Les silicones acrylates photoréticulés sont largement utilisés dans les revêtements de divers matériaux. Leur production nécessite l’utilisation d’un photoamorceur considéré comme potentiellement reprotoxique, ce qui impose aux producteurs de revêtements silicones d’imaginer des formulations alternatives. L’augmentation de la consommation de ce type de revêtements amène à s’interroger sur leur devenir au cours et en fin de vie dans les filières de traitement des déchets et sur l’influence du changement de photoamorceur sur le comportement environnemental des revêtements. Ce domaine de recherche demande la mise en place d’une méthodologie spécifique, alliant des expériences de dégradation physico-chimiques et biologiques. Deux types de revêtements photoréticulés par deux photoamorceurs différents : le Darocur 1173 et Darocur 1173 modifié (nouveau photoamorceur) font l’objet de cette étude. L’exposition des revêtements silicones aux UV a montré que ces composés sont facilement dégradables et sensibles au photovieillissement. L’enduction silicone augmente, elle, la photosensibilité des films revêtus. Dans un contexte de fin de vie, les essais réalisés sur la matrice silicone ont permis de mettre en évidence une légère hydrolyse chimique des chaines siloxanes, non biodégradables aussi bien en aérobiose qu’en anaérobiose mais dont la présence n’inhibe pas l’activité microbienne. Les photoamorceurs testés présentent des comportements totalement différents face à la lixiviation et à la dégradation biologique: ainsi, le Darocur 1173 est très mobile en phase aqueuse, facilement assimilable par les microorganismes comme source primaire de carbone en conditions aérobies contrairement au Darocur 1173 modifié. Qu’il y ait eu biodégradation ou non, la structure de la communauté microbienne est influencée différemment suivant le photoamorceur utilisé. L’utilisation du Darocur 1173 modifié permet de diminuer le risque de migration et sa toxicité potentielle dans les revêtements silicones. La démarche mise en œuvre apporte de nombreuses informations quant aux impacts environnementaux et pourra servir d’exemple pour l’étude d’autres déchets silicones. / Photocrosslinked silicones acrylates are widely used in coatings of various materials. Their production requires the use of photoinitiator considered as potentially reprotoxic, which requires producers of silicone coatings to devise alternative formulations. Consumption increase of this type of coatings raises questions about their fate during and at their end-of-life in waste treatment channels and the influence of photoinitiator change on the environmental behavior of the coatings. This research area needs the use of a specific methodology, combining physico-chemical and biological degradation experiments. Two types of coatings photocrosslinked by two different photoinitiators: Darocur 1173 and modified Darocur 1173 (new photoinitiator) are the subject of this study. UV exposure of silicone coatings showed that these materials are easily degradable and sensitive to photoageing. The silicone coating increases the photosensitivity of coated films. At the end-of-life stage, performed experiments on silicone coatings revealed a slight chemical hydrolysis of the non-biodegradable siloxane chains, both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. However, these materials does not inhibit the microbial activity. The tested photoinitiators have totally different behavior regarding the leaching and biological degradation: Darocur 1173 is very mobile in aqueous phase, easily assimilated by microorganisms as a primary sole of carbon under aerobic conditions in contrast to modified Darocur 1173. Whether there has been biodegradation or not, the structure of microbial communities is influenced differently depending on the used photoinitiator. Modified Darocur 1173 reduces the risk of migration and its potential toxicity in silicone coatings. The implemented approach brings a lot of information about the environmental impacts and can serve as an example for the study of other silicone waste.

Acrylic resins, synthesized from a mixture of monomers selected from the methacrylate, acrylate and styrene families, are the base polymer components for many automotive coatings due to their excellent chemical and mechanical properties. The low molecular weight polymers with reactive functionalities are made via high-temperature starved-feed free-radical solution semibatch terpolymerization, operating conditions that greatly promote the importance of secondary reactions, such as methacrylate depropagation, and acrylate backbiting, chain scission and macromonomer propagation. In this work, a generalized model for styrene/methacrylate/acrylate terpolymerization has been developed and formulated in the PREDICI software package and poorly understood high temperature mechanisms have been studied. Unknown rate coefficients for methacrylate depropagation, reactivity of acrylate macromonomer and penultimate copolymerization kinetics were determined via separate kinetic experiments. The generality of the terpolymerization mechanistic model was verified against data obtained under a range of polymerization conditions, and provides an exclusive insight into the kinetic complexity of methacrylate/styrene/acrylate terpolymerization at high temperatures. / Thesis (Ph.D, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-04-28 19:56:36.906

L'acrylate d'éthyle est synthétisé par l'estérification catalytique de l'acide acrylique et de l'éthanol. La réaction s'écrit : CH2=CH-COOH + C2H5OH D CH2=CH-COOC2H5 + H2O Comme cette réaction est équilibrée, l'élimination de l'eau produit par la réaction permet de déplacer la réaction, donc d'augmenter le taux de conversion de l'acide acrylique et la productivité en acrylate d'éthyle. La pervaporation est une technique de séparation membranaire, qui est potentiellement intéressante pour la déshydratation de mélanges organiques. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié le procédé industriel de l'estérification de l'acrylate d'éthyle qui est continu. C'est la première fois que la pervaporation d'un mélange complexe contenant des dérivés acryliques polymérisables est étudiée. Tout d'abord le procédé continu d'estérification a été simulé sur Aspen Plus. Une analyse du schéma de procédé a permis d'identifier deux scénarii d'amélioration des performances énergétiques par pervaporation. Dans le scénario le plus favorable, la pervaporation permet de réduire de 25% la consommation d'énergie ou d'augmenter de 25% la production. Dans la deuxième partie de notre étude, des membranes commerciales ont été testées pour déshydrater des mélanges représentatifs du milieu d'estérification. Les membranes testées ont montrées de bonnes performances de séparation (flux et sélectivité élevées) et de bonnes résistances chimiques. La faisabilité de l'intégration de la pervaporation au procédé est donc prouvée / Ethyl acrylate is synthesized by the catalytic esterification of acrylic acid and ethanol. The reaction can be described as: CH2=CH-COOH + C2H5OH D CH2=CH-COOC2H5 + H2O Since this reaction is reversible, the removal of the water helps shifting the reaction to the right side, thus increasing the conversion of acrylic acid to ethyl acrylate. Pervaporation is a membrane separation technique which is helpful for the dehydration of organic mixtures. In this work, we studied the industrial process for the esterification of ethyl acrylate which is continuous. To our knowledge this is the first time that the pervaporation of a mixture containing polymerizable acrylic derivatives is studied. Firstly, the continuous esterification process was simulated on Aspen Plus. An analysis of the flowsheet diagram has identified two scenarios for improving energy performance through implementing dehydration pervaporation. In the most favorable scenario, the pervaporation can reduce 25% energy consumption or increase 25% ethyl acrylate production. In the second part of our study, commercial membranes were tested for dehydrating mixtures which are representative of esterification reaction. The tested membranes offered good separation performance (high flux and selectivity) and high chemical resistance. The feasibility of the hybrid process is thus proven

In this thesis, different approaches in synthesizing molecular resist are examined, and structure-property relations for the molecular resist properties are studied. This allows for design of resists that could be studied further as either negative or positive tone resists in photolithography. A series of compounds having different number of acrylate moiety, and different backbones were investigated for photoresist application. Thermal curing of acrylate compounds in organic solvent was also examined. Film shrinkage, as well as auto-polymerization was observed for these compounds that make them unsuitable as photoresist material. Furthermore, calix[4]resorcinarenes (C4MR) was chosen as backbone, and the functional groups was selected as oxetane and epoxy. Full functionalized C4MR compounds with oxetane, epoxy and allyl were synthesized. Variable-temperature NMR of C4MR-8Allyl was studied in order to get a better understanding of the structure’s conformers. Energy barrier of exchange (ΔG#) was determined from coalescence temperatures, and was 57.4 KJ/mol for aromatic and vinyl hydrogens and 62.1 KJ/mol for allylic hydrogens.

Photopolymerization, which uses light rather than heat to initiate polymerization, is a facile technique used to fabricate adhesives, protective coatings, thin films, photo-resists, dental restoratives, and other materials. Epoxide monomers, which are polymerized via cationic photoinitiation, have received less attention in fundamental research in comparison to free radical polymerized acrylate monomers. The characterization of propagation mechanisms, network structures, and physical properties is yet lacking. This project focused on the reactivity and physical properties of 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (EEC), and the kinetic and physical effects of chain transfer agents (CTAs) in EEC based formulations were characterized. This characterization was carried out using real-time Raman spectroscopy, real-time infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, simple gel fraction measurements, and atomic force microscopy. The effects of water, organic alcohols, processing conditions (e.g., UV light intensity, humidity, post-illumination curing temperature), and photoinitiation systems were investigated. In general, increasing the concentration of CTAs in a crosslinking epoxide resin increases the rate of polymerization and the overall epoxide conversion level. High CTA levels also correspond to lower glass transition temperatures (Tg) and lower crosslink densities. A post-illumination annealing was critical in obtaining stable physical properties for high Tg epoxide materials. In addition, humidity (water being the most universal contaminant type of CTA) was found to impact the surface properties of an epoxide polymer negatively by reducing the surface hardness. Hybrid acrylate-epoxide systems are much more complex and unpredictable in curing behavior. The use of hydroxy acrylates in hybrid systems allows for grafting between the epoxide and the acrylate domains, via the AM mechanism. Another intricacy of hybrid systems is the initiation system. In order to maximize the conversion of both the epoxide and the acrylate moieties, the free-radical photoinitiator must not hinder the polymerization of the epoxide monomer. Some very efficient free-radical photoinitiators limit the epoxide polymerization by absorbing the majority of the deep-UV incident photons. Finally, a renewable acrylate oligomer was synthesized to provide a green alternative to petroleum-based oligomers currently used. The oligomer was freely miscible and readily photopolymerized with a wide range of commercial monomers. The Tg relationship between the commercial monomers and the parent resin followed the Fox equation. The results of this research provide strategies for controlling epoxide kinetics and physical properties in neat and hybrid systems. This information is useful for tailoring resin formulations to specific end-use applications, especially in films, coatings, and adhesives. Hybrid epoxide-acrylate photopolymerization affords the unique opportunity to structure polymer networks in time and to engineer advanced material properties. These hybrid systems are based on formulations that contain both an epoxide moiety, which undergoes cationic ring-opening photopolymerization, and an acrylate moiety, which undergoes free-radical photopolymerization. Through the combination of these two independent reactive systems, hybrid polymers exhibit lower sensitivity to oxygen and moisture and offer advantages such as increased cure speed and improved film-forming properties. The ability to design the polymer network architecture and to tune mechanical properties can be realized through control of the cationic active center propagation reaction relative to the cationic chain transfer reaction. Specifically, grafted polymer networks can be developed through the covalent bonding of the epoxide chains to the acrylate chains via hydroxyl substituents. This work demonstrates the formation of these grafted polymer networks and overviews the physical properties obtained through control of hydroxyl content and hybrid formulation composition.

L'incorporation de monomères fonctionnalisés dans la chaine de polyéthylène linéaire permet d'en modifier les propriétés et d'élargir sa gamme d'application. Le meilleur moyen d'y parvenir est par copolymérisation catalytique de l'éthylène avec des monomères polaires. A l'heure actuelle, les catalyseurs les plus efficaces pour réaliser ce type de copolymérisation sont des complexes neutres de palladium de type Pd[P^O]MeL comportant un ligand phosphine sulfonate bidentate ainsi qu'un ligand labile L (pyridine, lutidine, dmso). Cependant, ces catalyseurs présentent des activités catalytiques trop faibles et sont trop couteux pour une éventuelle application industrielle. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était l'élaboration de nouveaux catalyseurs de polymérisation de l'éthylène et de copolymérisation de l'éthylène avec des monomères polaires. Le but était de synthétiser une nouvelle famille de ligands phosphines sulfonate de type R2P(C6H4-o-SO3H) en variant les groupements R puis d'utiliser ces ligands pour préparer les complexes de palladium correspondants . Dans une première étude, une série de phosphines d'aryle sulfonate de type Ar2P(C6H4-o-SO3H, où Ar = phényle (Ph), naphtyle (Np), phénanthryle (Pa) et anthracényle (An) fut préparée. Ces phosphines encombrées furent utilisées pour générer des complexes de palladium de type [R2P(C6H4-o-SO3)PdMe(pyridine)]. Les rendements observés pour la synthèse des catalyseurs correspondants présentent l'ordre suivant : Ph > Np > Pa > An, ce qui ne correspond pas à la basicité des ligands, indiquant ainsi que se sont les facteurs stériques qui influent le plus sur la réactivité de ces phosphines sur l'atome métallique. Ces composés se sont tous avérés efficaces pour catalyser la polymérisation de l'éthylène à 85°C (P = 300psi), avec des activités catalytiques diminuant selon l'ordre : Ph > Np > Pa > An. Les polymères générés sont hautement linéaires. Le catalyseur préparé à partir de la phosphine pour laquelle Ar = Ph est aussi en mesure d'incorporer des monomères polaires comme les acrylates avec des taux d'incorporation pouvant atteindre 15%. Cependant, les trois autres catalyseurs n'ont montré aucune activité en copolymérisation. Dans une seconde étude, l'influence des substituants R de la phosphine sur l'activité catalytique et les masses molaires fut étudiée d'une façon systématique. La phosphine au caractère donneur le plus faible préparée pour cette étude, (C6F5)2P(C6H4-o-SO3H), a présenté une activité très faible pour la polymérisation in situ de l'éthylène en présence de Pd(dba)2 et a produit du polyéthylène de très faible masse molaire (Mw = 1200 g/mol). La phosphine possédant le caractère σ-donneur le plus fort, (tBu)2P(C6H4-o-SO3H) , a présenté une activité très élevé, polymérisant rapidement l'éthylène à température ambiante pour générer un polymère linéaire de haute masse molaire (Mw = 116 000 g/mol). Nous avons démontré de façon claire l'influence du caractère σ-donneur du ligand phosphine sur l'activité catalytique de polymérisation pour ces complexes. Nous avons aussi rapporté que la phosphine (tBu)(Ph)P(C6H4-o-SO3H) est active pour l'incorporation de l'acrylate de méthyle (MA) en quantité importante (jusqu'à 28%) ainsi que pour l'homopolymérisation du MA. Le second objectif de cette thèse était la synthèse de nouveaux catalyseurs de polymérisation de l'éthylène à base de ruthénium, un métal moins couteux que le palladium. Nous avons préparé des complexes de ruthénium contenant des ligands phosphine sulfonate de type Ru[P^O]n et Ru[P^O]2(H2O)2 . Après activation au MAO, ces complexes se sont avérés actifs pour la polymérisation de l'éthylène, générant du polyéthylène réticulé de très hautes masses molaires (Mn = 610 000 g/mol). Les activités observées peuvent atteindre 2200 moles d'éthylène par mole de ruthénium. Ce système catalytique permet aussi la copolymérisation de l'éthylène avec le 1-hexène ainsi que le norbornène comme démontré par le faible point de fusion des copolymères formés. Cependant dû à la nature insoluble des copolymères obtenus, le taux d'insertion est difficile à déterminer. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Polymérisation, éthylène, palladium, ruthénium, phosphines, oléfines, acrylates.

Dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche visant le développement d'une matrice alternative au PVC dans la fabrication de couvre-planchers, cette étude traite de la plastification de différentes matrices polymères chargées par le CaCO 3 . L'objectif global du projet, c'est-à-dire le remplacement du PVC dans la composition des couvre-planchers, est motivé par les effets néfastes de ce plastique sur la santé et 1'environnement. Dans l'introduction, le contexte social derrière l'utilisation du PVC, les travaux antérieurs du groupe de recherche, et la place qu'occupe cette étude dans l'objectif global du projet seront abordés. Ensuite, dans le CHAPITRE 1, un survol de la chimie des polymères et de la plastification sera fait. La première partie des résultats (CHAPITRE 3) traite de la plastification de composites à base d'ionomères poly(éthylène- co- acide méthacrylique), i- E/MAA. Ce type de polymère possède une morphologie complexe lui procurant d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques, mais une mise en oeuvre difficile. L'effet de différents plastifiants polymériques de la famille des polyglycols sur les propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques des composites est discuté. Plus spécifiquement, le PEG, le PPG et les P(EG- co- PG) blocs/aléatoires ont été étudiés. L'effet de ces additifs sur le couple requis lors du mélange, sur l'adhésion, ainsi que sur le comportement mécanique du matériau lors d'une déformation dynamique et locale, ont été analysés. Les résultats sont traités en lien avec les propriétés physico-chimiques (polarité, cristallinité, T f , viscosité, structure) des plastifiants. Cette étude a permis d'identifier les facteurs critiques derrière la performance de cette famille de plastifiant dans ce type de matrice et d'établir une ligne directrice quant à la sélection d'une structure optimale. La seconde partie des résultats (CHAPITRE 4) porte sur le développement d'une nouvelle matrice à base d'un mélange binaire plastifié composé de PMMA et de i-E/MAA. Ce système alternatif est inspiré de la morphologie du PVC plastifié. En premier lieu, la plastification du PMMA par différents additifs commerciaux a été investiguée. Notamment, l'effet des plastifiants sur la température de transition vitreuse (T g ) du PMMA et sur les propriétés mécaniques du composite ont été analysés. Les résultats sont comparés avec la miscibilité prédite à partir de paramètres de solubilité (?) calculés par modélisation atomistique et trouvés dans la littérature. En se basant sur ces résultats, un plastifiant vert issu de ressources renouvelables a été retenu. Dans un deuxième temps, le renforcement du PMMA plastifié par les i-E/MAA a été étudié. L'effet des i-E/MAA sur les propriétés mécaniques et sur le procédé de mélange du composite de PMMA plastifié ont été analysés. L'influence du plastifiant sur la cristallinité des i-E/MAA et la stabilité des agrégats ioniques, ainsi que la répartition de l'additif dans les différentes phases du mélange, ont été vérifiés afin d'expliquer les tendances obtenues. Cette étude a mené à la proposition de matrices alternatives pour la fabrication de couvre-planchers dont les résultats sont prometteurs, malgré certaines propriétés ne respectant pas les requis pour l'application visée. [symboles non conformes]

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-263). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Orientadores: Rubens Maciel Filho, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T05:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ambrogi_LuizGustavo_M.pdf: 1521602 bytes, checksum: 8777faa756b62d452583b2eb62dd629a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Para a síntese do acrilato de etila, foi desenvolvido um modelo contínuo bidimensional estacionário para um reator tubular, considerando transferência de calor e massa por dispersão radial e convecção axial. Foi assumido o modelo pseudo-homogêneo sendo do tipo ¿plug-flow¿, o qual se mostrou adequado para as condições de escoamento utilizadas. Todos os elementos necessários à modelagem detalhada do processo foram estabelecidos, incluindo informações experimentais, bem como as correlações para cálculo das propriedades físicas dos componentes puros, os métodos de cálculo respectivos à mistura, as correlações para estimativa dos parâmetros de transferência de massa e energia e a perda de carga. O modelo foi desenvolvido para trabalhar com diferentes métodos numéricos. Uma adimensionalização das variáveis foi realizada antes da discretização das equações diferenciais parciais pelo Método de Colocação Ortogonal. A solução numérica é baseada na implementação do Método das Linhas, o qual é uma combinação de um método de colocação ortogonal na dimensão radial e uma integração axial pelo método de Runge- Kutta de 4 ª ordem. Um método baseado na Quadratura de Gaus-Jacobi foi utilizado para o cálculo das médias das propriedades físicas na radial para cada intervalo de integração. O comportamento do reator é investigado em função de sua sensibilidade a um grupo de parâmetros de projeto e operação. Este software, que na verdade é uma planta virtual, foi utilizado para representar a produção do acrilato de etila em escala industrial em um reator multitubular. O catalisador utilizado foi ácido sulfúrico e as informações sobre a cinética foram suficientes para abordar várias operações compatíveis com as condições industriais. A reação é endotérmica, homogênea, possui uma cinética de segunda ordem e ocorre na fase líquida. A temperatura de reação utilizada foi em torno de 80 ºC, e o fluido de aquecimento utilizado foi o Dowterm A. Para etapa de separação utilizou-se um software comercial, no caso o Aspen Plus. Esta etapa compreendeu primeiramente a caracterização termodinâmica da mistura reacional, e em seguida, a simulação dos principais equipamentos utilizados na separação, visando a otimização do processo. O Acrilato de etila é um éster produzido a partir do ácido acrílico e do etanol. Ésteres acrílicos como este, são mundialmente utilizados para a produção de polímeros, os quais por sua vez, são utilizados principalmente na indústria de tintas e vernizes, adesivos, couro, papel, e tecidos. O que motivou este trabalho, foram os recentes avanços no desenvolvimento de uma rota bioquímica para a síntese do ácido acrílico, utilizando a cana de açúcar como matéria prima. Hoje o ácido acrílico é produzido pela oxidação do propeno, ou seja, uma rota petroquímica. Como o etanol também é produzido no Brasil a partir da cana de açúcar, com um preço muito competitivo comparado à via petroquímica, é possível desenvolver uma ¿rota verde¿, a qual pelos resultados encontrados, é interessante tanto do ponto de vista financeiro quanto ambiental / Abstract: For the synthesis of ethyl acrylate, a continuous bi-dimensional steady-state model for a tubular reactor is developed, considering heat and mass transfer by radial dispersion and axial convection. The model is pseudo-homogeneous and is assumed a plug flow type, which it quite reasonable for the used flow conditions. All the elements necessary to the detailed process modeling were established, including experimental information as well as the correlations to calculate the pure-component physical properties, the respective mixture properties calculations methods, the correlations to estimate heat and mass transfer parameters and pressure drop. The model is built and rearranged to be solved for different numerical methods. An adimensionalization of the variables was carried out before the discretization of the partial differential equations by Orthogonal Collocation method. The numerical solution is based on the method of lines implementation, which is a combination of an orthogonal collocation method in the radial dimension and an axial integration by an explicit 4th order Runge-Kutta method. A Gauss-Jacobi quadrature based method for the radial mean physical properties calculations is used as an internal procedure for each integration interval. This software, in fact a virtual plant, was used to represent the industrial scale production in a multitubular reactor. The catalyst used was sulfuric acid and the information about kinetic was available to cover a broad range of operations compatible with industrial conditions. The kinetic is of second order, homogeneous and the reaction is endothermic and it takes place in the liquid phase. The reactor temperature was about 80 ºC, and Dowtherm A was used as heater fluid. The commercial software Aspen Plus, was used for the separation step. This step includes firstly a thermodynamic characterization of reaction mixture, and after, the simulation of the major equipments used in the separation step, aiming the process optimization. Ethyl acrylate is an ester produced from acrylic acid and ethyl alcohol. Acrylic esters such this, are worldwide used, primarily for polymers production, mainly for coatings, paints, adhesives, and binders for leather, paper, and textiles. The motivation of this work, was the recent advances in the development of biochemical route for the synthesis of acrylic acid by the sugar cane. Today the acrylic acid is produced by the propene oxidation, or a petrochemical route. As the ethyl alcohol is already produced in Brazil by the sugar cane, in a very competitive price compared to petrochemical via, it is possible to develop a ¿green route¿, which by the results found, is both interesting in a financial and environmental point of view / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Photopolymerization of epoxy-acrylate hybrid resins takes advantages of inherent properties present in the free-radical and cationic reactions to reduce oxygen inhibition problems that plague free-radical reactions. Similarly, the combined reaction mechanisms reduce moisture sensitivity of the cationic reactions. Despite the advantages of epoxy-acrylate hybrid resins, problems persist that need to be addressed. For example, low conversion and polymerization rate of the epoxides are a problem, because the fast acrylate conversion prevents the epoxide from reaching high conversion. Controlling phase separation is challenging, since two moieties with different properties are reacting. The physical properties of the polymer will be impacted by the availability of different moieties. High shrinkage stress results from the acrylate moiety, causing buckling and cracking in film and coating applications. The overall goal of this study is to use the fundamental knowledge of epoxy-acrylate hybrid resins to formulate industrially viable polymers. In order to achieve this goal, the study focuses on the following objectives: (I) determine the apparent activation energy of the hybrid monomer METHB, (II) increase epoxide conversion and polymerization rate of hybrid formulations, and (III) control physical properties in epoxy-acrylate hybrid resins. In order to increase the epoxide conversion and rate of polymerization, the sensitivity of epoxides to alcohol is used to facilitate the activated monomer (AM) mechanism and induce a covalent bond between the epoxide and acrylate polymers through the hydroxyl group. It is hypothesized that if the AM mechanism is facilitated, epoxide conversion will increase. As a result, the resins can be tailored to control phase separation and physical properties, and shrinkage stress can be reduced. In pursuit of these objectives, the hybrid monomer METHB was polymerized at temperatures ranging from 30°C to 70°C to obtain apparent activation energy of 23.49 kJ/mol for acrylate and 57 kJ/mol for epoxide moeities. Then, hybrid systems pairing hydroxyl-containing acrylates with epoxides were formulated to promote the faster AM mechanism. Monomer composition was changed in the presence of hydroxyl-containing acrylate, and initiators were carefully selected in order to control phase separation. The conversion of acrylate and epoxide was monitored in real time by Raman spectroscopy. The physical and mechanical properties were monitored using dynamic mechanical analysis. Epoxide conversion and rate of polymerization in epoxide-acrylate hybrid monomer systems were shown to increase through the introduction of a hydroxyl group on the meth/acrylate monomer, taking advantage of the faster AM mechanism. In addition, this covalent bond linking the epoxide network to the meth/acrylate polymer chains resulted in little or no phase separation and a reduction of the Tg for the hybrid polymer compared to the neat epoxide. Fundamental knowledge gained from this research will enable the use of epoxy-acrylate hybrid resins in variety of applications. For instance, shrinkage may be reduced in dental fillings, noise and vibration problems in aircraft and other machinery may be controlled, and photopolymerization cost could be reduced in thin film applications.