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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
701

Expériences et normes liées à la procréation au Cameroun : Une ethnographie locale à partir de l’exemple du recours à l’avortement à Eséka et à Maroua / Experience and norms related to procreation in Cameroon : A local ethnography from the example of abortion in Eséka and Maroua

Ngo Yebga, Noël Solange 17 March 2015 (has links)
Notre thèse porte sur le recours à l’avortement au Cameroun dans deux villes, Eséka et Maroua. Nous avons pour ambition de comprendre les sollicitations liées au recours à l’avortement en milieu urbain dans un contexte où existent des dispositions médicales et légales particulières. Une étude empirique a été réalisée dans les deux localités. De ce travail de terrain, nous avons observé qu’il existe pour les femmes au niveau médical, la possibilité d’une prise en charge des soins après un avortement, quelles que soient les conditions de sa réalisation. Au niveau légal, la décision d’avorter en dehors des conditions légales définies reste problématique pour les femmes et pour ceux qui recourent à l’avortement en dehors de ce cadre-là. Nous affirmons que les normes procréatives auxquelles les femmes sont confrontées au quotidien, surtout celles relatives à la grossesse en particulier, peuvent les amener à recourir à l’avortement, bien que cela soit fortement et légalement réglementé. L’approche du sujet associe à la fois la théorie sociologique de l'expérience, la démarche ethnographique du contexte (global et local) et l'étude des cas liés au recours à l'avortement. Partant de cette perspective, nous analysons le recours à l’avortement à partir des expériences et vécus individuels des femmes en matière de procréation et de la grossesse d’une part, ainsi qu’à partir des difficultés liées aux normes imposées par les institutions sociales comme la famille ou l’État d’autre part. Il s’agit surtout de montrer par cet exemple local, les difficultés de mise en œuvre des recommandations formulées à l’échelle internationale au niveau local dans le cas particulier de l’avortement. / Our thesis is about the abortion in Cameroon in two cities Eséka and Maroua. We aim to understand the stresses related to abortion in urban areas in a context where there are specific medical and legal provisions. An empirical study was conducted in two locations. This fieldwork, we observed that there is for women at the medical level, the possibility of support for post-abortion care, regardless of the conditions of its realization. From a legal standpoint, the decision to have an abortion outside the defined legal requirements remains problematic for women and for those who resort to abortion outside this framework. We affirm that procreative norms that women face daily, in particular those related to pregnancy, can encourage them to resort to abortion, although this is highly regulated. The theoretical framework combines both sociological theory of experience, the ethnographic approach of the context (global and local) and the cases studies related to abortion. From this perspective, we analyze the abortion from the experiences and individual stories of women related to procreation and pregnancy in one hand, as well as from difficulties related to norms imposed by social institutions like the family or the State in the other hand. This is mostly to show through this specific experience, implementation challenges that come with the translation of recommendations made at the international level to the local level in the particular case of abortion.
702

The Undue Burden Standard: The Effects of Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) on State Abortion Laws

Burlage, G. Rachel 08 1900 (has links)
This thesis examines the effects of the change from strict scrutiny to the undue burden standard in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992). A history of abortion in the United States and the various ways in which government regulates it is explored. Particular attention is focused on the role of the federal judiciary in abortion regulation. Theories of judicial decision making are discussed as means to understand the outcome of cases. Several models are tested to determine which, if any, model explains judicial decision making. The effect of the change in standard, as well as an alternate precedent, are examined.
703

Vivencias de mulheres que sofreram violência sexual e solicitaram interrupção legal de gestação / Experiences of women who suffered sexual violence and requested legal abortion

Godoy, Carolina Leme Machado de, 1982- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Arlete Maria dos Santos Fernandes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T19:06:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Godoy_CarolinaLemeMachadode_D.pdf: 1344037 bytes, checksum: de6250ecc41f8c6382e03867a48830be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Introdução: a lei brasileira garante interrupção legal de gestação (IL) para os casos de violência sexual (VS) desde 1940. A consequência do aborto na vida emocional das mulheres tem motivado estudos em diferentes países com resultados controversos. Objetivos: conhecer as vivências das mulheres que sofreram VS e solicitaram IL de gestação em serviço de referência em São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo exploratório e qualitativo baseado em entrevistas diretas semiestruturadas com amostra proposital, utilizando critério de saturação de informação. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e inseridas no programa The Ethnograph V6.0, e definidas categorias que serviram para análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: Dez mulheres que realizaram IL e outras três com solicitações negadas ou que desistiram do procedimento participaram da pesquisa. Todas com idade entre 18 e 38 anos e escolaridade 'maior ou igual' 8 anos, entrevistadas após 1 a 5 anos do procedimento de IL. As mulheres sentiram a VS como vergonhosa, mantiveram segredo e não procuraram atendimento imediato; relatando sentimentos de choque, medo, choro constante e desespero. O diagnóstico da gravidez foi desesperador, provocou angústia e o desejo imediato de interrupção. As mulheres desconheciam o direito à IL e onde deveriam buscar ajuda. Para as que procuraram primeiramente o setor privado de saúde as orientações foram precárias, diferentemente daquelas que procuraram atendimento público. Encontrar o serviço de referência foi motivo de alívio; a espera pela resposta à solicitação da IL foi marcada por ansiedade e medo de recusa. Após o procedimento, as variáveis ter religião católica, visualizar o feto no momento da expulsão e perceber reações negativas por parte de membros da equipe de atendimento foram aspectos apontados como dificultadores do processo de elaboração da experiência da IL. Após a IL foram relatados sentimentos de alívio, vazio e tristeza. Em longo prazo não houve arrependimento; apesar disso, as mulheres precisaram lidar com sentimentos de culpa e dificuldades para retomar suas práticas religiosas. O estudo não alcançou saturação de informação para avaliar vivências após negação da IL, realizou-se, então, estudo de casos. A única mulher entrevistada para a qual a IL foi negada pelo serviço evoluiu com aborto espontâneo e as vivências relatadas foram semelhantes àquelas das que haviam realizado IL. Para as duas mulheres que desistiram da IL e assumiram a gestação, a decisão delas próprias e o apoio familiar consistente mostraram-se relevantes para o bom desenvolvimento do vínculo com o bebê; ambas negaram arrependimento por suas decisões. Conclusão: foi evidente a complexidade das vivências das mulheres que sofreram VS e precisaram recorrer à IL, sendo esta realizada ou não. Além do impacto da agressão sofrida, as mulheres também revelaram o impacto das sanções morais e religiosas. Na realidade brasileira, há necessidade da criação de serviços de apoio que não estejam ligados diretamente aos serviços de referência para IL, a fim de dar suporte às demandas emocionais das mulheres e oferecer possibilidade de reestruturação; além da promoção de reflexões no campo da saúde, dos direitos humanos e da proteção social / Abstract: Introduction: Brazilian law ensures legal abortion (LA) for cases of sexual violence (SV) since 1940. The emotional consequences of abortion for women's life has motivated studies in different countries with controversial results. Objectives: to know the experiences of women who have suffered SV and requested LA in referral service in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Exploratory qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews conducted with women selected through purposeful sampling. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematic analysis of content was performed with the aid of The Ethnograph V6.0 program, and defined categories that served to thematic content analysis. Results: Ten women who underwent LA and three with requests denied or dropped out of the procedure were interviewed after 1-5 years of IL, all aged between 18-38 years and schooling "higher or equal" 8 years. The women felt the SV as shameful, kept secret and did not seek immediate care; reporting feelings of shock, fear, constant crying and despair. The diagnosis of pregnancy was despairing, caused anguish and immediate abortion desire. The women were unaware of the right to LA and where they should seek for help. For those who first sought the private health sector orientation were poor, unlike those who sought public service. Find the referral service was reliefing; waiting for a response to the LA request was marked by anxiety and fear of refusal. After the procedure, the variables having catholic religion, seeing the fetus during the procedure and negative reactions from members of the care team were pointed as hindering elements of this experience. After the LA feelings of relief, emptiness and sadness were reported. In the long term, there was no regret regarding the decision, however, feelings of guilt and difficulties in resuming their religious practices appeared. The study did not reach saturation information to evaluate to assess the women¿s experiences who did not have the legal abortion, so case studies were done. The only woman interviewed for which the LA was denied by the service, had a spontaneous abortion and reported similar experiences to those who underwent LA. For the two women who dropped out of the LA and carried the pregnancy to term, the decision made by themselves and consistent family support were relevant to promote link with the pregnancy and the baby; both of them reported no regret regarding their decision. Conclusion: it was evident the complexity of the experiences of women who have suffered SV and had to underwent LA. Besides the impact of aggression, women also revealed the impact of moral and religious sanctions. In Brazil, there is need for the creation of support services that are not directly linked to referral services for LA in order to support women¿s emotional demands and offer possibility of restructuring; in addition to promoting reflections in the field of health, human rights and social protection / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Doutora em Tocoginecologia
704

Efeito do extrato  de Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) sobre a implantação e o desenvolvimento embrinário e placentário em camundongos. / Effect of Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) extract on implantation and placental and embryonic development in mice.

Camila Figueira Mendes 19 March 2012 (has links)
Nos dias atuais, a utilização de fitoterápicos tem crescido acentuadamente. No Brasil, um país cuja flora nativa é riquíssima, tem-se investido substancialmente em pesquisas nesta área. Isto se deve, em parte, à necessidade de novos medicamentos, ao interesse na comercialização destes produtos, ao interesse na preservação da cultura popular e da reserva da flora nacional. Paralelamente a este cenário, está a crença de que medicamentos fitoterápicos são inofensivos em circunstâncias especiais tais como: gravidez, hipertensão, diabetes, etc. É como se os fitoterápicos atuassem especificamente sobre uma determinada patologia não sobre o metabolismo como um todo. A Mikania glomerata Sprengel, conhecida popularmente como guaco e originária da América do Sul, é uma planta subarbustiva, que nasce nas matas e cerrados e, que se adapta muito bem ao cultivo doméstico. Ela é vastamente utilizada pela população no tratamento de doenças como a asma, bronquite, e reumatismo, além de possuir efeito antifúngico, antimicrobiano, antialérgico, antiinflamatório e antiofídico, na grande maioria das vezes administrada sem supervisão de profissionais da área da saúde. Neste estudo, nosso objetivo é estudar a possível ação do extrato vegetal de Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) no perfil reprodutivo e gestacional de camundongos (Mus musculus domesticus) e determinar se a administração desta droga pode comprometer o embrião/feto e placenta durante a prenhez. Este estudo mostrou que a utilização do extrato de Mikania glomerata em doses supra-terapêuticas pode atuar sobre processos morfofuncionais orgânicos, interferindo no crescimento placentário e fetal e podendo levar ao insucesso gestacional e ao aparecimento de defeitos congênitos. Além disto, a diminuição do crescimento fetal observado nas doses consideradas terapêuticas também é um alerta para o uso inadvertido do extrato de guaco sem acompanhamento médico devido, em qualquer período gestacional. / Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants has grown dramatically. In Brazil, a country whose native flora is rich, has invested substantially in research in this area. This is due in part to the need for new drugs, the interest in marketing these products, the interest in the preservation of popular culture and the reserve of national flora. In parallel with this scenario is the belief that phitotherapeutics are harmless in special circumstances such as pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes, etc. It is as if the herbal acted specifically in a determinate disease not on the metabolism as a whole. The Mikania glomerata Sprengel, popularly known as guaco and originating from South America, is a plant undergrowth, which rises in the forests and savannahs, and that lends itself very well to domestic cultivation. It is widely used by local people in the treatment of diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and rheumatism, as well as having antifungal effect, antimicrobial, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-snakebite, in most cases administered without the supervision of health professionals. In this study, our goal is to study the possible action of plant extract of Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) in pregnancy and reproductive profile of mice (Mus musculus domesticus) and determine whether the administration of this drug may affect the embryo / fetus and placenta during pregnancy . This study showed that the use of extract of Mikania glomerata at supratherapeutic doses can act on morphofunctional organic processes, interfering with fetal and placental growth and could lead to pregnancy failure as well as contribute to the appearance of birth defects. Furthermore, the decrease in fetal growth observed in therapeutic doses is also considered a warning to the inadvertent use of the extract guaco without medical supervision because, at any gestational period.
705

Uso da vacina cepa rugosa RB51 contra brucelose em fêmeas bovinas gestantes em diferentes estágios de gestação / Use of vaccine against brucellosis cepa rough in female bovine in different stages of pregnancy

Barbosa, Adriana Agostini 03 September 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana AgostiniBarbosa Dissertacao.pdf: 538302 bytes, checksum: c36d0c2df8e149074cc1842c43e8bb73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-03 / Field strains of Brucella abortus, as well as the vaccines made of antigens from portions of S19 lipopolysaccharides (LPS), induce the same specific antibody, what makes very difficult to distinguish by means of serologic tests vaccinated animals and those infected. To avoid serologic interference with diagnosis it is used a vaccine that does not induce O-lipopolysaccharide (O-LPS) antibodies, that is, a rough strain that does not induce agglutinating antibodies. A Brucella abortus strain that does not induce agglutinating antibodies was isolated in the 80 s and, when used as a vaccine, offers protection without interfering with usual serologic methods, even in adult cows. Some works indicate that the rough strain is safe when inoculated in pregnant females, but only when reduced dose as used. The use of normal doses in pregnant cows is not recommended, what leads to potential failures of immunization programs. Literature information does not allow for stating if such vaccine at normal doses is safe when administrated to pregnant cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of a full dose vaccine made of a rough strain (1.0-3.4 × 1010 colony forming units - CFU) (Brucelina Rebeccin Vallée Brazil) in pregnant cows at different stages of pregnancy. The study was conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment used 96 female bovines of mixed breed (Bos taurus x Bos indicus), nulliparous and multiparous, at three different pregnancy stages (initial stage: TI, middle stage: TC, and final stage: TF), randomly assigned to two groups (treated and control T or C), composed of 6 treatments with 16 animals. After vaccine administration, the animals were kept together on brachiaria grass pastures with mineral supplementation. The following variables werw compared using X2 test of the following variables: Percentage of calves born, percentage of live calves 60 days after delivery and number of seropositive cows and calves during such period. A 5% chance was deemed as significant. No differences were seen between treatments in each period or when periods were analyzed all together for the percentage of calves born alive and healthy (87.5; 87.5; 93.8; 93.8. 81.3 and 100%) or for the calves alive 60 days after delivery (75.0; 87.5; 87.5; 87.5. 81.3 and 93.8%) - p>0.05 for TI-C, TM-C, TF-C, TI-T, TM-T and TF-T, respectively). No animal was found to be seropositive in the usual detection tests (fast seroagglutination) at 60 days of age. It was concluded that the administration of vaccine Brucelina Rebeccin at any pregnancy stage is safe for bovine females, since it does not lead to fetal losses nor interferes with calves feasibility after birth. Additionally, the use of such product in the vaccination of pregnant cows does not lead to the formation of antibodies that can be detected by the usual diagnostic tests for brucellosis in calves and cows / Cepas de Brucella abortus de campo, assim como as vacinas feitas com antígenos de partes de células lisas S19 (LPS), induzem um mesmo anticorpo específico, que a torna difícil de distinguir animais vacinados e animais infectados. Para evitar a interferência sorológica no diagnóstico se usa uma vacina que não induz anticorpos contra o polissacárido O (O-LPS), isto é, uma cepa rugosa não indutora de anticorpos aglutinantes. A cepa de Brucella abortus não indutora de anticorpos aglutinantes foi isolada na década de 1980 e a vacinação com essa, confere proteção sem interferir nos métodos sorológicos usuais, mesmo em vacas adultas. Alguns trabalhos indicam que a cepa rugosa é segura quando inoculado em fêmeas gestantes, porém apenas na dose reduzida. A utilização em doses normais para vacas gestantes não é recomendada. Esta situação pode levar à possíveis falhas de imunização, por não ser possível vacinar esta categoria animal de relevante importância na disseminação da doença. As informações da literatura não permitem afirmar se esta vacina, em doses normais é segura para fêmeas bovinas gestantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a segurança da vacinação com a dose completa de uma vacina produzida com cepa rugosa (1,0-3,4 × 1010 unidades formadoras de colônias - UFC), Brucelina Rebeccin Vallée Brasil, em fêmeas gestantes nos diferentes estágios de gestação. O estudo foi desenvolvido no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram utilizadas 96 fêmeas bovinas mestiças (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) soronegativas ao teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT), em três períodos gestacionais (terço inicial: TI, médio: TM e final: TF), divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos, tratado e controle (T ou C), constituindo 6 tratamentos com 16 animais. Após a aplicação da vacina foram mantidas juntas, em pastagem de capim brachiaria com suplementação mineral. Comparou-se os grupos utilizando o teste de X2 as seguintes variáveis: gestações à termo; bezerros vivos aos 60 dias pós-parto e a ocorrência de bezerros soropositivos neste período. Considerou-se como significância 5% de probabilidade. Não foram observadas diferenças entre tratamentos em cada um dos períodos, nem quando os períodos foram analisados em conjunto para gestações à termo (87,5; 87,5; 93,8; 93,8, 81,3 e 100%) nem para bezerros vivos aos 60 dias (75,0; 87,5; 87,5; 87,5, 81,3 e 93,8%) - p>0,05, para TI-C, TM-C, TF-C, TI-T, TM-T e TF-T, respectivamente). Não foi encontrado nenhum animal soropositivo aos testes usuais de detecção (soroaglutinação rápida) aos 60 dias de idade. Conclui-se que a aplicação da vacina Brucelina Rebeccin® em qualquer fase da gestação é segura para fêmeas bovinas, pois não provoca perdas da gestação ou interfere na viabilidade dos bezerros após o nascimento. Adicionalmente, a vacinação das fêmeas gestantes com o produto não leva à formação de anticorpos que possam ser detectados nos testes usuais de diagnóstico para brucelose.
706

A Fetus By Any Other Name: How Words Shaped the Fetal Personhood Movement in US Courts and Society (1884-1973)

January 2020 (has links)
abstract: The 1973 Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade was a significant event in the story of fetal personhood—the story of whether embryos and fetuses are legal persons. Roe legalized abortion care in the United States (US). However, the story of fetal personhood began long before the 1970s. People have been talking about embryos, fetuses, and their status in science, the law, and society for centuries. I studied the history of fetal personhood in the United States, tracing its origins from Ancient Rome and Medieval England to its first appearance in a US courtroom in 1884 and then to the Supreme Court’s decision in 1973. But this isn’t a history of events—of names and dates and typical details. This is a history of words. In the twenty-first century, words used to discuss embryos and fetuses are split. Some people use humanizing language like “unborn children” and “human life.” Others use technical words like “embryos” and “fetuses.” I studied what words people used historically. I charted how words moved from science to the public to the law, and how they impacted court rulings on fetal personhood. The use of certain words nudged courts to grant additional rights to embryos and fetuses. In the 1960s, writers began describing the science of development, using words like “unborn child” and humanizing descriptions to make embryos and fetuses seem like people already born. That helped build an idea of embryos and fetuses as having “life” before birth. When people began asking courts to legalize abortion care in the 1970s, attorneys on the opposite side argued that embryos and fetuses were “human life,” and that that “life” began at conception. In those cases, “life” was biologically defined as when sperm fertilized egg, but it was on that biological definition “life” that judges improperly rested their legal rulings that embryos and fetuses were “potential human life” states had a duty to protect. It wasn’t legal personhood, but it was a legal status that let states pass laws restricting abortion care and punishing pregnant people for their behavior, trends that threaten people’s lives and autonomy in the twenty-first century. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2020
707

Discourse, Meaning-Making, and Emotion: The Pressure to have a “Feminist Abortion Experience”

Siegel, Derek 02 July 2019 (has links)
During interviews with self-identified feminists (n=27), respondents express discomfort when their abortion experiences fail to match perceived expectations from the pro-choice movement. They describe a “feminist abortion experience” as eliciting a sense of relief, empowerment, and detachment. An “anti-feminist abortion,” on the other hand, involves sadness, ambivalence, and a high attachment to the pregnancy. Respondents not only self-police this boundary but also perform emotion work to change an undesirable emotional state. First, I ask how pro-choice norms and constructed and perpetuated? I find that people learn what is expected of them from the contents of pro-choice discourse and learn about undesirable emotions from their absence in pro-choice discourse. Second, I ask how feminists manage discrepancies between these perceived expectations (how they believe they “should” feel) and their actual experiences. In particular, what motivates them to change their feeling states in the event of such a discrepancy? Extending Arlie Hochschild’s feeling rules framework (1979), I argue that because of respondents’ personal and collective identities as feminists, they feel obligated to other people in the movement to have the “right kind of abortion.” Whereas the feeling rules framework suggests that people perform emotion work to achieve an ideal feeling state, I argue that they also work to avoid stigmatized emotions. Lastly, I hypothesize that personal and collective identities might also explain emotion work in other social movement contexts. When a movement politicizes and promotes certain emotions, members will feel obligated to match these norms.
708

Kvinnors upplevelse av att genomgå medicinsk abort i hemmet : En litteraturstudie / Women´s experience of having a medical abortion at home : A literature study

Trulsson, Erika, Johannesson, Beatrice January 2021 (has links)
Background The majority of all abortions performed in Sweden are medical and performed at home, despite this there is a lack of research on women's experience. Since the abortion law came, it has looked different. Today, the abortion law is better developed and places demands on the healthcare staff who must have a positive attitude to the woman's decision, as well as show respect and empathy. The aim was to describe women's experience of doing a medical abortion at home. Method A general literature study with an inductive approach was used. Both quantitative and qualitative articles, as well as a mixed method constitute the result, a total of nine result articles. Results show that women experience contact with care staff as deficient during the performance of the abortion at home. Adequate information was also lacking. The safe home environment contributed to a strengthened integrity and closeness to the partner and the family. The analysis resulted in three categories:Women's experiences of having an abortion without the presence of healthcare staff, Women's experiences of the safe home environment in connection with medical abortion at home and Women's experiences of being prepared for medical abortion at home. Conclusion In order for women to feel safe in the event of a medical abortion at home, it is necessary that healthcare staff are available throughout the process. The information women receive before abortion at home can be decisive for how the experience will be. / Bakgrund Majoriteten av alla aborter som utförs i Sverige är medicinska och utförs i hemmet, trots detta saknas det forskning kring kvinnors upplevelse. Sedan abortlagen kom har den sett olika ut. Idag är abortlagen bättre utvecklad och ställer krav på sjukvårdspersonalen som ska ha en positiv inställning till kvinnans beslut, samt visa respekt och empati. Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av att genomgå en medicinsk abort i hemmet. Metod En allmän litteraturstudie med en induktiv ansats användes. Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar, samt en mixad metod utgör resultatet, totalt nio resultatartiklar. Resultat visar att kvinnor upplever kontakten med vårdpersonalen som bristfällig under utförandet av aborten i hemmet. Även adekvat information saknades. Den trygga hemmiljön bidrog till en stärkt integritet och närhet till partnern och familjen. Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier: Kvinnors upplevelser av att genomgå abort utan närvaro av vårdpersonal, Kvinnors upplevelser av den trygga hemmiljön i samband med medicinsk abort i hemmet och Kvinnors upplevelser av att vara förberedd inför medicinsk abort i hemmet. Konklusion För att kvinnorna ska känna trygghet vid medicinsk abort i hemmet krävs det att vårdpersonal finns tillgängliga under hela processen. Informationen kvinnorna får inför abort i hemmet kan vara avgörande för hur upplevelsen kommer bli.
709

Rethinking abortion access for women in conflict and post-conflict situations in Nigeria

Ikenye, Esther Adilli 27 May 2021 (has links)
Historically, women in conflict and post-conflict situations have on the basis of their status been subjected to harmful and discriminatory practices which run contrary to international, regional and domestic provisions guaranteeing various human rights including the rights to freedom from torture, cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment; discrimination; violence; privacy and autonomous decision making within the context of healthcare etc. Whereas recent years have seen an improvement in State responses globally, in Nigeria the experiences of women in conflict and post-conflict situations remain deplorable. Despite the ratification of various international and regional treaties in this regard, issues revolving around access to safe abortion remain problematic. They are also further complicated by questions of holistic adoption and implementation of ratified instruments in this regard. Consequently, though consensus has been achieved on paper, implementation remains a mirage particularly across the Middle Belt region and the Northeast which are grappling with farmer-herder conflict and insurgency by proscribed armed groups respectively. This mini-dissertation discusses in-depth the current framework for the protection of women’s reproductive health and rights related to access to abortion services in conflict and post-conflict situations in Nigeria in view of international and regional human rights obligations, highlighting the challenges and prospects and identifies key opportunities for consideration in the protection of these rights by municipal law. This research is relevant to legal, ethical and social discourses as well as issues of policy formulation and implementation related to reproductive health and rights protection in conflict and post-conflict situations within Nigeria. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2021. / NRF / Centre for Human Rights / LLM / Unrestricted
710

Kvinnors upplevelser av omvårdnaden i samband med en abort : En litteraturöversikt / Women’s experiences of nursing during an abortion : A literature review

Falk, Amanda, Lowén, Caroline January 2020 (has links)
Bakgrund: Globalt genomfördes ungefär 56 miljoner aborter år 2014 och i Sverige genomförs årligen omkring 35–38000 aborter. Det finns olika anledningar till att kvinnorna väljer att avbryta sina graviditeter. Några av sakerna är att det är fel tidpunkt i livet, socioekonomiska faktorer, brist på utbildning och att förhållandet till partnern inte är stabilt. Det finns studier som visat att en av fyra kvinnor och endast hälften av deras partners, varit nöjda med vården vid en abort. Det är därför viktigt att belysa kvinnors upplevelser av omvårdnaden och öka kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor om hur de bäst kan stödja kvinnor som genomgår en abort. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av omvårdnaden i samband med en abort. Metod: Litteraturöversikten baserades på 15 stycken vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och PsycINFO. Resultat: Kvinnors upplevelser av omvårdnaden i samband med en abort var främst att de fick en bristande information och en otillräcklig smärtlindring. Resultatet visade även att det är viktigt att få ett bra stöd och ett neutralt och icke-dömande bemötande från sjuksköterskor och närstående. Det var även viktigt för kvinnor att få bestämma över sin egen abort. Slutsats: En abort är komplex då det innebär både fysisk och emotionell smärta. Det är viktigt att kvinnorna får information om aborten och hur den kan påverka dem fysiskt och emotionellt. Sjuksköterskor måste även vara anpassningsbara och lyhörda för olika behov, samt ge ett professionellt och neutralt stöd. Detta eftersom en abort ofta är fylld av skuld och skam. / Background: Globally, approximately 56 million abortions were performed in 2014 and in Sweden about 35–38000 abortions are performed annually. There are various reasons why women choose to end their pregnancies. Some of the things are that there is the wrong time in life, socio-economic factors, lack of education and that the relationship with the partner is not stable. There are studies that show that one in four women and only half of their partners have been satisfied with the nursing care during an abortion. It is therefore important to describe women's experiences of nursing and to increase knowledge about their experiences in how to best support women who undergo an abortion. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe women´s experiences of nursing during an abortion. Method: A literature review based on 15 scientific articles from the databases CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. Results: The women's experiences of the nursing care during an abortion were mainly that they received a lack of information and insufficient pain relief. The results also showed the importance of a good support and a neutral and non-judgmental treatment from the nurses and the relatives. It was also important for women being able to decide on their own abortion. Conclusion: An abortion is complex as it involves both physical and emotional pain. It is important that women get information about the abortion and how it can affect them physically and emotionally. Nurses must also be adaptable and responsive for different needs, as well as provide professional and neutral support. This because an abortion is often filled with guilt and shame.

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