O objetivo da presente dissertação será analisar a Lei 10.973/04 (Lei de Inovação Tecnológica) a partir de princípios e elementos de direito administrativo. Inicialmente serão estudados os aspectos conceituais da inovação tecnológica, a partir de sua relação com o conhecimento primariamente voltado ao domínio público e os efeitos de sua patrimonialização. Estudaremos também as influências estrangeiras, especialmente norte-americana e francesa, que contribuíram para a construção do marco legal nacional e as críticas ao modelo estrangeiro. Passaremos, então, ao estudo dos principais aspectos da lei de inovação, ou seja, a caracterização dos sujeitos aos quais à lei se aplica e a disciplina geral dos acordos e convênios previstos na lei. Por fim, especificaremos e analisaremos cada tipo de acordo, sua relação com outros institutos de direito administrativo e eventuais obstáculos para sua implementação. / L\'objectif de cette thèse vise à lanalyse de la Loi 10.973/04 (Loi sur l\'innovation technologique) à partir des éléments et des principes du droit administratif. Pour commencer, on étudiera les aspects conceptuels de l\'innovation technologique, à partir de sa relation avec les connaissances, dirigées principalement au domaine public et les effets de leur conversion en biens patrimoniaux. Les influences étrangères, notamment laméricaine et la française, qui ont contribué à la construction du cadre juridique national seront également analysées. Ensuite, notre analyse envisagera les principaux aspects de la loi sur l\'innovation, à savoir la qualification des personnes à qui la loi s\'applique et la discipline des accords et des engagements prévus par la loi. Après on précisera et analysera chaque accord prévu par la loi, ses relations avec d\'autres instituts de droit administratif et les obstacles à son application.

Depuis plus de deux décennies, 320 accords d'entreprise transnationaux (AET) ont été conclus par 190 entreprises transnationales couvrant plus de 10 millions de salariés dont 2 en Europe (y.c fournisseurs et sous-traitants). On dispose désormais du recul nécessaire pour affirmer que I' AET est un accord de droit privé, négocié en l'absence d'un cadre juridique qui l'ignore encore, par des acteurs patronaux et salariés à la légitimité parfois incertaine, mais disposant d'une large autonomie d'opportunité, de méthode, de choix des thèmes, de périmètre, et de résolution des litiges. Or cette autonomie n'est que relative: l'application homogène de I' AET en son périmètre multinational reste une gageure, puisque confrontée à la diversité des règlementations. C'est l'occasion pour I' AET de révéler sa capacité de créer et déployer ses dispositions privées sans intervention externe, en particulier du juge. Ses atouts : son opportunisme à se mouler dans les imperfections légales, à combler des vides juridiques, et à instaurer d'improbables harmonisations légales sur un périmètre qu'il se donne. Cette thèse a pour objet de démontrer que l'AET est le fruit d'un délicat équilibre reposant sur trois phases d'égale importance (négociation, déploiement et suivi) dont les engagements désormais tangibles et synallagmatiques, se consolident sur la durée. Afin que I' AET ne soit pas perçu comme une« norme d'ajustement», l'ancrage de son autonomie devrait faire l'objet d'une reconnaissance légale internationale et nationale, lui conférant une véritable identité, prohibant toute régression en matière économique, sociale et environnementale et lui permettre de se démocratiser davantage. / In the past two or so decades, 320 transnational company-wide agreements (TCAs) have been entered into by 190 transnational corporations, covering over 10 million employees (2 million in Europe), along with suppliers and sub­contractors. By now, one has sufficient hindsight to confidently state that a TCA is a private-law agreement, negotiated (statute law being silent here) by corporate management and employees (some of whom of doubtful legitimacy), and enjoying considerable leeway when it comes to opportunities, method, choice of issues, purview and conflict-resolution. That independence nonetheless remains relative: for a TCA to apply across-the-board on a multinational level continues to be somewhat hazardous, given how greatly regulations may vary. This provides the occasion for a TCA to show its capacity for setting up and deploying private provisions without third-party intervention, notably from the Courts. The advantages: its ability to fill-out, as it were, gaps in the law, making up for the law's eventual inadequacies, while harmonising the law, against ail expectation, within a self-defined purview.This thesis has been designed to show how the TCA emerges from a delicate balance between three stages, equal in importance (negotiations, deployment, follow-up) with its tangible, synallagmatic commitments consolidating as time goes on. In order for a TCA to be viewed otherwise than as a mere "adjustment-standard", we suggest that its independence should henceforth be acknowledged by both domestic and international law, thereby granting it a true identity and preventing back-sliding in economic, social and environmental matters, while enabling it to become ever more democratic.

The ad hoc Offshore Accords signed between the Martin Government, and each Newfoundland and Nova Scotia have fundamentally altered the landscape of regional redistribution in Canada. The fallout from the Accords has had an immediate impact on the functioning of the Equalization Program and the political factors that inform debate over future reforms. This thesis examines the factors that led to the February 2005 Offshore Accords. It also examines the case of Saskatchewan's treatment under the Equalization Program

L'annotation manuelle de corpus est devenue un enjeu fondamental pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL). En effet, les corpus annotés sont utilisés aussi bien pour créer que pour évaluer des outils de TAL. Or, le processus d'annotation manuelle est encore mal connu et les outils proposés pour supporter ce processus souvent mal utilisés, ce qui ne permet pas de garantir le niveau de qualité de ces annotations. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une vision unifiée de l'annotation manuelle de corpus pour le TAL. Ce travail est le fruit de diverses expériences de gestion et de participation à des campagnes d'annotation, mais également de collaborations avec différents chercheur(e)s. Nous proposons dans un premier temps une méthodologie globale pour la gestion de campagnes d'annotation manuelle de corpus qui repose sur deux piliers majeurs : une organisation des campagnes d'annotation qui met l'évaluation au cœur du processus et une grille d'analyse des dimensions de complexité d'une campagne d'annotation. Un second volet de notre travail a concerné les outils du gestionnaire de campagne. Nous avons pu évaluer l'influence exacte de la pré-annotation automatique sur la qualité et la rapidité de correction humaine, grâce à une série d'expériences menée sur l'annotation morpho-syntaxique de l'anglais. Nous avons également apporté des solutions pratiques concernant l'évaluation de l'annotation manuelle, en donnant au gestionnaire les moyens de sélectionner les mesures les plus appropriées. Enfin, nous avons mis au jour les processus en œuvre et les outils nécessaires pour une campagne d'annotation et instancié ainsi la méthodologie que nous avons décrite.

This paper surveys the insider opinions and awareness’s of swedish bank loan officers, managers and board members on their view of the new capital requirements in light of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis, less than optimal rules and the opaqueness of state issued sovereigns. The paper will try to find the rationale in the reasoning of bank insiders and discuss their views in relation to current research. The ground breaking inside perspective will give researchers insight into the bank insiders’ view, which is previously not known in current research.

The ad hoc Offshore Accords signed between the Martin Government, and each Newfoundland and Nova Scotia have fundamentally altered the landscape of regional redistribution in Canada. The fallout from the Accords has had an immediate impact on the functioning of the Equalization Program and the political factors that inform debate over future reforms. This thesis examines the factors that led to the February 2005 Offshore Accords. It also examines the case of Saskatchewan's treatment under the Equalization Program

This bachelor thesis is the result of a minor field study which took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to contribute to the understanding and improvement of Security Sector Reform (SSR), which could be explained as a process of reformation applied in post-conflict scenarios aimed at the military, police and/or judicial sector which might be an element of insecurity, particularly the police, and very particularly in post conflict scenarios where conflict resolution resulted in a divided police force, by using the BiH as a case study. We have used the theoretical framework/process of SSR and more specifically the part of SSR which touches upon police reform. However, SSR entails reformation of the security sector including military-, police- and judicial sectors, as mentioned our focus will be the police sector. This serving as a foundation for the thesis, we asked the following questions; Taking the point of departure in the Dayton Accords and its complex power sharing structure, which are the underlying factors/reasons why the Security Sector Reformation of the police force has been so problematic and why is there such inability to reach an agreement on this issue, especially in terms of structure? In terms of methodology, this is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews in combination with previous research. Concluding remarks, progress has been made, however, the reformation of the police is to a large extent dependent on the political will not to do so, not much indicate a change related to this. The status of the BiH police force continues to be de-centralized in terms of structure due to the Dayton Accords which has still serves a fertile ground for the continuation of inefficiency, especially in terms of cooperation, information exchange, administrative issues, war-criminals within the police etc related to the different police forces.

Texte remanié de: Tesis de doctorado--Derecho--Caceres--Universidad de Extramadura, 2000. / Bibliogr. p. [379] - 401.

Thèse--Droit--Paris II, 1980. / Bibliogr. p. 367-385. Index.

Thèse (de maîtrise)--Université Laval, 2008. / Bibliogr.: f. 90-95. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.