Com mais de 50 milhões de cães de companhia, o Brasil é o segundo maior mercado mundial para este segmento, com uma grande variedade de produtos e serviços, sendo alguns deles tipicamente humanos, revelando um movimento de antropomorfização dos animais de companhia. A antropomorfização permite um estreitamento dos laços entre o homem e o animal, mas gera expectativas irreais sobre o comportamento deste, o que pode trazer graves consequências, como o abandono. Isto pode ocorrer tanto com animais comprados ou recebidos de presente quanto com adotados, mas há diferenças entre estes modos de aquisição. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar semelhanças e diferenças no processo de aquisição de cães e investigar a vinculação entre o homem e o cão. Foi utilizado um questionário disponibilizado na Internet para compreender a aquisição e uma escala para avaliar o vínculo (Dog Attachment Questionnaire), aplicados em até um ano da aquisição e um ano depois. A maioria dos animais é adotada (61,3%), seguido por 26,3% de cães comprados e 12,1% de animais recebidos de presente. Adotar esteve relacionado a aquisições sem planejamento, pessoas divorciadas, com menor escolaridade, animais esterilizados, mais velhos, oriundos da rua, sem raça definida, escolhidos pela própria pessoa, que residem em casas, com maior número de cães. Comprar esteve mais associado a maior renda, pós-graduação, morar em apartamento, pessoas mais jovens, casadas ou solteiras, aquisições planejadas, animais de porte pequeno, de raça. Ganhar um cão de companhia esteve mais associado a menor escolaridade, menor renda, morar em chácara/sítio/fazenda, animais esterilizados, de porte grande. O vínculo é favorecido pela pessoa ser do sexo feminino, jovem, solteiro ou divorciado, com escolaridade e renda médias, que escolhem seus próprios animais e são inteiramente responsáveis por eles, os quais são esterilizados, pegos da rua, sem planejamento e residem em casas com mais animais. O vínculo é desfavorecido pela pessoa ser do sexo masculino, mais velho, casado, com alta escolaridade e renda, que mora em apartamento ou chácara/sítio/fazenda, sem outros animais, cuja responsabilidade por eles é dividida, tendo o animal sido escolhido por terceiros e de uma raça específica. Não houve relação direta entre o vínculo e o modo de aquisição, mas diversas relações indiretas indicam que o vínculo é maior para quem adotou um cão de companhia do que para quem comprou um cão. No passar de um ano, o valor do vínculo diminuiu. Para evitar que este quadro se perpetue, é importante incentivar a adoção em detrimento da compra de cães de companhia, além de educar as crianças sobre o real valor dos animais e alterar a forma com que animais são representados na cultura e na mídia / With more than 50 million companion dogs, Brazil is the second largest world market for this segment, with a broad variety of products and services, including some that are typically human, revealing the anthropomorphic view of companion animals. Anthropomorphism allows the bonding between humans and animals, but it creates unreal expectations regarding the behavior of animals, which may cause grave consequences, such as abandonment. This may happen to purchased animals or animals received as gifts as well as to adopted animals, but there are differences between these types of acquisition. This research intended to identify similarities and differences in the process of acquiring a companion dog and to investigate the human-animal bond. Two Internet-based questionnaires were used, one to understand the acquisition process and one to measure the strength of the attachment to companion dogs (Dog Attachment Questionnaire). They were applied until one year of the acquisition of the dog and one year later. Most dogs are adopted (61.3%), followed by 26.3% of purchased dogs and 12.1% of dogs received as gifts. Adopting was associated with unplanned acquisitions, divorcees, lower education, older and neutered animals, taken as strays, mongrels, and chosen by the owner, residents at houses with more than one dog. Purchasing was associated with higher income, post-graduation, living in an apartment, younger people, married or single, planned acquisition, small animals and breed dogs. Receiving a dog as a gift was associated with lower education and income, living in a country house or farm, big and neutered animals. The human-animal bond is strengthened by the following factors: being young, female, single or divorced, with medium education and income, that chooses its own pet and is solely responsible for it, neutered dogs, strays, unplanned acquisition, living in a house, with more dogs. The human-animal bond is weakened by older, male, married owners, with high education and income, living in apartment or country house or farm, without other animals, shared responsibilities regarding the dog, animal chosen by others and having a specific breed. No direct association was found between bond and type of acquisition; however, several indirect associations indicate that the bond is stronger for those who adopted their companion animal than for those who purchased it. In one year period, the bond weakened. In order to avoid that this scenario perpetuates itself, its imperative to incentive adoption opposed to purchase of companion dogs, to educate children about the real value of animals and change the way they are represented culturally and in the media.

Esta pesquisa possui como tema o abandono de crianças e adolescentes em Instituições Totais. Teve início em 2010, a partir de uma notícia publicada pela Folha de São Paulo sobre uma menina que se encontrava esquecida em uma instituição psiquiátrica há mais de quatro anos. Além dela, outras crianças vivem situações semelhantes, pelo país afora. São crianças que se encontram esquecidas pelas famílias e pelas instituições. Sem formação e cuidados adequados, estão expostas a diversas situações de abuso e violência de todos os gêneros. Tal histórico e experiência propiciam a exploração sexual e econômica, a extrema marginalização nas ruas e em instituições psiquiátricas, além de constantes passagens por Fundações Casa. Neste sentido, um discurso que legitima a exclusão é construído para responder à completa ausência de reflexão sobre decisões banalizadas que operam à revelia do sujeito humano. É um discurso que legitima o desamparo a fim de se manter a exclusão. Mesmo diante de uma aparência de inclusão, os sistemas sociais de assistência àqueles que se encontram em situação de desamparo operam de modo impessoal e segregador. A partir da análise de um discurso construído ao longo da trajetória institucional da adolescente, desde seu nascimento até completar dezenove anos, por meio da consulta de seu processo judicial, foram levantadas importantes questões a respeito do caráter político do sofrimento psíquico e de como a subjetividade é negada e mortificada pela legitimação de um discurso médico-jurídico por meio da construção de uma identidade doente e reduzida a esta finalidade. A institucionalização do saber psicológico assume a totalidade das funções de controle social que determinam o padrão de conduta socialmente aceito e a partir dessa regulação, as condutas perturbadoras que precisam ser assistidas dentro dos inúmeros serviços maquiadamente assistencialistas que trazem em seu bojo os fundamentos da exclusão e do aniquilamento do suposto sujeito psíquico / This research has as its theme the abandonment of children and adolescents in Total Institutions. Started in 2010, from some news published by Folha de Sao Paulo, about a girl who was forgotten in a psychiatric institution for more than four years. There are other children living in similar situation all over the country who are neglected by their families and by Institutions. Without training and proper care, these children are exposed to several situations of abuse and violence of all kind. Such historical and experience give rise to economic and sexual exploitation, the extreme marginalization in the streets and in psychiatric institutions, and also for their attendance at House Foundations. In this sense, a discourse that legitimizes the exclusion is built to respond to a complete absence of reflection over trivialized decisions which operate in absentia of human being. It is a discourse that legitimizes the helplessness in order to maintain the exclusion. Even before an apparent inclusion, the social assistance systems to those who find themselves in a helplessness situation operate in an impersonal and segregationist way. From the analysis of a speech built along the trajectory of institutional teenager, from birth till nineteen, by consulting his lawsuit, there were raised important issues concerning to a political character of a suffering psychic and how the subjectivity is denied and mortified by the legitimation of a speech medico legal through a construction of a sick identity and reduced to this purpose. The institutionalization of psychological knowledge takes over all of the social functions that determine a standard of social behavior accepted from that regulation, disturbing comportment which need to be assisted within numerous pretended to be social care services that bring in its concept the fundaments of exclusion and annihilation of the alleged psychic person

When Department of Defense (DoD) personnel receive orders to relocate to a new duty installation, nearly one third abandon their companion animals, which negatively affects the local shelters' costs, personnel, and capabilities to provide quality care for shelter animals. There is a lack of research on relevant policies among local government policy makers, installation commanders, directors of animal shelters, and animal rights advocates about the abandonment of companion animals by DoD personnel. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive case study was to investigate the relationship between the influx of abandoned DoD companion animals and the management and logistical (including financial) operations of 2 publicly funded animal shelters near a Midwest DoD installation. The theoretical framework was Merton's theory of unintended consequences. Data were collected through interviews with 2 shelter directors, 10 surveys completed by shelter personnel, and a review of the shelters' logistical and financial documents spanning fiscal years 2013 - 2014. Data were analyzed after coding for themes and patterns. According to study findings, the abandonment of companion animals by DoD personnel has a negative impact on the shelters' finances, shelter personnel workload and stress, and the quality of life for incoming animals as well as those already in the shelters. The implications for positive social change are to inform policy makers of the importance of implementing policies to keep DoD companion animals with families, thereby easing transitions for those at risk, which helps to maintain the financial solvency of animal shelters, reduce stress for shelter personnel, and help companion animals to adjust as they are adopted into new homes.

<p>Produktnedläggning är ett sätt för företag att få bort produkter som inte presterar tillfredsställande. Tidigare studier har visat att företag med ordentliga rutiner kring produktavveckling har kunnat tillgodogöra sig flera fördelar i form av bland annat bättre lönsamhet och försäljning. Ändå har forskning visat att de flesta företag inte har några formella rutiner för nedläggning av produkter och att produktnedläggning inte ses som lika viktigt som andra produktaktiviteter. Av den anledningen studeras i denna uppsats hur väl utvecklade rutiner två utvalda företag har för avveckling av produkter.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur två utvalda företags rutiner för produktnedläggning ser ut. Resultaten jämförs sedan med den teoretiska referensramen samt mellan företagen i fråga för att urskilja likheter och olikheter.</p><p>Till denna uppsats har en kvalitativ metod använts för att klargöra hur företag går tillväga vid nedläggning av produkter. Genom intervjuer med AB Karl Hedin och Spendrups Bryggeri AB har empirisk data samlats in för att möjliggöra jämförelser företagen emellan samt med den teori som sammanställts.    </p><p>De två studerade företagen har helt skilda förfaranden kring produktavvecklingar. Spendrups har en högre grad av formalitet i sina nedläggningsprocesser där hela kedjan från uppkomsten av en produkt till en eventuell avveckling sker i samråd mellan projektledare, företagsledning och produktansvariga. AB Karl Hedin har inga utformade rutiner kring produktavveckling utan hanterar frågan på respektive ort.  Vad som orsakar produktnedläggning hos respektive företag är dålig lönsamhet och försäljning tillsammans med flera andra individuella faktorer.    </p> / <p>Product deletion is a method that companies can use to abandon products that are not performing satisfying. Studies have shown that companies with routines for product elimination have achieved several benefits in terms of higher sales volume and profitability. Nonetheless, research has proved that most companies do not have formal procedures for product deletion and that it is not considered quite as important as other product activities. For that reason, this essay will examine how highly developed the routines for product deletion are in two selected companies.</p><p>The purpose of the study is to observe the procedures for product deletion in two selected companies. The findings will then be compared between companies in the survey and related to the theory to define similarities and differences.</p><p>A qualitative method has been used to clarify how companies proceed when to abandon products. Empirical data has been collected by interviewing AB Karl Hedin and Spendrups Bryggeri AB for comparison to the theory and between the companies in our study in order to distinguish similarities and differences.</p><p>The companies in the study have different routines when it comes to deleting products. Spendrups has a higher level of formality in their elimination procedures where the top management together with project managers and product managers collaborate all the way from the birth of the product to a possible deletion. AB Karl Hedin has no formal routines for product abandonment. These questions are dealt with at each separate district. What cause the companies to eliminate a product are mainly low profitability and sales volume among several individual factors.  </p>

Produktnedläggning är ett sätt för företag att få bort produkter som inte presterar tillfredsställande. Tidigare studier har visat att företag med ordentliga rutiner kring produktavveckling har kunnat tillgodogöra sig flera fördelar i form av bland annat bättre lönsamhet och försäljning. Ändå har forskning visat att de flesta företag inte har några formella rutiner för nedläggning av produkter och att produktnedläggning inte ses som lika viktigt som andra produktaktiviteter. Av den anledningen studeras i denna uppsats hur väl utvecklade rutiner två utvalda företag har för avveckling av produkter. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur två utvalda företags rutiner för produktnedläggning ser ut. Resultaten jämförs sedan med den teoretiska referensramen samt mellan företagen i fråga för att urskilja likheter och olikheter. Till denna uppsats har en kvalitativ metod använts för att klargöra hur företag går tillväga vid nedläggning av produkter. Genom intervjuer med AB Karl Hedin och Spendrups Bryggeri AB har empirisk data samlats in för att möjliggöra jämförelser företagen emellan samt med den teori som sammanställts.     De två studerade företagen har helt skilda förfaranden kring produktavvecklingar. Spendrups har en högre grad av formalitet i sina nedläggningsprocesser där hela kedjan från uppkomsten av en produkt till en eventuell avveckling sker i samråd mellan projektledare, företagsledning och produktansvariga. AB Karl Hedin har inga utformade rutiner kring produktavveckling utan hanterar frågan på respektive ort.  Vad som orsakar produktnedläggning hos respektive företag är dålig lönsamhet och försäljning tillsammans med flera andra individuella faktorer. / Product deletion is a method that companies can use to abandon products that are not performing satisfying. Studies have shown that companies with routines for product elimination have achieved several benefits in terms of higher sales volume and profitability. Nonetheless, research has proved that most companies do not have formal procedures for product deletion and that it is not considered quite as important as other product activities. For that reason, this essay will examine how highly developed the routines for product deletion are in two selected companies. The purpose of the study is to observe the procedures for product deletion in two selected companies. The findings will then be compared between companies in the survey and related to the theory to define similarities and differences. A qualitative method has been used to clarify how companies proceed when to abandon products. Empirical data has been collected by interviewing AB Karl Hedin and Spendrups Bryggeri AB for comparison to the theory and between the companies in our study in order to distinguish similarities and differences. The companies in the study have different routines when it comes to deleting products. Spendrups has a higher level of formality in their elimination procedures where the top management together with project managers and product managers collaborate all the way from the birth of the product to a possible deletion. AB Karl Hedin has no formal routines for product abandonment. These questions are dealt with at each separate district. What cause the companies to eliminate a product are mainly low profitability and sales volume among several individual factors.

Although semi-natural grasslands in Europe are declining there is often a time delay in the local extinction of grassland species due to development of remnant populations, i.e., populations with an extended persistence despite a negative growth rate. The objectives of this study were to examine the occurrence of remnant populations after abandonment of semi-natural grasslands and to examine functional traits of plants associated with the development of remnant populations. We surveyed six managed semi-natural grasslands and 20 former semi-natural grasslands where management ceased 60-100 years ago, and assessed species response to abandonment, assuming a space-for-time substitution. The response of species was related to nine traits representing life cycle, clonality, leaf traits, seed dispersal and seed mass. Of the 67 species for which data allowed analysis, 44 species declined after grassland abandonment but still occurred at the sites, probably as remnant populations. Five traits were associated with the response to abandonment. The declining but still occurring species were characterized by high plant height, a perennial life form, possession of a perennial bud bank, high clonal ability, and lack of dispersal attributes promoting long-distance dispersal. Traits allowing plants to maintain populations by utilizing only a part of their life cycle, such as clonal propagation, are most important for the capacity to develop remnant populations and delay local extinction. A considerable fraction of the species inhabiting semi-natural grasslands maintain what is most likely remnant populations after more than 60 years of spontaneous succession from managed semi-natural grasslands to forest. / <p>authorCount :3</p>

This essay examines commitment and abandonment structured as two binary opposites informing For Whom the Bell Tolls. The intention behind this structuring is to highlight Hemingway’s message of the novel, set forth by the epigraph by Donne; everyone is part of mankind and every death diminishes everyone equally. The consistent structuring of characters can be seen by the fact that everyone who is committed, loyal and honest is punished while the reverse is true for people who abandon, desert and betray. The one exception to this is Pilar who, because of the role as a liberated woman given to her by Hemingway, is not included in this general categorization.

This thesis is part of a project funded by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) (now Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE)) to study the use of epoxy to plug hurricane damaged wells. Some of the wells destroyed by hurricanes are damaged to an extent that vertical intervention from the original wellhead is not possible. These wells have to be plugged to prevent future flows through the well to protect the environment. Cement is usually the preferred plugging material because it is very cheap compared to other materials like epoxy. However, cement can easily get contaminated by sea water or brines present in wells as completion fluids. Therefore, to be able to use cement it has to be placed at the bottom of the well by drilling an offset well all the way to the bottom of the original well. Epoxy, on the other hand, being much more chemically stable can be placed at the very top of the well and let to settle by gravity without fearing contamination. Therefore, in wells described above, epoxy can be much more economical than cement. Placing epoxy at the top of a well and letting it settle by gravity can also be more economical than using cement in other situations such as in a leaking annulus of a well where circulation in that annulus is not possible, or if a well that has been previously plugged starts leaking again after the rig has been removed. Placing epoxy in the manner described can be achieved without using a rig and therefore, would be much more economical than cement. One of the most important factors in this process is to be able to predict the settling velocity of the epoxy to be able to determine the required setting time of the epoxy so that the epoxy does not set prematurely. In addition, it is important to evaluate whether the epoxy can successfully settle to the bottom and how much of it will adhere to the pipe walls while freefalling. This thesis aims to design, build and run an experimental setup that would help study the settling velocity of epoxy. Some experiments were conducted to assess the effect of different parameters that might affect the settling velocity of the epoxy such as the epoxy’s density, the annulus size and the inclination angle. The results show that the settling velocity was proportional to the epoxy’s density. Also the settling speed was almost double in experiments done at an angle compared to experiments done at vertical position. The annulus size did not have any clear effect on the settling speed. The adhesion to the pipe walls was found to be proportional to the epoxy’s viscosity and angle of inclination and was inversely proportional to the annulus size.

En investigaciones previas sobre el acogimiento familiar y la adopción en Ayacucho, se ha podido descubrir cómo los ayacuchanos adquieren y producen relaciones sociales. Mientras negocian creativamente los discursos y espacios construidos simultáneamente por instituciones, comunidades, y estructuras sociales, van adquiriendo nuevas formas de relacionarse. Este artículo discute el proceso opuesto: el deshacerse de relaciones de parentesco, y el proceso social del abandono o alejamiento. Cuando se aleja a una persona de su familia o su comunidad, los que se quedan en ella llegan a entenderse como ciertos tipos de personas. En los estudios de caso discutidos aquí, recopilados a través de una detallada y cuidadosa observación participante  y  de entrevistas etnográficas grabadas entre 2001 y 2007, se puede ver cómo, después de un alejamiento social, los individuos que alejan se reinterpretan como sujetos que se encuentran superándose o volviéndose moderno, o bien sacrificándose. / In previous research on fostering and adoption in Ayacucho, I explored how amid the creative negotiation of discourses and spaces constructed by institutions, communities, and social structures, Ayacuchanos take up and produce new social relations. This article discusses the opposite process: undoing kinship, and the social process of abandonment or distancing. When a person is withdrawn from his or her family or community, those who remain come to understand themselves as certain kinds of persons. The case studies considered here, collected through careful participant observation and ethnographic interviews recorded between 2001 and 2007, reveal how, after social distancing or abandonment, the individuals who do the distancing reinterpret themselves as subjects who are improving themselves and becoming modern.

Orientador: Maria Regina Ribeiro Salotti / Banca: Paulo Roberto de Carvalho / Banca: Soraia Georgina Ferreira de Paiva Cruz / Resumo: Esta pesquisa olha para a infância como um sujeito em suas múltiplas imagens e representações constituídas em diferentes épocas. E, da mesma forma, analisa a história do nascimento das instituições assistenciais, as práticas, saberes e poderes que as constituem. Este enfoque, remete ao fato de que o surgimento das instituições de assistência às crianças e jovens abandonados caminha simultaneamente com as inúmeras medidas de cuidados e preservação da infância. Tal embasamento teórico norteou toda esta pesquisa, ao ponto em que o olhar sobre o abandono infantil e suas formas de atendimento, perpassou os séculos passados e foi deslocando-se até o contexto atual. Tudo isso aconteceu com o intuito de se resgatar a pluralidade de sentidos que inscreveram a história da Casa do Caminho, instituição de atendimento infantil, objeto deste estudo, situada em Londrina no estado do Paraná. Os resultados mostraram que a Casa já é um efeito das práticas disciplinares da Sociedade Moderna, Sociedade esta, que, através da sua política de desigualdades, facilita os processos de exclusão, ao mesmo tempo em que cria espaços de atendimento aos considerados errantes. Sendo assim, as crianças e jovens excluídos pelo sistema, são objetos do poder institucional que faz uso dos seguintes mecanismos disciplinares para controle de seus corpos: a organização do tempo, do espaço, a observação de cada gesto, palavra, ou, olhar. Esses sujeitos são aqueles sobre os quais o poder assistencial está autorizado a se exercer, com o objetivo de torná-los disciplinados e produtivos. Deste modo, a Casa do Caminho, é, enquanto instituição, objeto e sujeito das relações que estabeleceu em seu projeto histórico. Concomitantemente, as crianças e jovens que ali vivem, foram constituídos no desdobramento das tramas históricas que lhes deram identidade. / Abstract: This work takes childhood as an individual in its multiple images and meanings built up in different phases. And in the same way, it analyses the history of how guidance institutions started, their practice, knowledge and also the power that make them. This focus leads to the fact that the emergence of the institutions for the abandoned children and youth move simultaneously with ways of care and childhood conservation. This theory led to the conclusion of this work, so as to the way we see child abandonment and how it is treated, through the past centuries and the present time. All these things happened with the intention of bringing back the plurality of reasons which built the history of Casa do Caminho, childhood institution in Londrina, Paraná and the corpus of this work. The results pointed out that this institution is already an effect of the regiment of modern society. This society through inequalities makes the exclusion processes easier and at the same time work up ways of treating those considered wrong doers. Thus, the children and youth that are excluded by the system are objects of the institutional power that uses skilled mechanisms to control their bodies, such as time and space management, the observation of each gesture, work or way of looking. These individuals are those over whom the assistencial power is licensed to be practised, with the aim of being self-controlled and obedient. This way the Casa do Caminho is an institution, object and subjet of the relations which established in its historical project. And the young children who live there are built through out the history events that gave them their identity. / Mestre