The world of additive manufacturing revolves around speed and repeatability. Inherently, the process of 3D printing is plagued with variability that fluctuates with every material and parameter modification. Without proper qualification standards, processes can never become stable enough to produce parts that may be used in aerospace, medical, and construction industries. These industries rely on high quality metrics in order to protect the lives of those who may benefit from them. To establish trust in a process, all points of variation must be controlled and accounted for every part produced. In instances where even the best process controls are enacted, there still may be situational unknowns that can cause detrimental defects, often on micron scales. Through in-situ monitoring techniques, such as visual or acoustic monitoring, a secondary level of quality assessment can be performed. This type of real time monitoring solution can be used in a variety of ways to help reduce scrap rate, increase overall quality, and improve the mechanical characteristics of a newly developing material. In this proposal, a goal was set to develop a system that can be a low-cost alternative to a comparable acoustic monitoring system. This design is meant to be a low fidelity concept that can alert a user of any potential anomalies within a build by detecting spikes in acoustic emissions. The overall success of this experiment is set on two conditions. First, the new low-cost system should be mountable on various types of machines. Second, this system should demonstrate some level of equivalency to a similar system. These two situations were successfully met as the system was able to provide indications of anomalies present within a build. The system was calibrated and tuned to be able to measure signals on a SLM 125 running 316L powder. Minor modifications to the code and system can make it adaptable to different types of equipment such as CNC’s, bandsaws, casting processes, and other advanced manufacturing equipment. The model can be attenuated to support higher or lower frequencies as well as different types of acoustic sensors, which demonstrates the vast potential that this system can provide for detecting different types of defects.

This article focuses on computer noise analysis and noise reduction processing. With the popularity of computers, people are increasingly demanding the comfort of using computers. Solving the noise problem of the computer case can make the working environment more comfortable. People working in a noisy environment for a long time can cause anxiety and the quality of work is not high. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the characteristics of computer noise and to reduce the noise of the chassis through the secondary sound source. Through the comparison of the experimental and simulation results, the noise reduction effect of the secondary sound source on the computer case is obtained. This paper can provide a scientific reference for the manufacture of computer chassis and improvement of noise.

La caractérisation expérimentale de la réponse vibro-acoustique de panneaux excités par des champs de pression aléatoire est d'un grand intérêt dans le monde de la recherche, aussi bien industrielle qu'académique. Dans le domaine des transports, ce type d'excitation se rencontre par exemple lorsqu'un écoulement turbulent se développe en paroi d'un véhicule en mouvement. Les fluctuations de pression induites par la couche limite turbulente excitent les parois qui rayonnent un bruit à l'intérieur de l'habitacle. La reproduction expérimentale de ces fluctuations de pression nécessite des moyens qui peuvent être très coûteux (i.e, tunnel aérodynamique, essais in situ) et dont il est difficile de maîtriser tous les paramètres physiques. Un second exemple de champ de pression aléatoire est le champ acoustique diffus. Celui-ci est généralement reproduit dans une chambre réverbérante que l'on couple souvent à une chambre anéchoïque par l'intermédiaire de la paroi dont on souhaite étudier l'isolation acoustique. Un champ acoustique est supposé diffus si l'énergie acoustique provient de toutes les directions et l'intensité des ondes incidentes est équiprobable, ce qui n'est jamais le cas en pratique (problème des angles rasants, modes propres en basse fréquence, etc.). Il y a donc un fort intérêt à disposer d'un outil de laboratoire permettant de reproduire l'effet d'excitations aléatoires dans un environnement qui peut être contrôlé. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit cette thèse qui a pour but de développer une méthode expérimentale permettant de caractériser le comportement vibro-acoustique de panneaux sous champ de pression aléatoire tout en se passant des moyens de mesures usuels (soufflerie, chambre réverbérante, essais in situ, etc.). Les approches étudiées dans cette thèse se basent sur la formulation mathématique du problème dans le domaine des nombres d'onde. Celle-ci met en évidence une séparation explicite des contributions de l'excitation via son interspectre de pression pariétale, de celles du comportement vibro-acoustique du panneau via des fonctions appelées "fonctions de sensibilité". Supposant donc que l'interspectre de pression pariétale de l'excitation est connu, il suffit de déterminer expérimentalement ces fonctions de sensibilité, sur le panneau ou dans le milieu acoustique, pour déterminer par post-traitement la réponse du panneau à l'excitation considérée. Deux méthodes permettant de déterminer les fonctions de sensibilité seront étudiées numériquement et validées expérimentalement: la méthode par antenne synthétique et la méthode basée sur le principe de réciprocité. Pour étudier la validité de ces méthodes, on compare leurs résultats à ceux obtenus par des moyens standards sur la base de plusieurs indicateurs vibro-acoustiques. Les méthodes sont validées en considérant les deux types d'excitations évoqués précédemment et pour deux types de panneaux: un panneau académique et un panneau "complexe" issu du domaine aéronautique. / The experimental vibro-acoustic characterization of panels submitted to random pressure fields is of great interest in the industry as well as in research laboratories. For the transport sector, this type of excitation can be found when a turbulent flow develops at the wall of a moving vehicle for example. The pressure fluctuations induced by the turbulent boundary layer excite the panels which radiate a noise inside the cabin. The experimental reproduction of those pressure fluctuations requires test means which can be very costly (i.e., wind tunnel, in situ tests) and whose physical parameters can hardly be controlled. The repeatability of measurements can thereby be questioned which makes it hard to compare different technological solutions. A second example of random pressure field is the diffuse acoustic field. This latter is usually reproduced in a reverberant room which is often coupled with an anechoic chamber by means of the panel whose acoustic insulation is to be tested. A pressure field is assumed to be diffuse if the acoustic energy comes from every direction with an equiprobable intensity of the incident waves. This assumption is never fully reached in practice (lack of grazing incident waves, strong modal behavior of the room at low frequencies, etc.). A laboratory tool which allows reproducing the effect of those random excitations in a controlled environment is therefore of great interest. In this context, this thesis aims at developing an experimental method to characterize the vibro-acoustic behavior of panels under random pressure fields without using the common test means (wind tunnel, reverberant room, in situ tests, etc.). For relevance sake, this approach must compensate for the previously stated issues. The approaches studied in this work are based on the mathematical formulation of the problem in the wavenumber domain. This latter allows an explicit separation of the contributions of the excitation via the wall-pressure cross-spectrum, from those of the vibro-acoustic behavior of the panel via so-called `sensitivity functions'. Assuming the wall-pressure cross-spectrum of the excitation is known, it is only required to experimentally determine those sensitivity functions, on the panel or in the acoustic medium, to determine the response of the panel to the considered excitation by post-processing. Two methods aiming at determining the sensitivity functions will be numerically and experimentally studied: the source scanning technique and the method based on the reciprocity principle. Results obtained with those method are compared to measurements using standard test means to attest the validity of those methods. Several vibro-acoustic indicators will be confronted while considering the two previously mentioned excitations and for two types of panels: an academic panel and a `complex' from the aeronautic sector. This latter shows the applicability of the method in an industrial context.

Orientadores: Jonatas Manzolli, Stelamaris Rolla Bertoli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mannis_JoseAugusto_D.pdf: 7332479 bytes, checksum: c694f419a7ad3630d709d9c453b80cb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho é dirigido a soluções de conforto acústico para escuta e performance musical, considerando sobretudo aspectos psicoacústicos da escuta subjetiva de músicos e especialistas nesta área. A partir de critérios de avaliação acústica de salas para música em Beranek e princípios de design e funcionamento dos difusores de Schroeder, a pesquisa apresenta soluções originais de concepção e design de difusores a partir da técnica de composição musical com 12 sons de Schoenberg, e pode ser qualificada como inovação tecnológica. A escuta técnica e de apreciação musicais são ao mesmo tempo base, guia e eixo deste trabalho, assim como a melhoria de condições permitindo escutas de boa qualidade é seu objetivo. Perguntas como: ¿O que acontece no som que é importante para os músicos em performance?¿, ¿Como e o que o músico ouve?¿ e ¿O que é importante para a escuta musical?¿ estão profundamente presentes tanto neste trabalho quanto nos trabalhos de Beranek que, por essa razão, foi, teoricamente, um dos pontos de partida adotados. A pesquisa aqui realizada, bem como este trabalho, situa-se na confluência de três grandes áreas do conhecimento: Artes e Humanidades (Música, Sonologia, Arquitetura), Ciência (Física: Acústica) e Tecnologia (Engenharia de áudio, Acústica aplicada, com alguns recursos de Engenharia Civil e Engenharia Mecânica). Na introdução é destacada a importância do som e do silêncio tanto na música quanto na acústica. Como fundamentação teórica há uma exposição ampla de princípios de acústica relacionados, tipologia das simetrias, elementos da técnica de composição musical serial, aspectos desejáveis e indesejáveis em auditórios, parâmetros de avaliação acústica de salas, princípios e funcionamento de difusores acústicos. São propostas três soluções para novos tipos de difusores, bem como apresentados dois projetos detalhados de adequação acústica de salas para música onde são aplicados, com medição de resultados em um dos casos. É apresentada e discutida uma simulação de desempenho das superfícies seriais através de análise modal, verificando a qualidade e desempenho esperados dos difusores concebidos / Abstract: This study is aimed at acoustic comfort solutions for music listening and performance by mainly considering psychoacoustic aspects related to subjective listening of musicians and specialists concerned with this field of knowledge. Starting from acoustic evaluation criteria of music rooms (opera houses and concert halls) in Beranek and principles of design and operation of Schroeder Diffusers, this piece of research presents original solutions and conception as well as design solutions for diffusers by taking Schoenberg¿s 12- sounds musical composition technique as a starting point. This research can be qualified as technological innovation. Simultaneously, both technical listening and music appreciation listening stand for a basis, a guide, and a main point for this work, as well as the improving conditions that allow good quality listenings makes up its objective. Questions such as: ¿What is important in the sound for performing musicians?¿, ¿How and what does the musician listen to?¿ and ¿What is important for music listening?¿ are deeply present either in this research or in Beranek¿s works, which therefore have been theoretically deemed as one of the starting points in use. The research undertaken ¿ as well as this work ¿ lays within the confluence of three major fields of knowledge: Arts and Humanities (Music, Sonology, Architecture), Science (Physics: Acoustics), and Technology (Audio Engineering, Applied Acoustics, in addition to a few resources from Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering). The introduction emphasizes the importance of sound and silence either in music or acoustics. The theoretical basis include an extensive exposition of related acoustic principles, symmetry types, elements of serial musical composition technique, desirable and undesirable aspects in auditoriums, acoustic evaluation parameters of rooms, principles and operation of acoustic diffusers. Three solutions are proposed for new types of diffusers. Two detailed projects of acoustic appropriateness are presented for music rooms and concert halls, where they are applied and, in one of the cases, results therefrom are measured. A simulation of the performance obtained in serial surfaces through modal analysis by checking both quality and performance expected from the conceived diffusers is presented and discussed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Música

Orientador: José Maria Campos dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva_GuilhermeOrelli_M.pdf: 4245499 bytes, checksum: dbf4eaee15fa8956c837eb4d59464baf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Atualmente, um importante aspecto da pesquisa em acústica musical consiste em relacionar propriedades físicas mensuráveis de um instrumento musical e a avaliação subjetiva de sua qualidade sonora ou tonal. Tem sido necessário, portanto, o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos e numéricos para previsão do comportamento vibroacústico do instrumento, possibilitando a determinação de parâmetros objetivos que possam ser usados para controlar a sua qualidade tonal. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho realiza análises modais acústica, estrutural e vibroacústica (acoplamento entre fluido e estrutura), calculadas pelo método de elementos finitos (MEF), com o objetivo de determinar o comportamento dinâmico da caixa de ressonância da viola em termos de frequências naturais e as correspondentes formas dos modos. Primeiramente, é apresentado um modelo simplificado, que despreza as estruturas internas de reforço, mas adota as dimensões principais de uma viola real. Depois o mesmo modelo foi expandido, sendo acrescentados os reforços internos, porém com dimensões ainda aproximadas. Por fim, o terceiro modelo foi elaborado em relação às dimensões de uma viola real e seus respectivos reforços internos. Com isso, também foram realizados procedimentos experimentais a fim de verificar as capacidades e limitações do método computacional empregado. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos pelos métodos numéricos e experimentais são comparados e discutidos / Abstract: An important aspect of musical acoustics research is to identify the relationship of measurable physical properties of a musical instrument with the subjective evaluation of their sound quality or tone. Therefore, for musical instruments including resonance box, it is important to develop analytical or numerical methods to predict accurately its vibroacoustic behavior. These methods will enable the determination of key parameters that can be used to control the tone and sound quality. This work uses theoretical modal analysis with finite element method (FEM) to determine the dynamic behavior of a Brazilian guitar resonance box in terms of natural frequency and mode shapes. At first, is presented a simplified model that neglects the internal structures of reinforcement (struts, ribs, brackets, etc.), but adopts the main dimensions of a real Brazilian guitar. Then the same model was expanded with the addition of the internal reinforcements, but with approximate dimensions yet. Finally, the third model was designed regarding the dimensions of a real Brazilian guitar and their internal reinforcements. Experimental procedures were also performed to verify the capabilities and limitations of the computational method employed. The results obtained by numerical and experimental methods are compared and discussed / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Ce travail de thèse présente la formalisation du problème de couplage d'une plaque en vibration de flexion avec le sol. La notion d'impédance intermodale de rayonnement vibratoire est définie de façon analogue à son équivalent acoustique. A partir de cette définition, la notion de masse, raideur et amortissement modal ajoutée sur la structure par le sol est introduite. L'effet sur le niveau vibratoire de la structure est présenté, notamment l'effet très amortissant du sol sur la structure. Une comparaison avec le modèle équivalent acoustique est présentée avec une attention particulière portée sur les différences entre les impédances intermodales. L'influence de la stratification sur le niveau vibratoire de la structure fait apparaitre des phénomènes nouveaux sur la partie imaginaire de l'impédance intermodale. Une comparaison théorie-expérience a été effectuée dans le cas d'une dalle de tramway couplée au sol. On présente également une comparaison avec un code numérique, MEFISSTO développé par P. Jean au sein du CSTB. On présente également une extension du modèle d'une plaque couplée au sol au cas de couplage de deux plaques avec le sol. On montre notamment que l'écriture du problème reste très similaire au problème d'une plaque couplée au sol. Les impédances intermodales peuvent encore être définies avec la prise en compte du couplage des modes d'une plaque sur les modes de l'autre plaque. On présentera trois applications de ce modèle. La première concerne l'utilisation d'une Barrière Vibratoire Horizontale à la surface du sol pour atténuer les vibrations issues d'une première plaque modélisant la dalle de tramway. Finalement une ouverture du problème de couplage d'une plaque avec le sol par l'utilisation de ce modèle dans des problématiques inverses est présentée. On montre qu'il est possible par un problème inverse de remonter aux efforts injectés sur une dalle de tramway au passage de celui-ci. / This thesis is concerned with the coupling between a fexural vibrating plate and a stratifed ground. A semi-analytical solution is introduced similar to the equivalent acoustical problem. The ground cross modal impedance is defined in a similar way as the equivalent acoustical impedance. From this definition, the ground added mass, stiffness and damping to the plate are presented. Similarities and discrepancies between the acoustical and the ground cross modal impedance are introduced. Influence of the ground stratification on the plate vibration shows new phenomena especially on the imaginary part of the ground cross modal impedance. A comparison between the model developed in this thesis and an experiment made on a tramway slab has been done as well as a comparison with a numerical model, MEFISSTO developed by P. jean at CSTB. One introduces an extension of the modeling developed and is concerned with modeling two flexural plates to the ground. It can be pointed out that problem formulation is still close to the problem formulation of one plate coupled to the ground. Three different fields of application of such modeling is presented. The first field of application is concerned with ground mitigation due to the passing tramway on. The first plate is the excited plate by the tramway and the second plate, called Horizontal Wave Barrier, is acting at the top surface as a ground attenuator. The second field of application is concerned with the modeling of building foundation. It is shown that the vibration received by the foundation of a building can be an input data for modeling an entire building vibration. The third field of application is concerned with different cases of tramway slab for reduction of ground vibration. Finally one presents an introduction of the use of this ground structure modeling in the case of inverse problem. It is shown that it is possible to identify injected force to the plate by the tramway. Furthermore the ground allows a regularization of the problem in the inversion which is not the case in the acoustical case.

La reconstruction de champ source a pour but d’identifier le champ d’excitation en mesurant la réponse du système. Pour l’Holographie acoustique de champ proche (Near-field Acoustic Holography), la réponse du système (pression acoustique rayonnée) est mesurée sur un hologramme bidimensionnel utilisant un réseau de microphones et le champ source (le champ de vitesse acoustique) est reconstruit par une technique de rétropropagation effectuée dans le domaine des nombres d’ondes. L’objectif des travaux présentés est d’utiliser le même type de techniques pour reconstruire le champ de déplacement sur toute la surface d’une plaque en mesurant les vibrations sur des hologrammes à une dimension (lignes de mesures). Dans le domaine vibratoire, l’équation du mouvement de plaque implique la présence de 4 types d’ondes différents, deux étant purement évanescents. Ces derniers peuvent introduire des instabilités dans l’application de la méthode, notamment lorsque les hologrammes sont placés dans le champ lointain des efforts appliqués à la structure. La méthode présentée ici, appelée ”Holographie Vibratoire”, est particulièrement intéressante quand une mesure directe du champ de vitesse est impossible. L’holographie vibratoire permet également de séparer les sources dans le cas d’excitations multiples en les considérant comme des ondes allers ou retours. Il est alors possible d’isoler l’influence de chaque source et de quantifier notamment les champs d’intensités structurales que chacune d’elles génère. L’objectif de cette thèse est de présenter les principes de l’holographie Vibratoire, ses limites, ses applications et de les illustrer par des exemples sur plaque infinie, plaque appuyée et sur des résultats expérimentaux. / The source field reconstruction aims at identifying the excitation field measuring the response of the system. In Near-field Acoustic Holography, the response of the system (the radiated acoustic pressure) is measured on a hologram using a microphones array and the source field (the acoustic velocity field) is reconstructed with a back-propagation technique performed in the wave number domain. The objective of the present works is to use such a technique to reconstruct displacement field on the whole surface of a plate by measuring vibrations on a one-dimensional holograms. This task is much more difficult in the vibratory domain because of the complexity of the equation of motion of the structure. The method presented here and called "Structural Holography" is particularly interesting when a direct measurement of the velocity field is not possible. Moreover, Structural Holography decreases the number of measurements required to reconstruct the displacement field of the entire plate. This method permits to separate the sources in the case of multi-sources excitations by considering them as direct or back waves. It’s possible to compute the structural intensity of one particular source without the contributions of others sources. The aim of this PHD is to present the principles of Structural Holography, its limits, its applications and illustrate them with examples of infinite plate, supported plate and on experimental results.

Les spectroscopies de diffusion inélastique de la lumière (Raman/Brillouin) sont un outil versatile qui permet d'étudier les phonons thermiques de la matière à différentes échelles. Dans les milieux nano-granulaires, l'étude des phonons acoustiques dont la longueur d'onde est grande devant le diamètre D des grains (?/D >> 1) permet de caractériser l'élasticité macroscopique gouvernée par la loi du contact de Hertz. La validité de la loi de contact est étudiée pour des poudres d'oxyde constituées de nanoparticules sphériques d'une taille de quelques nanomètres. Lorsque la demi-longueur d'onde des phonons acoustiques devient égale à la dimension du confinement (diamètre D pour les sphères, épaisseur e pour une plaquette), la propagation n'est plus possible et un phénomène de résonance mécanique apparaît. La spectroscopie Raman basse fréquence a été utilisée pour caractériser les modes de vibration acoustique de nanoplaquettes semiconductrices habillées d'un « manteau » organique. Lorsque l'épaisseur est suffisamment faible (e ~1 nm) une forte déviation de la fréquence de résonance est observée par rapport au modèle de la plaquette libre, attribuée à la présence des molécules organiques et est interprétée par un effet nano-balance. Lorsque l'objet confinant est un nano-dimère métallique, une hybridation plasmonique et acoustique des nanoparticules ont lieu conjointement. L'excitation résonante du plasmon dimèrique permet d'observer à l'échelle d'un dimère unique la diffusion par les modes de vibration dipolaire hybridé l=1 ainsi que les modes non hybridés de moment angulaire l >2, interdits par les règles de sélection précédemment établies pour ce régime de taille / Inelastic light scattering spectroscopies (Raman/Brillouin) are a versatile tool to study thermal phonons at various scales. In nano-granular media, the study of acoustic phonons with a wavelength much greater than the grain diameter D (?/D >> 1) allows one to characterize the macroscopic elasticity governed by Hertz law of the contact. The validity of Hertz law is studied for powders made of oxide nanoparticles a few nanometers in diameter. When the phonon half-wavelength reaches the confinement dimension (diameter D for spheres, thickness e for plates) propagation is forbidden and mechanical resonances occur. Low frequency Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize the acoustic resonances of semiconducting nanoplatelets “dressed” with an organic surfactant layer. When the thickness becomes thin enough (e ~ 1 nm), the resonance frequency is significantly downshifted compared to a free platelet, attributed to a mass load effect due to the organic molecules. When the confining object is a metallic nano-dimer, both plasmonic and acoustic hybridization occur at the same time. The resonant excitation of the dimeric plasmon allows one to observe down to single nano-object scale the inelastic scattering by dimer hybridized dipolar vibration modes l=1 as well as non-hybridized modes with higher angular momentum l >2, known to be Raman inactive in this size range according to previously established selection rules. Possibilities for a new plasmon-vibration coupling mechanism are discussed

Au cours des vingt dernières années, la diffusion inélastique de la lumière par les modes propres de vibration des nanoparticules, appelés modes de Lamb, s’est avérée être une méthode très efficace pour caractériser la taille et les propriétés mécaniques des nano-objets. La fréquence de résonance d’une nano-sphère, dans la gamme du gigahertz, est donnée, en première approximation, par le ratio de la vitesse acoustique du matériau massif et la taille du confinement. Les raffinements du modèle théorique permettent d’obtenir, à partir de ces modes de vibration, des informations essentielles sur la géométrie et l’environnement local des nano-objets. L’objectif de cette thèse est de sonder le domaine de validité du modèle de Lamb, d’analyser les différents impacts de l’environnement sur ces modes de vibration et de développer de nouvelles méthodes pour les mesurer. Plusieurs aspects de l’interaction avec le milieu extérieur peuvent ainsi être pris en considération selon le type de système étudié. D’une part, la délocalisation de l’onde acoustique dans le cas de systèmes cœur-coquille, qui est gouvernée par les impédances acoustiques respectives du cœur et de la coquille, et qui se traduit par un couplage mécanique. D’autre part, l’effet de masse inertielle induite par la présence de ligands organiques à la surface de la particule qui modifie la fréquence de résonance. La validité de ces deux approches est ainsi discutée en fonction de la configuration des objets considérés, puis ces modèles théoriques sont appliqués à des cas réels tels que des nanoparticules cœur-coquille et des nano-plaquettes de semi-conducteurs ou des agrégats métalliques colloïdaux. L’effet de masse inertielle s’avère non négligeable pour des objets de petites tailles et il est ainsi montré la faisabilité de réaliser des nano-balances ultra-sensibles capable de sonder l’environnement proche des nano-objets. Par ailleurs, dans le cas des agrégats d’or, cette approche permet de discuter les limites du modèle de Lamb, basé sur la théorie des milieux continus, sur des vibrations n’impliquant que six atomes. Ainsi, grâce à la spectroscopie Raman basses fréquences, il apparait que les résultats expérimentaux des vibrations de ces objets s’accordent à la fois avec l’approche des milieux continus en considérant l’effet de masse inertielle et aussi avec les calculs de dynamique moléculaire. Finalement, le développement expérimental d’un montage optique capable de mesurer ces modes Raman basses fréquences sur une particule unique en milieu liquide est présenté. Cette approche nécessite de localiser une particule en milieu liquide à l’aide de nano-pinces plasmoniques puis d’exalter le signal Raman basses fréquences en stimulant les modes de vibration par électrostriction. Les perspectives étant d’appliquer cette méthode à l’étude de la dynamique vibrationnelle de nano-objet unique tel que des virus ou des protéines / Over the past twenty years, inelastic light scattering by vibrational eigenmodes of nanoparticles, called Lamb modes, has proven to be an effective method for characterizing the size and mechanical properties of nano-objects. The resonant frequency of a nano-sphere, in the gigahertz range, is given, as a first approximation, by the ratio of the acoustic velocity of the bulk material and the size of confinement. The refinements of the theoretical model allow to obtain, from these eigenmodes, information on the shape and local environment of nano-objects.The objective of this thesis is to probe the domain of validity of the Lamb model, to analyze the different impacts of the environment on eigenmodes and to develop a new strategy to measure them. Several aspects of interaction with the external medium can be considered depending on the system studied. On the one hand, the delocalization of the acoustic wave in the case of core shell systems is ruled by the acoustic impedance of the core and the shell and leads to a mechanical coupling. On the other hand, the inertial mass effect induced by the presence of organic ligands on the surface of the particle modifies the resonant frequency. The validity of both approaches is discussed according to the configuration and these models are applied to real cases, such as semiconductor core shell nanoparticles and nanoplatelets, or gold colloidal clusters. The inertial mass effect is significant for small objects and it is shown the feasibility to realize ultra-sensitive nano-balance capable of probing the local environment of nano-objects. Furthermore, in the case of gold clusters, this approach makes it possible to discuss the limit of the Lamb model, based on continuum mechanics, to interpret vibrations involving only six atoms. Thanks to low frequency Raman spectroscopy, it appears that the experimental results are in good agreement with both the continuum mechanics approach, by considering the inertial mass effect, and also with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the experimental development of an optical set-up capable of measuring low frequency Raman modes on a single nanoparticle in a liquid medium is presented. This technic requires to localize a nanoparticle in a liquid medium with plasmonic tweezers and to enhance the low frequency Raman signal by stimulating vibrational modes with electrostriction. The perspectives are to apply this method to the dynamical study of a single object such as viruses or proteins.