Bakgrund: Abort är en process där en graviditet avslutas och styrs av abortlagen, som ändrades till sin nuvarande form år 1974. Kvinnan ska själv bestämma över sin graviditet. En abort kan ske via medicinska åtgärder eller genom kirurgiska åtgärder beroende på graviditetsvecka. Abort är en svår process för kvinnorna och det är kvinnan eget beslut. Det kan vara utmanande både för kvinnan och för sjuksköterskan som arbetar med aborter.   Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenheter i mötet med kvinnor som genomför abort.  Metod: Litteraturöversikten är baserad på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Alla artiklarna är granskade och godkända enligt etisk kommitté. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och är av medel eller hög kvalitet. Under analysen kategoriserades artiklarna genom likheter och skillnader och 5 kategorier framkom.   Resultat: De olika valda kategorierna som framkom i resultatet var: att känna engagemang och stolthet, att behöva stöd och hantera känslor, att möta kvinnan, att uppleva etiska och moraliska dilemman och att uppleva hinder och ett behov av mer utbildning inom abortvård.   Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten påvisade att sjuksköterskor upplevde mötet med kvinnorna som emotionellt och de sökte därför stöd från sin närmaste omgivning. Genom kvinnornas tacksamhet upplevde sjuksköterskorna engagemang till arbetet och ansåg sin roll vara stöttande och inte dömande. Dock kunde sjuksköterskorna uppleva en konflikt mellan personliga och professionella värderingar samt hinder i arbetet som grundas i ett stort antal patienter. / Background: Abortion is a process in which a pregnancy ends and is governed by the Abortion Act, which was changed to its present form in 1974. The woman determines about her pregnancy. An abortion can be done through medical measures or surgical procedures depending on weeks of pregnancy. Abortion is a difficult process for the women and it is the woman's own decision. It can be challenging for both the woman and the nurse working with abortions.  Aim: To describe nurse´s experiences in meeting women who going through an abortion.   Method: The literature review is based on 15 scientific articles from the CINAHL and PubMed databases. All articles are reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. The articles were quality checked and are of medium or high quality. During analyzes, the articles were categorized by similarities and differences and 5 categories.  Results: The various selected categories that emerged in the results were: feeling commitment and pride, needing support and dealing with emotions, meeting the woman, experiencing ethical and moral dilemmas and experiencing obstacles and needs for more education in abortion care.  Conclusion: The literature review showed that nurses perceived meeting the women as emotional and sought support from their surroundings. Through the women’s gratitude, the nurses experienced commitment to work and considered their role to be supportive and not judgmental. However, the nurses could experience conflicts between personal and professional values and obstacles in work based in many patients.

In the thesis "Gender Literary Analysis of the novel Revolutionary Road by Richard Yates" a qualitative interpretative analysis with aspects of discourse analysis is used to interpret the plot and characters from a gender perspective. These interpretations are based on the "resistant reading" method introduced by Judith Fetterley. The literary analysis concepts introduced by Pam Morris and Elaine Showalter are also used as a point of reference. The aim for the application of Gender as a methodological category is to reveal and find new potential meanings and interpretations of the whole story and its characters with respect to their gender identity. The key areas that are focused on are motherhood, emancipation.

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2007 / The study sought to develop guidelines that are aimed at improving Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) services that are rendered by public hospital based midwives. The researcher applied a qualitative and descriptive design. The study targeted midwives in the Bohlabela District, which has three hospitals. A non-probability purposive sampling was used to 6 midwives who are currently conducting TOP services in the hospitals. Data collection was both in-depth and conducted in face-to-face interviews with each participant. The findings of the study were analyzed, categorized into sub-themes, and revealed that midwives who conduct TOP services experience the following challenges, namely: inadequate human resource, poor infrastructure, lack of equipments, poor management support, and lack of support from doctors. Based on the findings of the study, it is imperative that all hospitals be designated centres for TOP services, so as to reduce the workload in the few hospitals that currently are inundated. The infrastructure needs to be improved, information about TOP services to the public has to be disseminated through awareness campaigns, and scarce skills allowances must be introduced. In addition, more staff members need to be employed. The study further recommends that the TOP policy guideline be reviewed in terms of allowing other competent health professionals to perform TOP. Chapter two discusses the literature review regarding the challenges that affect midwives who conduct TOP. In this study, theresearch compares the practice of TOP by the developing and developed countries, looks at related to laws at on TOP; gives an overview of sterilization Act in South Africa; mentions the amendments of laws on TOP; considers other legal restrictions; presents mandatory counseling for TOP clients; focuses on religious, cultural and traditional beliefs. The researcher has consulted different literatures, journals articles and website on challenges that affect midwives in rendering TOP in Limpopo, South Africa and world wild. Chapter three presents research methodology that consists of research design; area of study; population; sampling method; data collection method and procedure; ensuring trust worthiness; and ethical consideration, to be followed by limitation of the study. Chapter deals with data analysis and interpretation. Chapter five presents the researcher’s conclusions and recommendations.

Since the introduction of a new type of anti-abortion legislation in the United States which bans abortions after a fetal heartbeat can be detected, women’s options regarding abortion are being limited. How “problems” are represented or constituted in legislation shows that problems are time, place and context dependant. By using Carol Bacchi’s “What’s the problem represented to be?” approach to policy analysis, problem representations and subjectification effects in the heartbeat bills were identified. The problem representation of abortion as “lack of information” emerged as the central problem representation and the subject positions that were made available limits women’s choices regarding abortion. Fetal rights emerged as the core of the argumentation in the legislation, excluding women’s rights. How the problem of abortion is represented to be, the subjectification effects and the way rights are used and argued for in antiabortion legislation shows how they effectively limits women’s abortion choices.

Since the ruling of Roe v. Wade in 1973, controversy in regards to its acceptance in the U.S. remains prevalent politically and socially as opponents of abortion “pro-life” has adopted a strategy of “legal but inaccessible” that has resulted in the passage of several state laws since its establishment. This research project examines relationship between the level of support for abortion policy in the U.S. and some factors namely; Gender, Religious background, and Political ideology by drawing from an online-survey of 100 university students in the U.S. Also, it examines the difference in abortion rates among U.S. states that are governed by republican or democratic governors using abortion rate data of all 50 U.S. states including the District of Columbia for the year 2015 sourced from Abortion statistics and other data. Two statistical techniques were employed and they include: Chi-Square test and Independent sample T-test. Results from the chi-square tests support the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the support for abortion policy and gender, religious background, and political ideology. Also, from the T-test result, we found that there is no significant difference in abortion rates among U.S. states that are governed by republican or democratic governors. Findings based on the trend analysis of annual U.S. abortion from 1973-2015 shows that the reported annual abortion in the U.S. is on a continuous decrease since the 1990s even though abortion has been legalized in all U.S. states.

Whether it is social stigma or state policy, abortion seekers are facing an intense amount of obstacles when it comes to accessing their abortion in Texas during the pandemic. To better understand how COVID-19 affected the landscape of abortion access, it was necessary to listen to the experiences of abortion seekers during the pandemic. Experts in the field of abortion advocacy were also interviewed to provide perspective on the trajectory of abortion access during COVID-19. Abortion seekers were screened through a survey to ensure they met the criteria of getting an abortion, living in Texas, and being 18+ while experts in the field were contacted through my personal activist network. COVID-19 exacerbated challenges that already existed in the landscape of abortion access in Texas. Misinformation and managing the tentative scheduling of clinics are two of the most prominent exacerbated challenges abortion seekers experience. This is followed by an increase in exposure to unsupportive families as well as the expenses that come with traveling to appointments. The additional COVID-19 related restrictions created consequences that embodied themselves as delays in receiving abortion care, a much lonelier process, and tentative employment. A positive outcome of COVID-19 is the potential of abortion care being integrated into Telehealth services that would severely decrease the public harassment abortion seekers and providers experience from antis standing outside of clinics, travel expenses, and the lack of privacy some might feel when going into a clinic.

The research puzzle of this thesis is the global impact of the pro-life discourse of the Catholic Church on the public space in Latin America, using Nicaragua as an illustrative case. The aim is to understand in a global political perspective the transnational impact of the pro-life discursive strategy of the Catholic Church on the public space in Latin America during the period 1995-2020, and how international pro-life organizations have operated tactically to reach their goals. The thesis mainly uses the theory of transnational advocacy networks by Keck and Sikkink (1999) to study the transnational political impact of the pro-life discourse. The research method is based on critical discourse analysis, which has been used to analyse different data sources from international pro-life organizations. The conclusion is that the international pro- life organizations, operating as transnational advocacy networks in Latin America, have developed different political tactics, having a large impact on the public space. The case of Nicaragua is a clear example of how international pro-life organizations, operating as transnational advocacy networks, in collaboration with domestic pro-life groups, managed to put abortion on the political agenda since the 1990s, leading to the prohibition of abortion by the Sandinista government in 2007.

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This paper focuses on the discussion concerning legalization of the right to abortion on demand during The First Czechoslovak Republic. It uses the approach to discourse of Norman Fairclough and analyzes the discoursive types that were present in the discussion, with giving special attention to the communist discourse. Heterogenity of the communist discourse is revealed as well as the considerable change which took place after banning of abortions in Soviet Union in 1936. The analysis specially focuses on the role of arguments about individual human rights, specifically the right to make decisions about one's own body. It concerns further with the approach to the developing human life as well as women's sexuality and the role of women in the reproduction of the nation. Key words: abortion, communist discourse, Rozsévačka, The First Czechoslovak Republic

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is one potential risk factor for spontaneous abortion (SAb). Prior research suggested that heavy drinking during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased rates of SAb, but results for lower levels of drinking have been inconsistent. We examined the association between different levels and patterns of prenatal alcohol consumption and SAb in a high-risk inner-city sample. We hypothesized that higher levels, binge patterns, and more frequent drinking would be associated with increased rates of SAb. The quantity and frequency of self-reported peri-conceptional and repeated in-pregnancy maternal drinking volumes per beverage type were assessed with semi-structured interviews in a prospective subsample of 302 African-American mothers. Relations between various measures of prenatal alcohol exposure and SAb were assessed using logistic regression. After controlling for various potential confounders, there was a significant positive relation between average absolute alcohol use per day across pregnancy and SAb. Greater frequency of drinking episodes also predicted SAb: an average of even one day of drinking per week across pregnancy was associated with an increase in the incidence of SAb. However, contrary to our hypothesis, neither the amount of alcohol drunk per drinking day nor a measure of binge drinking was significantly related to SAb after controlling for confounders. Differences in when women who drank at risk levels initiated antenatal care may have under-estimated the impact of alcohol on SAb in this low-SES urban African-American sample. Some drinking measures averaged across pregnancy may have under-estimated consumption and overestimated risk of SAb, but other risk drinking measures that avoid this limitation show similar relations to SAb. Identifying fetal risk drinking in pregnant women is critical to increasing the effectiveness of interventions that reduce risk level alcohol consumption and protect from pregnancy loss.