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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Forensic epidemiology : the interface between forensic science and public health

Lerer, Leonard Brian 24 August 2017 (has links)
No description available.
32

Assessing cycling skills in Switzerland

Eggermond, Michael A.B. van, Schaffner, Dorothea, Studert, Nora 03 January 2023 (has links)
This paper sets out to identify skills required by cyclists to navigate safely through an urban environment in Switzerland. We set out to identify situations that might result in accidents and require specific competences. Three study studies were conducted First, workshops with experts were conducted to identify required cyclists' skills. Second, accident statistics were analysed to determine in which type of situations accidents occur. Finally, a survey was conducted among Swiss cyclists to assess which skills were present and which skills were lacking. The remainder of this extended abstract describes the three studies in some detail and continues with an outlook for the final paper. [from Introduction]
33

A concreção eficacial do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção sob a luz do artigo 10 da Lei nº 10.666/2003 / The effectiveness concretion of the Accident Prevention Factor in the light of Article 10 of Law Nº 10.666/2003

Mazarin, Carla Trevisan Ranieri 15 March 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Trevisan Ranieri Mazarin.pdf: 930946 bytes, checksum: f4975212ff62ba3b4f4c00152f70e624 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / The purpose of this paper aims to analyze if the Accident Prevention Factor (APF) institution has reached its effectiveness, which is the reduction of the labor accidents rates. However, to have this discussion is necessary to analyze the evolution of the legislation that protect the employee, who is a victim of a labor accident, and we will see the foundation of this protection, as well as the configuration of the risks that require such protection, and the concept of a labor accident and the reformulation that this concept has gone through, considering the changes caused by society. Then, we will look up the concepts of system, effectiveness, as well as principles and rules that will provide for us the necessary support for the inclusion of the labor accident protection in the list of the fundamental rights, and their relation to the social rights. We will analyze the protection of the working environment and the impact that the lack of security measures can lead to the Social Security System. From then on, we will introduce the concept of the Accident Prevention Factor and the respective calculation methodology, and the questionings that the implementation of this tool caused. Finally, we will check why the Accident Prevention Factor is framed as a social prevention tool, and the reason why its measurement was set by economic sector, and the results of its implementation through the labor accident statistics provided by the Social Security Ministry / A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar se a instituição do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção FAP atingiu a sua função eficacial, qual seja, a redução dos índices de acidentalidade laboral. Contudo, para se chegar a essa discussão, faz-se necessária a análise da evolução legislativa da proteção acidentária, oportunidade em que será visto o fundamento dessa proteção, a configuração dos riscos que demandam essa tutela, bem como o conceito de acidente de trabalho e a reformulação pela qual esse conceito passou por meio das mudanças ocasionadas pela sociedade. Em seguida, serão analisados os conceitos de sistema, eficácia, além de princípios e regras, por meio dos quais serão fornecidos os subsídios necessários para a inserção da proteção acidentária no rol dos direitos fundamentais e a sua relação com os direitos sociais. Serão analisados a proteção do meio ambiente laboral e os impactos que a ausência de medidas de segurança pode ocasionar para o Sistema de Seguridade Social. A partir de então, serão introduzidos o conceito do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção e toda a sua metodologia de cálculo, assim como as irregularidades apontadas no momento da implementação dessa ferramenta. Ao final, serão verificados como o FAP é enquadrado como uma ferramenta de prevenção social, os motivos pelos quais a sua aferição se configura por setor econômico e os resultados de sua implementação por meio dos dados estatísticos acidentários disponibilizados pela Previdência Social
34

Učestalost povreda kod intenzivno fizički aktivnih adolescenata / Incidence of Injuries among Vigorous Physically Active Adolescents

Krtinić Gordana 03 December 2014 (has links)
<p>Povrede adolescenata predstavljaju rastući javno zdravstveni problem. Iako fizička aktivnost ima dokazanu vi&scaron;estruku korist po zdravlje pojedinca, ona je povezana sa rizikom od povreda, posebno u zemljama sa nedovoljno razvijenim strategijama za prevenciju istih. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi povezanost između intenzivne fizičke aktivnosti i povreda, da li nivo fizičke aktivnosti utiče na rizično i protektivno pona&scaron;anje adolescenata, i da se identifikuju okolnosti i okruženje u kom se povrede najče&scaron;će de&scaron;avaju. Za istraživanje je kori&scaron;ćena retrospektivno-prospektivna kohortna studija na odabranom uzorku adolescenata od 15-19 godina koji pohađaju srednju &scaron;kolu. Putem standardnog internacionalnog upitnika o fizičkoj aktivnosti IPAQ i dobijenog MET skora, izdvojen je deo kohorte adolescenata izložen intenzivnoj fizičkoj aktivnosti. Kontrolnu grupu činili su umereno fizički aktivni i neaktivni adolescenti. U periodu od 12 meseci registrovane su sve vrste povreda adolescenata putem upitnika o povredama. Povrede koje su zahtevale medicinski tretman registrovane su kroz zdravstvenu dokumentaciju &scaron;kolskog dispanzera, sportske ambulante doma zdravlja, hitne medicinske pomoći i urgentnog odeljenja op&scaron;te bolnice. Klasifikacija i analiza podataka o povredama izvr&scaron;ena je prema prirodi povreda (S00-T98) na osnovu Međunarodne klasifikacije bolesti (MKB-10, 1996.). Rizik za povrede bio je sedam puta veći u grupi intenzivno fizički aktivnih adolescenata u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu (RR: 7,041; 95%CI: 6,071; 8,187). Rizik za povrede koje su zahtevale medicinski tretman, prema rezultatima prikupljenim u zdravstvenim ustanovama, bio je 15 puta veći kod adolescenata koji se intenzivno bave fizičkom aktivno&scaron;ću (RR: 14,717; 95%CI: 10,652; 20,592). Fizički aktivni učenici su se najvi&scaron;e povređivali na sportskim terenima, dok su se umereno aktivni i neaktivni najče&scaron;će povređivali u kućnom okruženju. Rizik da zadobiju sportske povrede bio je 11 puta veći kod fizički aktivnih ispitanika (RR: 11,212; 95%CI: 9,013; 14,074), sa značajno vi&scaron;om stopom incidencije kod mu&scaron;karaca (82,9/100). Na treningu i utakmici povrede je zadobilo 85,2% fizički aktivnih adolescenata, dok su kod umereno aktivnih i neaktivnih sportske povrede najče&scaron;će registrovane u &scaron;kolskom okruženju (37,5%). Najvi&scaron;e povreda registrovano je u fudbalu (Inc. 4.44/1000 h), odbojci (Inc. 3.92/1000 h) i boksu/kik boksu (Inc. 3.75/1000 h). Intenzitet fizičke aktivnosti nije imao uticaja na smanjenje rizičnog pona&scaron;anja kod adolescenata, kao &scaron;to je kori&scaron;ćenje alkohola, psihoaktivnih supstanci i nasilno pona&scaron;anje. Nivo protektivnog pona&scaron;anja bio je generalno nizak u obe grupe ispitanika. Kori&scaron;ćenje za&scaron;titne kacige i za&scaron;titne sportske opreme bilo je značajno zastupljenije u grupi intenzivno fizički aktivnih adolelescenata, ali nije utvrđen njihov uticaj na smanjenje rizika od povreda.</p> / <p>Injuries among adolescents represent growing public health issue. Although physical activity provides proven multiple benefits to the health of individuals, it is also associated with a risk of injuries, particularly in countries with less developed strategies for their prevention. The objective of the research was to determine the relation between vigorous physical activity and injuries, whether the level of physical activity affects the risk and protective behaviour among adolescents, and to identify the circumstances and environment in which the injuries most often occur. The research used a retrospective-prospective cohort study on a selected sample of adolescents aged 15-19 years attending secondary school. The part of the cohort of adolescents exposed to vigorous physical activity was separated through the standard international questionnaire on physical activity IPAQ and the resulting MET score. The control group consisted of moderately physically active and inactive adolescents. All types of injuries among adolescents within the 12 months were registered through a questionnaire. Injuries requiring medical treatment were registered through the health records of school and sports ambulances, emergency medical services and Emergency Department of the General Hospital. Classification and analysis of injury data was performed according to the nature of the injuries (S00 - T98) based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD - 10, 1996). The risk of injury was seven times higher in the group of vigorous physically active adolescents than in the control group (RR: 7,041; 95%CI: 6,071; 8,187). The risk of injuries that required medical treatment was 15 times higher among adolescents who are intensively engaged in physical activity (RR: 14,717; 95%CI: 10,652; 20,592). Physically active students are most frequently injured on the sports fields, while moderately active and inactive students are most frequently injured in the home environment. The risk to suffer sports injuries was 11 times higher among physically active participants (RR: 11,212; 95%CI: 9,013; 14,074) with a significantly higher incidence rate among men (82,9/100). On training and during the game 85,2% of physically active adolescents suffered from injuries, while among inactive participants sports injuries were most often registered in the school environment (37,5%). The most injuries were registered in soccer (Inc. 4.44/1000 h), volleyball (Inc. 3.92/1000 h) and boxing/kick boxing (Inc. 3.75/1000 h). The intensity of physical activity had no impact on reducing risk behaviour among adolescents, such as the use of alcohol, psychoactive substances and violent behavior. The level of protective behavior was generally low in both groups. The use of protective helmets and protective sports equipment was significantly more frequently present among vigorous physically active adolescents, but their influence on reducing the risk of injuries was not determined.</p>
35

Novel technologies for the detection and mitigation of drowsy driving

Lawoyin, Samuel 01 January 2014 (has links)
In the human control of motor vehicles, there are situations regularly encountered wherein the vehicle operator becomes drowsy and fatigued due to the influence of long work days, long driving hours, or low amounts of sleep. Although various methods are currently proposed to detect drowsiness in the operator, they are either obtrusive, expensive, or otherwise impractical. The method of drowsy driving detection through the collection of Steering Wheel Movement (SWM) signals has become an important measure as it lends itself to accurate, effective, and cost-effective drowsiness detection. In this dissertation, novel technologies for drowsiness detection using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are investigated and described. IMUs are an umbrella group of kinetic sensors (including accelerometers and gyroscopes) which transduce physical motions into data. Driving performances were recorded using IMUs as the primary sensors, and the resulting data were used by artificial intelligence algorithms, specifically Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to determine whether or not the individual was still fit to operate a motor vehicle. Results demonstrated high accuracy of the method in classifying drowsiness. It was also shown that the use of a smartphone-based approach to IMU monitoring of drowsiness will result in the initiation of feedback mechanisms upon a positive detection of drowsiness. These feedback mechanisms are intended to notify the driver of their drowsy state, and to dissuade further driving which could lead to crashes and/or fatalities. The novel methods not only demonstrated the ability to qualitatively determine a drivers drowsy state, but they were also low-cost, easy to implement, and unobtrusive to drivers. The efficacy, ease of use, and ease of access to these methods could potentially eliminate many barriers to the implementation of the technologies. Ultimately, it is hoped that these findings will help enhance traveler safety and prevent deaths and injuries to users.
36

Traumatická poranění spojená s koňmi / Traumatic injuries resulting from human interactions with horses

Rázková, Ilona January 2019 (has links)
The present diploma thesis focuses on equine-related traumatic injuries. Such injuries occur due to a fall off the horseback and / or during handling or care for a horse. The primary reason for focusing on this specific type of injuries was an increasing incidence of equine- related injuries due to a growing interest in horse riding as a leisure and sports activity. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters devoted to types and mechanisms of equine-related traumatic injuries, injury prevention, and specific first aid after a fall off the horseback. Information sources for the thesis were identified in the Czech National Medical Library, with most information extracted from the MEDLINE database. Other sources included the Regional Medical Library, the library of the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, the regional library, and professional online resources. Methodology: The second part of the diploma thesis presents the results of a quantitative research and analysis of data extracted from medical records. The data were collected retrospectively for the years 2015 - 2017 in out-patient, standard in-patient and ICU units of a regional hospital. Objectives: To track incidence of equine-related traumatic injuries and analyse the major causes. Results: Over the three-year...
37

Perfil biodinâmico de entrada dos trocartes em cirurgias laparoscópicas / Biodynamic profile of entry of trocars in laparoscopic surgeries

Moreno, Danilo Galante 14 March 2019 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A técnica laparoscópica tornou-se a via preferencial em grande parte dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, na tentativa de minimizar riscos e melhorar o pósoperatório. No entanto, o entusiasmo dos cirurgiões com a novas técnicas frequentemente omite uma avaliação clara das suas possíveis complicações. A laparoscopia pode oferecer alguns riscos tanto no acesso à cavidade abdominal (com trocartes sendo introduzidos muitas vezes às cegas), quanto na realização de todo o procedimento. Na literatura, poucos estudos compararam os diversos tipos de acesso e de trocartes, utilizando parâmetros objetivos e reprodutíveis do momento da punção. Nessa tese foram comparadas as diferenças no padrão biodinâmico de entrada de cinco diferentes trocartes,em modelos suínos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas 11 porcas (fêmeas) e cinco tipos de trocartes (três marcas com lâmina - M1L, M2L, M3L e 2 sem lâmina - M4SL e M5SL). Todas as punções foram feitas pelo mesmo pesquisador e todos os trocartes eram novos no início do estudo. Realizada incisão bilateral a 4 cm da linha mediana do porco, endereçando toda a parede abdominal, desde as costelas (superiormente) até a crista ilíaca (inferiormente). Utilizado suporte metálico tracionando uma faixa mediana da parede abdominal do animal \"in vivo\" (posição supina). Desta forma, um espaço foi criado afastando a parede abdominal das vísceras e possibilitando a filmagem das punções. Para aferição da força na inserção foi desenvolvido um sensor de mão, ligado a um computador para aquisição dos dados. Avaliado força necessária para perfuração da aponeurose (F1) e do peritônio (F2). Utilizado uma câmera de alta resolução para captura de imagens durante a entrada dos trocartes e realizada análise comparativa da deformação da parede abdominal (Dd), do tempo (TLam) e distância (DLam) percorrida pela lâmina exposta para os cinco tipos de trocartes. Os sítios de punção foram predeterminados na linha mediana do suíno. Realizada análise uni e multivariada. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 180 punções, sendo 36 para cada um dos cinco modelos de trocartes. Comparando-se apenas trocartes com e sem lâminas, percebe-se maiores valores para os últimos quanto a força e deformação de parede (todos com p < 0,001). Comparando-se marca a marca temos: Dd (cm) - M1L (5,92) , M2L (5,85) e M3L (6,07) semelhantes entre si, menores que M4SL (8,33) e M5SL (8,15), semelhantes entre si; F1 e F2 (N) - M1L (5,73) e M2L (6,22) semelhantes entre si, menores que M3L (7,69), esse menor que M4SL (8,29) e M5SL (10,24), semelhantes entre si. DLam (cm) - não houve diferença estatística entre os trocartes (p=0,197); TLam (s) - M1L (0,5) e M2L (0,37) semelhantes entre si, menores que M3L (0,87). CONCLUSÕES: Trocartes com lâmina, em comparação aos sem lâmina, possuem menores forças e deformações em sua introdução. Os trocartes laminados cônicos e piramidais (M1L e M2L respectivamente) são semelhantes entre si em todos os parâmetros analisados. No entanto, esses dois tem menores deformações, força de inserção e tempo de lâmina expostos em comparação ao piramidal M3L. A análise da distância de lâmina exposta não mostrou diferença estatística entre os trocartes. Entre os trocartes sem lâmina, M5SL apresentou maiores forças de inserção e mesma deformação em comparação a M4SL / INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery has become a preference for most surgeons, proving to be versatile and applicable to several surgical procedures. However, the enthusiasm of surgeons with new techniques often omits a clear evaluation of their possible complications. Comparative studies of trocars, showing objective and reproducible parameters at the time of puncture, are still lacking in the literature. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biodinamic profile of entry of 5 different trocars in laparoscopic surgeries. METHODS: Using a porcine model, we evaluated the following characteristics in 11 pigs about the insertion of 5 types of trocars (3 bladed and 2 blunt): 1) the force necessary to push trocar through the abdominal wall aponeurosis (F1) and through the peritoneum (F2); 2) the amount of time (in seconds) in which the blade of the trocar is exposed within the peritoneal cavity; 3) the amount of deformity of the abdominal wall (in cm) prior to the blade of trocar cutting through the peritoneum; 4) the distance traveled by the blade within the peritoneal cavity (in cm). All punctures were made by the same researcher. The bilateral incision was performed at 4 cm of the pig\'s median line, addressing the entire abdominal wall, from the ribs (superiorly) to the iliac crest (inferiorly). Metallic support was used by traction of a median range of the abdominal wall of the animal \"in vivo\" (supine position). A space was created by pushing the abdominal wall away from the viscera and allowing the punctures to be filmed. To measure the insertion force was used a mechanical device designed for this, connected to a computer for data acquisition. A high-speed camera made the acquisition of the images. Puncture sites were predetermined at the midline of the pig. RESULTS: A total of 180 punches were analyzed, of which 36 were analyzed for each of the 5 trocar models. Greater deformations forces occurred in non-bladed compared to the bladed one (p < 0.001). Comparing the marks: Dd (cm) - M1L (5,92), M2L (5,85) and M3L (6,07) are similar to each other, smallers than M4SL (8,33) and M5SL (8,15), similar to each other; F1 e F2 (N) - M1L (5,73) and M2L (6,22) are similar to each other, smallers than M3L (7,69), and this smaller than M4SL (8,29) and M5SL (10,24), similar to each other. DLam (cm) - there is no diference between the all trocars (p=0,197); TLam (s) - M1L (0,5) and M2L (0,37) are similar to each other, smallers than M3L (0,87). CONCLUSIONS: The bladed trocars, compared to the non-bladed ones, have lower forces and deformations in their introduction. Conical (M1L) and pyramidal (M2L) trocars showed similar patterns of all analysed parameters. They have lower force and deformation, as well as time and distance of exposed blade in comparision of the pyramidal M3L. There is no diference in distance of exposed blade between the all bladed trocars. As for the non-bladed, the conical model (M5SL) required a greater deformation force than the pyramidal one (M4SL)
38

\"Da informação à educação em saúde: a CIPA e sua atividade educativa em uma empresa de Ribeirão Preto, SP\". / From information to health education: the CIPA and its educative activity at one enterprise in Ribeirão Preto-SP

Marcellino, Irevan Vitoria 04 March 2005 (has links)
O presente trabalho visa analisar o problema da educação em saúde do trabalhador, por meio da Comissão Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes (CIPA), quanto ao desenvolvimento de conteúdos da promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde, em uma empresa em Ribeirão Preto, SP. Para isso, necessitamos conhecer os processos de trabalho dos diferentes setores da empresa; estudar as atribuições, a constituição da CIPA e da Semana Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes (SIPAT), seus conteúdos, através de seus documentos e as ações de educação em saúde dos “cipeiros", assim como e sua vinculação com a promoção à saúde; ainda, identificar as concepções sobre educação em saúde dos integrantes da CIPA. O quadro teórico foi o da epidemiologia social e o da teoria de Paulo Freire. Assim sendo, elegemos como sujeitos da presente investigação, um grupo de profissionais que constituem a CIPA, por entender que a questão da educação em saúde, na área da saúde do trabalhador, é função privilegiada da CIPA, e SIPAT. A metodologia foi a da pesquisa qualitativa, o estudo de caso. Por esse motivo, foram considerados como dados da pesquisa, as anotações no diário de campo da pesquisadora dos conteúdos das reuniões da CIPA; a observação dos processos de trabalho; os questionários devidamente preenchidos pelos participantes e documentos como atas de reuniões da CIPA e SIPAT. A análise temática levou às seguintes categorias: a CIPA, segundo os “cipeiros"; a educação em saúde do trabalhador na CIPA, na realidade da empresa, e a relação educação e trabalho nessa empresa, sendo que as duas últimas foram divididas em subcategorias. Os resultados da observação indicam que a empresa é de médio porte, pois conta com 308 trabalhadores e tem predomínio de atividades intensas. A CIPA constitui-se em 1997. Conta com 10 integrantes efetivos, na proporção de 4 para seis, entre indivíduos eleitos e indicados, mostrando uma desproporção já na sua organização; começou a ter reuniões periódicas e com atas, a partir do ano de 2000. Verificamos que faltou a compreensão por parte dos “cipeiros" das atribuições da CIPA, em relação à educação em saúde, bem como os conceitos básicos em saúde do trabalhador. As práticas educacionais se caracterizaram, por serem anti-dialógicas e domesticadoras, tanto nas reuniões, como nas SIPAT’s. Apesar de tudo isso, os “cipeiros" conseguiram executar minimamente algumas ações educativas. Essas práticas formais e informais que buscaram contribuir para que os trabalhadores tivessem mais conhecimento sobre acidentes e sobre a saúde, não conseguiram, porém, torná-los mais conscientes efetivando, dessa maneira, a prevenção. / This research aims to analyze the process of workers health education, by the Internal Committee of Accident Prevention (CIPA), related to development of promotion contents, prevention and recovering of health, at one enterprise, at Ribeirão Preto, SP. To do that, we need to understand the working process of the different sections at the enterprise; to study the assignments, the composition of the CIPA and the contents of the Internal Week of Accident Prevention (SIPAT), through its documents and the actions of health education: as well as their connection with health promotion; yet, identify health education concepts of the CIPA members. Theoretical frameworks were social epidemiology and Paulo Freire’s theory. Therefore, we elected as subjects in this research, a group of professionals who belong to the CIPA, because we understand that the question of health education in the subject of the worker’s health, is an CIPA and SIPAT proper assignment. The methodologie used was the qualitative research, the study of a case. For that reason the research data considered were: notes on the research field diary about CIPA meetings; working process observation; questionnaires duly filled by the participants and documents as the CIPA and SIPAT meetings records. Thematic analysis generated the following categories: the CIPA, according to its members; health education by CIPA members, at the enterprise reality and the relationship between education and work on that company being the last two divided in subcategories. Results of observation show that this is a medium size enterprise; since it has 308 workers who perform intense activities. The CIPA was constituted in 1997. It has 10 effective members, 4 elected by their fellow workers and 6 chosen by the company directors, witch show a back of proportion from the beginning; the CIPA started with periodic and recorded meetings since 2000. We verified that the CIPA members missed the comprehension about their assignments, in relation to health education, as well as about the basic concepts on workers health; the educational practices are characterized by being antidialogical and aim to domesticate other workers, either at their meetings, and at the SIPAT. In spite all that, the CIPA members managed to perform at least a few educative tasks. Those formal and non-formal practices which aimed to contribute to increase the workers knowledge about accidents and about health, did not however, make them more aware making effective, that way, the prevention.
39

Construindo a culpa e evitando a prevenção: caminhos da investigação de acidentes do trabalho em empresas e município de porte médio, Botucatu, São Paulo, 1997 / Building blame and avoiding prevention: ways of investigating accidents in companies in a medium-size city. Botucatu, São Paulo, 1997

Almeida, Ildeberto Muniz de 08 March 2001 (has links)
Objetivos. Analisar investigações de acidentes e materiais didáticos e educativos, explorando aspectos da construção das análises e de atribuição de culpa. Métodos. Registros de investigações e materiais didáticos de empresas de Botucatu-SP, em 1997, obtidos de instituições e empresas, foram analisados, identificando-se fatores causais, recomendações e referências a comportamentos faltosos ou características da vítima. Árvores de causas foram checadas quanto a cuidados de linguagem, desenhos, interrupções da investigação, tipos de relações entre fatos e exploração para prevenção. Materiais educativos foram analisados, identificando-se concepções de acidente, orientações para investigações e recomendações. Bancos de dados foram formados e gerenciados com EPIinfo. Resultados. Foram analisadas 203 investigações. A média de “causas" por AT foi 1,68 e a de recomendações foi 1,4 por AT, com predomínio de referências a comportamentos ou características da vítima. A maioria das análises baseava-se em formulário obrigatório. Todas as árvores analisadas mostravam desrespeito flagrante a regras e princípios do método. Materiais didáticos veiculavam mesma concepção de acidente das investigações, método de análise centrado em comportamentos faltosos do operador, estímulo ao medo de lesões e recomendações para obediência a regras e uso de equipamentos de proteção. Conclusão. As investigações adotam concepção de acidente baseada na identificação de situações de desrespeito a regras idealizadas, atribuem culpa ao acidentado e não subsidiam a gestão de riscos nas empresas. A atribuição de culpa ocorre independentemente da natureza e/ou tipo de perigo presente nos acidentes. Tentativas de uso do método de árvore de causas mostraram distorções, revelando insuficiência no seu domínio. A construção da culpa foi reforçada por materiais didáticos e educativos. Descritores: Acidentes do trabalho, investigações de acidentes, vigilância de acidentes. / Objectives: To analyze accident investigations and teaching and educational materials exploring aspects of analysis construction and blame attribution. Methods: Investigation reports and educational materials of companies in Botucatu, SP, in 1997, obtained from institutions and companies were analyzed and causal factors, recommendations and references to faulty behavior or victim characteristics were identified. Causal tree were checked in regard to language, design, investigation interruptions, types of relations between facts and exploration for prevention. Educational materials were analyzed identifying the conception of accident, orientation for investigations and recommendation. Data banks were formed and managed by EPIinfo. Results: 203 investigations with an average of 1,68 causes and 1,4 recommendations were analyzed and revealed that references to victim’s behavior or characteristics prevailed. Most analyses were based on an obligatory form. All analyzed trees showed evident disrespect to rules and methodological principles. The educational and teaching materials convey the same accident concept as the investigations, the analyses method centered in the faulty behavior of the operator, stimulus of fear to injury and recommendation for obedience to rules and use of protection equipment. Conclusion: The investigations studied use an accident concept based on the identification of situations of disrespect to idealized rules, blame the injured subjects, and do not support the risk management in the companies. The blame bias occurs independently of the nature or kind of danger involved in the accidents. The attempts to use the causal tree method revealed distortions due to insufficient command. Educational materials strengthened the construction of blame.
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Percepção de riscos na ocupação precedendo lesões do trabalho: um estudo no município de Campinas, São Paulo, 1992-1993 / Perception of occupational hazards preceding occupational injuries: a study in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, 1992-1993

Heleno Rodrigues Correa Filho 03 August 1994 (has links)
Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle, com 164 casos de acidentes no trabalho aleatoriamente selecionados e 325 controles, entre empregados de empresas privadas ou públicas, com o objetivo de construir e validar instrumento epidemiológico de avaliação da percepção de trabalhadores, sobre fatores de risco psicossociais para acidentes do trabalho. De vinte e nove variáveis integrantes do questionário auto-respondido com marcações em escala visual analógica, oito variáveis significativas foram selecionadas, pelo seu poder de discriminação da percepção, através de regressão logistica. Foram consideradas agressoras: - brigas com os chefes; presenciar catástrofes nos locais de trabalho; ter sido vitima de agressão ou violência; haver deixado familiar doente em casa; ser pressionado por policiais ou autoridades por causa de acusações de outras pessoas e ter problemas com a própria saúde. Foram protetoras:- tempo de trabalho na função e experimentar insatisfação por executar atividades consideradas indesejáveis. Há evidências de que a percepção individual de pontos chaves nas relações de trabalho está relacionada com fatores que conferem risco e proteção aos trabalhadores e estes podem ser obtidos com instrumento epidemiológico adequado. / A case-control study was performed based on 164 cases of randomly selected work-related accidents and 325 controls amongst employees of private or publicly owned firms, in Campinas, São Paulo, 1992-93. The main objective was developing and validating a specific data collection instrument for perceived psycho-social risks for work accidents with injuries recalling the last seven days. A questionnaire with 29 questions to be answered marking a visual analogue scale was built. Using logistic regression eight variables were found to discriminate cases from controls and were subsequently modeled. Having fought with superiors; having witnessed catastrophic events in the workplace; having been a victim of aggression outside the workplace; leaving an ill family member at home; having suffered police questioning because of accusations by neighbors or others and having self problems with health were found to be aggressive. Protective variables were time experience under the job title and point out having worked on undesirable tasks. The perceptions of individual workers of key aspects of the psycho-social relations within the workplace, are related to factors which confer greater or lesser risk to workers. These perceptions may be obtained using a single instrument for epidemiologic data collection.

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