Sex education policies and programs in Florida are largely dominated by the abstinence-only approach. This paper makes the case that abstinence-only education is a failing policy in Florida, and evaluates strategies advocates may use in order to accomplish reform. Three different strategies are evaluated: countywide school district reform, statewide rejection of federal abstinence-only funding, and statewide standardization of sex education via legislation. Contrasts are drawn between all three strategies with regard to their potential impact on sex education policy in Florida, viability, and the challenges they present to advocates. This paper concludes that statewide standardization of sex education in Florida represents the best way to remedy the problem of insufficient sex education, but is unlikely to occur without increased bipartisan support in the Florida legislature. Statewide rejection of Title V federal abstinence-only funds remains an important policy goal for the purpose of accomplishing an end to federal abstinence grants but would likely achieve very little for Florida's students. Countywide sex education changes are thus far the only substantive victory for sex education advocates in Florida and should be instituted across the state with advocates taking special care to engage teachers, medical professionals, parents and local community leaders.

Bakgrund : Barnmorskor står för kvinnors rätt att utföra ett graviditetsavbrytande. Ibland är det svårt att utföra en god vård på grund av bristande förutsättningar upplever barnmorskor. Syfte : Att undersöka barnmorskors erfarenheter av vård vid graviditetsavbrytanden. Frågeställningar: Anser barnmorskor att det finns förutsättningar för att utföra en god och säker vård? Är barnmorskor tillfredsställda med den vård som utförs? Metod : Enkätstudie med kvantitativ ansats, tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv statistik. Webbenkäten lades ut i Facebookgrupper. Inklusionskriterierna var att deltagaren skulle vara legitimerad barnmorska, arbetat med graviditetsavbrytanden någon gång de senaste 10 åren och då varit verksam i Sverige. Resultat: Barnmorskorna önskade mer utbildning om graviditetsavbrytande, framför allt ytterligare utbildning om psykologiskt perspektiv och ett större antal verksamhetsförlagda utbildningsdagar avsatta till graviditetsavbrytande. Barnmorskorna ansåg att lokalerna inte var anpassade för graviditetsavbrytande och att befintligt material fanns att tillgå var bristfälligt. Majoriteten av deltagarna önskade att det fanns fler barnmorskor på arbetsplatsen för att få mer tid till att vårda patienter. Barnmorskorna kände att de hade bra stöd av varandra i personalgruppen och kände arbetstillfredsställelse. Konklusion : Det finns flertalet förbättringsområden som lokalers utformning, personalbrist och utbildning som behöver åtgärder för att barnmorskor ska få förutsättningar att ge en god vård vid graviditetsavbrytanden. / Bakgrund : Barnmorskor står för kvinnors rätt att avbryta en graviditet. Barnmorskor har dock ibland svårt att ge en bra vård på grund av bristande goda förutsättningar. Syfte : Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka barnmorskors erfarenheter av vård av graviditetsavbrytande. Frågor: Anser barnmorskorna att de har de förutsättningar som krävs för att ge en säker och god vårdkvalitet? Är barnmorskor nöjda med vården? Metod: Enkätstudie med kvantitativ ansats, tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv statistik. Nätundersökningen lades ut i Facebook-grupper. Inklusionskriterierna var att deltagaren skulle vara legitimerad barnmorska, arbetat med graviditetsavbrott någon gång under de senaste 10 åren och varit verksam i Sverige under den tiden. Resultat: Barnmorskorna ville ha mer utbildning vid avbrytande av graviditeten, framför allt mer utbildning i psykologisk vård och ett större antal praktikdagar ägnade åt graviditetsavbrytande. Barnmorskorna ansåg att rummen inte var anpassade för avbrytande av graviditet och att det material de hade tillgängligt var otillräckligt. De flesta barnmorskorna önskade att de var fler barnmorskor på arbetsplatsen så att de kunde få mer tid att ta hand om patienten. Barnmorskorna upplevde att de har bra stöd av varandra i personalen och kände arbetsglädje. Slutsats : Det finns flera förbättringsområden som behöver åtgärdas som rumsinredning, fler barnmorskor och utbildning för att barnmorskor ska ha förutsättningar att ge god vård vid graviditetsavbrott.Nyckelord:

This abstract provides a concise summary of the thesis, which examines the evolution of abortion laws in France and the intersection of women's rights, feminism, and healthcare. It emphasizes the shift from a complete ban on abortion to legalization and analyses the factors contributing to this social change, focusing on the role of feminist movements and women's rights activists. The study highlights France's success in recognizing abortion as a health issue rather than a political or religious one, leading to establishment of social systems that ensure safe and affordable access to abortion. It also emphasizes the importance of separating religious and political influences from public life and the need to recognize abortion as a human right based on international standards. Finally, the thesis contributes to novel theory development; it suggests that the spiral approach to studying social change provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of the abortion debate and the need for continued focus on reproductive rights globally.

In both Mexico and the U.S., abortion rights protests have been taking place in recent years, but while Mexico is moving forward with the legalization of abortion, the U.S. is going in the opposite direction with the overturning of Roe v. Wade. Through framing, journalists select salient information, shaping audiences' understandings of social movements. The protest paradigm suggests that due to journalistic norms and routines, journalists tend to focus on disruptive acts, which can stigmatize the protest. Additionally, scholars have stated that men and women photojournalists have different approaches to covering certain topics. This cross-national research combined a content analysis of photographs in U.S. and Mexican media with in-depth interviews with photojournalists to determine if photojournalists in each country are reproducing the protest paradigm and if there are gendered differences in how they photograph abortion rights protests. The results revealed that women and men photograph differently, with women capturing more intimate photos; however, photojournalists' gendered experiences are also influenced by how protesters perceive them. Furthermore, the study suggests that photojournalists from both countries are questioning objectivity and are attempting to move away from the protest paradigm. This research provides valuable insights into visual framing theory, protest news coverage, and gendered norms in photojournalism.

Background: In Sweden, about 35 450 induced abortions were performed in 2022. An abortion can be performed either medical or surgical. The medical abortions consist of 96% of all abortions. The reasons for choosing abortion may involve factors such as financial situation, the woman's age, or her partner relationship. Undergoing an abortion can be emotionally challenging, and a nurse's role entails providing person-centered care and support. Aim: The purpose of the study was to examine women's experiences of undergoing an abortion and to explore their experiences of information and support in connection to the procedure. Method: A descriptive literature review based on nine original articles with qualitative methods.  Main results: The results revealed fears before and during the abortion procedure as well as concerns about the future. Women's experiences were complex and abortion raised existential questions. The women experienced internal and external stigma, including fear of judgment if their abortion choice became known. Information about the abortion was unsatisfactory for many and the attitude of healthcare professionals played a significant role in how the women perceived the support. The presence of healthcare personnel created a sense of security. Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity of emotions experienced by women in connection to abortion. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to comprehend and engage with these experiences and emotions. This can facilitate better support and improve interactions, ultimately leading to the enhancement of women's autonomy and result in more patient-centered care.

This thesis examines the abortion debate in Brazil within the context of Catholic and Evangelical belief systems. Using a systematic literature review and thematic content analysis, the primary objective is to illuminate the intersection of religion and the often taboo topic of abortion. Given the widespread poverty in Brazil, abortion becomes a profoundly critical issue that directly impacts the health and safety of women as it affects their ability to access medical care in safe and regulated settings, thereby reducing the risks associated with dangerous and illegal procedures. The findings underscore the substantial role played by Catholic and Evangelical belief systems in opposing the legalization of abortion, driven by their deeply held values. This influence is deeply rooted in historical opportunities seized during Brazil's democratization process. Moreover, Catholic, and Evangelical movements have demonstrated remarkable mobilization efforts, engaging in grassroots activities, and fostering mobilization within private spheres. The polarization of the abortion debate has intensified the visibility of these religious groups and mobilized their supporters in various ways. In conclusion, this study reveals that Catholic and Evangelical belief systems have emerged as influential political actors, significantly shaping public opinion and resistance to abortion legalization, even in cases where it is legally sanctioned. Given that religion's influence shows no signs of diminishing but rather continues to grow, further research in this context is crucial to understanding its profound impact on society.

Democracy and human rights are concepts whose definition depends on contextual cues. The paper analyzes what themes related to those concepts can be found in the context of abortion discourse in Poland in the years 2020-2023 and how they define or redefine these ideas, especially in the context of democratic regression. The study uses theme analysis to find common patterns and establish a clear structure. Findings present two main themes: values present in the discourse with three subthemes: morality and rights, church influence and national identity, question of doctors; and present institutions and their role: validity of Tribunals verdict and question of who should decide on this law. Themes prove some significant shifts in the discourse compared to previous studies and further show a divide in the definitions of democracy and human rights in Poland.

The Supreme Court of the United States’ decision to reclaim the constitutional right to carry out an abortion in 2022, was founded in a far-right politician's agenda. Considering recent developments in Western countries in Europe, far-right political parties have increased their power during the 2010s until present time. With this thesis, the aim was to review far-right European politicians’ abortion policies on national and EU-level, to be able to present whether a threat towards abortion rights and thus human development could be seen in Europe as well. The human development approach was the theoretical framework used to analyze the findings in this thesis. This framework helped understand in what ways anti abortion policies oppose different types of freedom and general goals in society, and how this affects well-being, agency and justice. The research was carried out through a qualitative desk study with a deductive element, by presenting data in forms of results of roll-call votes in the European Parliament, party programmes and agendas, and other official documents. The results and analysis showed that the reviewed politicians and parties conduct policies against abortion rights at both national and EU-level, which drew the conclusion that tendencies of a threat toward human development in the West were found.

Bakgrund Inom hälso- och sjukvården är abort en av de vanligaste medicinska åtgärderna och är av största vikt för den berörda personens hälsa och liv. Barriärer i form av ekonomisk situation, geografisk plats, icke-respektfull och diskriminerande abortvård leder till ett ökat antal osäkra aborter. En inducerad abort är ingen enkel process utan innebär många olika känslor, där de flesta behöver någon form av omvårdnad. Sjuksköterskan är viktig under denna process, och ska vara en stöttning samt hjälpa den abortsökande att hantera sin situation. Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att belysa hur personer som har genomgått en inducerad abort upplever mötet med hälso- och sjukvården. Metod Denna studie är en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt som inkluderade 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Sökningarna utfördes i CINAHL och PubMed med hjälp av sökord. Alla artiklar kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag för vetenskaplig klassificering och kvalitet. För att analysera och sammanställa resultatet har en integrerad dataanalys använts. Resultat Upplevelserna av att möta hälso- och sjukvården vid en inducerad abort varierade, med allt från upplevelser som var bättre än förväntat till upplevelser som var mycket dåliga, där ibland sexuella trakasserier. God information och kommunikation, bra stöd och delaktighet var viktigt för en person som söker abort och dess upplevelse av hälso- och sjukvården, speciellt där det fanns identifierade hinder och utmaningar. Slutsats De centrala aspekterna som påverkade den varierande upplevelsen av abortvården var information och kommunikation, stöd, delaktighet samt hinder och utmaningar för vård. Stigmat, kriminaliseringen och väntetiden ansågs vara de tre största barriärerna inom abortvård, och påverkade patientupplevelserna i stort. Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori har applicerats i studien. / Background Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures within healthcare and is of utter importance for an impacted person's health and life. Barriers that lead to an increased count of unsafe abortions are economic status, geographical location, as well as disrespectful and discriminatory abortion care. An induced abortion is not an easy process and brings up many different emotions and most people need some type of nursing care throughout the process of an induced abortion. Nurses are crucial to this process and must support the person seeking an abortion and aid in handling their situation. Aim The purpose of this literature review was to illuminate the experiences of meeting health care workers among persons who have undergone an induced abortion. Method This study is a non-systematic literature review that included 15 scientific articles. With the use of keywords, we searched for articles in CINAHL and PubMed. All articles underwent a quality review with the guidance of Sophiahemmet University´s assessment tool for scientific classification and quality. An integrated data analysis was used to analyze and summarize the results. Results People’s experiences of meeting healthcare workers throughout an induced abortion varied from care that was better than expected to much worse, for example, experiences of sexual harassment. Good information, good support, and patient participation among abortion seekers were important for the experience of meeting the healthcare system, especially where hinders and challenges in care were identified. Conclusions The central aspects that impacted the varied experience of abortion healthcare were information, support, patient participation as well as hinders and challenges to healthcare. Stigma, criminalization of abortion, and waiting times were seen as the two biggest barriers that impacted the experience of going through an abortion. Joyce Travelbee’s nursing care theory was applied in the study.

This thesis investigates conservative social movements’ discursive strategies and the ways in which discourse is used depending on a constructed threat. This is done through a discourse analysis on online published material by pro-life groups in Latin America, using the case of abortion. The research question is “How does the construction of threats influence discursive adaptation among pro-life actors in Latin America?” It is divided into sub-questions, asking (a) how pro-life actors perceive and construct threats, and (b) how do pro-life activists in Latin America use religious argumentation, pro-women discourse, and law and legal-based arguments respectively, to oppose a decriminalization of abortion? The study finds that arguments centered on rights and the national constitutions dominate. The most common threats are the real or hypothetical legalization of abortion, its increased access or increased normalization, as well as the threat of the international community and gender ideology, and what I refer to above as the hypothetical threat, in which the case of abortion serves as a gateway. The central findings are that the unit or phenomenon perceived as threatened is often the same as what constitutes a node of familiarity, i.e., appeals to individuals based on an experience shared by a community, and that the discourse used in response often reflects that of the constructed threat itself. The thesis illustrates the many ways that the pro-life movements use a combination of discourse based on religious values, gender, and rights to construct arguments, and thereby, the adaptability and creativity displayed by the organization.