar. E uma das dificuldades encontradas por este professor está em identificar procedimentos de ensino que favoreçam a aprendizagem de seus alunos. Na visão da análise do comportamento o sucesso ou fracasso do ensino está nas relações entre as respostas dos indivíduos envolvidos no processo e as condições nas quais ele ocorre. Neste sentido, o professor tem um papel de destaque por ser quem escolhe o método a ser utilizado. Neste trabalho foram analisados dois procedimentos de ensino comumente utilizados por professores, a apresentação de perguntas e de instruções. Instruções e perguntas são comportamentos verbais, e ambos podem funciona como regra especificando o reforço que modelou a topografia da resposta e colocou-a sob o controle do estímulo e são úteis para resolver a questão da primeira ocorrência da resposta. O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo de investigação de variáveis possivelmente relacionadas ao comportamento de Instruir e Perguntar de uma professora universitária do curso de matemática. Para isto, foram feitas filmagens e análises de seis aulas, procurando observar o que a professora fazia, em que momento, e como os alunos se comportavam diante do fazer da professora, e também qual a ação dela após as respostas dos alunos. As instruções e perguntas foram identificadas. Em seguida, as instruções foram classificadas como: instruções mínimas, instruções que descreviam o antecedente e a resposta e a consequencia e instruções completas. Foram identificados as situações em que as instruções e as perguntas ocorreram e analisadas possíveis relações entre a situação ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Although Brazilian universities are responsible for top-level professionals' education, research development and for carrying out extension activities, professors are rarely prepared to teach. And one of the difficulties faced by professors is to identify teaching procedures that promote learning of their students. At the behavior analysis poitnof view the success or failure of education is on relations between the responses of people involved in the process and the on conditions under which it occurs. So, teachers have a important role because they choose the teaching method that will be used. In this paper two procedures commonly used by teachers in the classroom were examined, the presentation of questions and instructions. Both are verbal behaviors, and can function as a rule by specify the reinforcement that modeled the response topography and placed it under stimulus control. Both are efficient in promoting the first occurrence of the response. This paper presents an investigation model of variables possibly related to Instruct and Ask Question behaviors of a college professor of a mathematics course. To this aim, six classes were filmed and analyzed; trying to see what the professor did, when she did, and how students behave as a consequence, and also how she acts after the students' responses. After Instructions and questions were identified, the instruction were classified as minimal instructions, instructions that described the antecedent and the response, instructions that described the response and consequence or complete instructions. The situation in which the instructions and questions were presented and possibly relations between the antecedent situations and the events subsequent to these instructions or questions were analyzed. It was identified the frequency of students' behaviors subsequent to the asking question ant instructing behaviors of the professor. These ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Aline Martins (1146629@mackenzie.br) on 2016-08-03T17:58:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nelson Bueno de Oliveira .pdf: 1417154 bytes, checksum: be408077bc059e50904b963eb6ce97e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2016-08-05T16:25:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Nelson Bueno de Oliveira .pdf: 1417154 bytes, checksum: be408077bc059e50904b963eb6ce97e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T16:25:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nelson Bueno de Oliveira .pdf: 1417154 bytes, checksum: be408077bc059e50904b963eb6ce97e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / The aim of this study is to analyze the economic benefits of transparency or corporate disclosure. It is estimated the reduction of information asymmetry, which is a component of the cost of equity, due to the mandatory adoption of IFRS in Brazil, the level of commitment to corporate governance and the ADR issuance at the New York Stock Exchange. It uses the proxy bid-ask spread to estimate the asymmetry of information, as the dependent variable. The sample consists of non-financial companies of the Ibovespa index. In addition to disclosure variables, this study also analyzes the control variables like size, free float, risk and profitability. The conclusion of this dissertation confirms the initial expectations, in the sense that a higher corporate level of disclosure implies in a reduction of the asymmetry of information. Corporate governance variable, although significant, has a positive relationship with asymmetric information. This result is the opposite of what is expected by theory and can be subject of further studies. It is also statistically significant the expected positive relation between information asymmetry and the beta control variable. / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os benefícios econômicos da transparência ou disclosure empresarial. Avalia-se a redução da assimetria de informação, que é um componente do custo de capital próprio, em função da adoção obrigatória das IFRS no Brasil, do nível de compromisso com governança corporativa e da emissão de ADR junto à Bolsa de Nova Iorque. Utiliza-se a proxy bid-ask spread para estimar a assimetria de informação, como variável dependente. A amostra é composta pelas empresas não financeiras do índice Ibovespa. Além das variáveis de disclosure, analisa-se as variáveis de controle tamanho, free float, risco e rentabilidade. A conclusão da dissertação é aderente à expectativa inicial, no sentido de que um maior nível de disclosure empresarial implica em uma redução da assimetria de informação. A variável governança corporativa, apesar de significativa, possui relação positiva com a assimetria de informação. Esse resultado é o oposto do esperado pela teoria e pode ser objeto de estudos futuros. Encontra-se também significância estatística na relação positiva esperada entre assimetria de informação e a variável de controle beta.

Älgförvaltningsområden har sedan 2012 varit en av de rumsliga skalor där älgförvaltningen i Sverige sker. I denna studie har Riksskogstaxeringens data över förekomst, täckningsgrad och betningsgrad av viltfoder per älgförvaltningsområde (2011–2015) analyserats tillsammans med Skogsstyrelsens prognos över foderproducerande ungskog (fodpro) och avskjutningsstatistik (avskjutningstäthet) från den nationella jaktdatabasen (Viltdata.se). Resultaten visar på både likheter och skillnader mellan undersökta älgförvaltningsområden (ÄFO). Björk var den viltfoderart med högst täckningsgrad i alla ÄFO samtidigt som den hade lägst betestryck. Rönn var den enda enskilda viltfoderart där täckningsgraden skiljde sig signifikant åt mellan några ÄFO, vilket tyder på att älgförvaltningsområdena är lika varandra i fråga om kvalitet av viltfoder. Trots signifikanta skillnader i den totala täckningsgraden av viltfoder mellan några av älgförvaltningsområdena tyder resultatet på att områdena även är lika varandra i fråga om kvantitet av viltfoder. Både avskjutningstätheten och några av betningsgraderna för tall skiljde sig signifikant åt mellan alla ÄFO. Det fanns svaga, positiva signifikanta samband mellan avskjutningstätheten och betningsgraden ”hård” för både tall och salix. Dessa samband skulle kunna bero på att en ökad älgtäthet genererat ett högre betestryck på tall och salix vilket i sin tur sannolikt medfört en högre avskjutning av älg. Det fanns inga signifikanta skillnader mellan Riksskogstaxeringens och Skogsstyrelsens skattningar av viltfoder. Metoderna för skattningarna skiljer sig dock åt i flera avseenden vilket gör att de får olika tillämpningsområden.

Liquidity is a measure of the ease with which an asset can be converted into cash. In a perfectly liquid market, conversion is instantaneous and does not incur costs. Amihud and Mendelson (1986:224) proposed that illiquidity increases the expected return on an investment (liquidity premium) and simultaneously lengthens the holding period. These two effects are known respectively as the “spread-return relationship” and the “clientele effect” and have theoretical as well as practical implications. From a theoretical perspective it may help to explain the gap between the capital asset pricing model (which assumes that markets are perfectly liquid) and the associated empirical evidence; which thus far has been rather poor. From a practical perspective, liquidity will influence stakeholders’ decisions and market competitiveness (Amihud&Mendelson, 1991:61-64). The relevant stakeholders are governments, stock exchange regulators, corporations, investors and financial intermediaries. Emerging economies such as the South African economy typically have less liquid markets than the developed world. While this may be attractive for investors looking for higher returns, Amihud and Mendelson (1991:61) are of the opinion that liquid markets are more generally favoured by investors. Constantinides (1986:842-858), also proposes a model for liquidity, but found the liquidity premium to be of lesser importance than that proposed by Amihud and Mendelson (1986:223-231) but also supports the suggestion that investors will favour liquid markets. Although it is by no means a perfect proxy, a security’s bid-ask spread has been found to be an attractive and effective measure of liquidity. It has been found to correlate with beta as well as market capitalisation and several other variables commonly used in capital markets research. Because of this correlation the effect of the bid-ask spread cannot be studied in isolation when regression techniques are employed (Ramanathan, 1998:166). This is particularly problematic because empirical evidence for beta, which is arguably the most important independent variable in financial cross sectional relationships, is weak. Beta has to be estimated and so it is not clear if real markets do not support CAPM theory or if beta cannot be estimated with the required accuracy. All of the common independent variables used in empirical capital markets research are correlated to beta, and for this reason it cannot be established if these variables have a real effect or if they are simply serving as a proxy for the difference between the real and the estimated beta. Various strategies have been proposed to increase the accuracy of beta estimation and these are discussed in detail in this research. Successes with these strategies have been mixed. A second problem encountered in the empirical research base relating to the CAPM is that in the theory the cross-sectional relationship is between expected market return (which cannot be observed due to the vast number of real investments beyond those listed on exchanges) and beta, whereas empirical research makes use of actual return on a market proxy and beta. In order for the actual return to approach the expected return, empirical studies have to be conducted over extended periods. Accurate data for such periods are generally lacking and severe macro-economic changes such as wars, may also affect rational economic behaviour. It has to be kept in mind that the entire CAPM theory flows from the simple assumption that investors aim to achieve the highest return per unit of risk, and so a rejection of beta is a rejection of rational investor behaviour. Liquidity however, addresses one of the assumptions of CAPM, namely that markets are perfectly liquid; which obviously is not met in real markets and so CAPM models expanded for liquidity should be a reasonably fundamental starting point for all empirical capital markets research. The current empirical evidence for the spread-return relationship is inconclusive. While some researchers have found a significant relationship, others have questioned the ability of the methodology to differentiate a true relationship from the ‘proxy for errors in the estimated beta’ problem. Deductions (as explained in section 4.3) that have been made from the research of Marshall and Young (2003:176-186) in particular, provide strong evidence that at least some of the relationship is due to the ‘errors in estimated beta’ problem. Little empirical work has been done on the clientele effect. Atkins and Dyl (1997:318-321) found a significant relationship between holding period and bid-ask spread, although their approach was somewhat unorthodox in the sense that portfolio formation was not done and the effect of beta was not tested. This study tests empirically both the spread-return relationship and the clientele effect on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the period stretching from January 2002 to June 2007. The methodology of Fama and Macbeth (1973:614-617) as well as the aggregated beta of Dimson (1979:203-204) were mainly used, with some modifications as suggested by other researchers. With regard to the spread-return relationship, the findings of this study do not support theoretical expectations. This may be due to the short time period that was used as well as the difficulty in estimating beta. To the contrary, very significant evidence for the clientele effect was found, with little to no influence from market capitalisation and beta, which is as expected. Further investigation into the spread-return relationship is required. If a liquidity premium is not present, foreign investors will favour liquid developed markets above the JSE. This implies that efforts of exchange regulators and the government to decrease illiquidity will lead to foreign portfolio investment inflow into the South African economy. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Graduate School of Management / unrestricted

yes / The objectives of this research work are to investigate, design and implement active integrated antennas comprising active devices connected directly to the patch radiators, for various applications in high efficiency RF front-ends, integrated oscillator antennas, design and optimization of harmonic suppression antennas using a genetic algorithm (GA). A computer-aided design approach to obtain a class F operation to optimizing the optimal fundamental load impedance and designing the input matching circuits for an active integrated antenna of the transmitting type is proposed and a case study of a design for 1.6 GHz is used to confirm the design principle. A study of active integrated oscillator antennas with a series feed back using a pseudomorphic high electronmobility transistor (PHEMT) confirms the design procedure in simulation and measurement for the oscillator circuit connected directly to the active antenna. Subsequently, another design of active oscillator antenna using bipolar junction transistor (BJT) improves the phase noise of the oscillation and in addition to achieve amplitude shift keying (ASK) and amplitude modulation (AM) modulation using the proposed design circuit. Moreover, the possibility of using a sensor patch technique to find the power accepted by the antenna at harmonic frequencies is studied. A novel numerical solution, for designing and optimizing active patch antennas for harmonic suppression using GA in collaboration with numerical electromagnetic computation (NEC), is presented. A new FORTRAN program is developed and used for adaptively meshing any planar antenna structure in terms of wire grid surface structures. The program is subsequently implemented in harmonic suppression antenna design and optimization using GA. The simulation and measurement results for several surface structures show a good agreement.