Oral mucositis is a painful and debilitating chronic inflammatory condition that can result from chemo and/or radiotherapy. While current treatment strategies which provide temporary relief exist, there is still an unmet clinical need for a robust long active barrier strategy which can simultaneously provide protection and release drug to enhance the wound healing response. It is proposed that an affinity based layer-by-layer self-assembled barrier administered as a series of mouth rinses can allow for wound specific drug delivery, providing an effective regenerative therapy. In this work, biotinylated poly(acrylic acid) is used to develop LBL assemblies based upon biotin-streptavidin affinity interactions. To explore the ability of developed LBL assemblies to resist the harsh intraoral environment, in vitro chemical and ex vivo mechanical tests are performed. The stability results demonstrate significant LBL barrier stability with wear resistance. From principal component regression analysis, factors such as polymer MW and number of layers in assemblies contributed significantly to chemical barrier stability. Also it is observed that the extent of biotin conjugation plays a significant role in LBL development and in mechanical stability. Thus, the proposed affinity based multilayered assemblies with their excellent barrier properties offer a modular treatment approach in oral mucosal injuries.

Agarose gel was used as a template to prepare zirconium titanium mixed oxide pellets with bimodal porosity. The materials were fully characterized to assess the effect ofZr:Ti ratio on the physical properties. It was found that the metal oxide ratio had an impact on surface acidity, the number of surface hydroxyl groups, the surface area the crystallinity and the mesopore diameter. The oxides were tested for the adsorption of vanadium ions to determine which Zr mole fraction exhibited the highest loading capacity and the fastest kinetics. A comparative study demonstrated that a hierarchical pore structure had enhanced mass transport properties over a monomodal pore structure of similar Zr:Ti composition. / Three porous zirconium titanium oxides (25 mol% Zr) were synthesized using sol-gel chemistry. One of the materials was templated from agarose gel, the second was produced without the use of a template and the third was templated from stearic acid. All three materials varied in pore architecture. Surface modification was performed post-synthetically using propionic acid (a monomer), glutaric acid (a dimer) and three molecular weights of poly(acrylic acid). Higher loading within the inorganic support was obtained for the polymers than for the smaller molecules. It was found that the pore architecture had a strong bearing on the quantity of polymer incorporated into the metal oxide framework and some effect on the rate of polymer adsorption. Thus there is great value in using templates to control pore structure. The materials were subjected to irradiation with 60Co γ-rays to determine the stability of the inorganic support and the organic functionality. / Hybrid materials were prepared by coating five distinct macroporous commercial membranes with zirconium titanium oxide using sol-gel chemistry. Calcination of these templated materials produced oxide membranes which had a suite of macropore and mesopore architectures, pore volumes and surface areas. These differences in physical properties were used to conduct a fundamental study on the relationship between the mesopore size and volume and the capacity for polymer incorporation. It was found that the polymer loading capacity was highly dependent on the pore size and pore volume. As surface area increased, loading capacity decreased, indicating that much of the increased internal surface was inaccessible to the macromolecules. Thus, mesopore diameter and pore volume must be considered when designing a mesoporous solid support. / Hierarchically porous zirconium titanium oxide and carbon zirconium titanium oxide beads with adjustable meso- and macroporosity were prepared in a one-pot, engineering-friendly process. Poly(acrylonitrile) and block copolymer Pluronic F127 were used as structure directing agents. These millimeter sized spheres were fabricated through drop-wise addition of the template-metal alkoxide solution into either water or liquid nitrogen. Carbon zirconium titanium oxide beads were produced by carbonizing the beads at 550 °C in an inert atmosphere. The (carbon) zirconium titanium oxide beads were assessed for surface accessibility and adsorption rate by monitoring the adsorption of uranyl from solution. / Porous metal oxide monoliths, specifically silica, titania, zirconia and mixed oxides containing aluminum and yttrium, were prepared in a one-pot synthesis. Macroporosity was induced using the phase separation of furfuryl alcohol. These materials have a suite of mesopore and macropore structures, the domains of which can be controlled by adjusting the synthesis conditions. These conditions were studied in detail to optimize the pore interconnectivity, the monolith stability, the pore volume and the surface area.

Submitted by Letícia Fernanda Rasteiro null (leticiarasteiro@gmail.com) on 2017-08-14T18:29:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Letícia (repositório).pdf: 7126379 bytes, checksum: fb6b61701c972d4a6fedad35c81492ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-08-18T20:29:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rasteiro_lf_me_araiq.pdf: 7126379 bytes, checksum: fb6b61701c972d4a6fedad35c81492ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T20:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rasteiro_lf_me_araiq.pdf: 7126379 bytes, checksum: fb6b61701c972d4a6fedad35c81492ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho descreve a avaliação de óxidos mistos porosos de vanádio e molibdênio na reação de desidratação oxidativa do glicerol a ácido acrílico em uma única etapa. O trabalho divide-se em duas partes, em que na primeira tem-se a síntese, caracterização e avaliação catalítica dos materiais inicialmente sem tensoativos para posterior aplicação das condições ideias encontradas nesta etapa na segunda etapa, sendo ela a síntese, caracterização e avaliação catalítica dos materiais porosos. Na preparação dos materiais sem tensoativos variou-se a atmosfera de síntese e de tratamento térmico, mostrando que diferentes fases cristalinas eram formadas para cada condição distinta e por meio do método de Rietveld fez-se a quantificação dessas fases cristalinas formadas para cada amostra. Ao correlacionar as fases cristalinas presentes em cada amostra com os resultados catalíticos, observou-se que o melhor resultado se deu para aquela sintetizada e tratada termicamente em atmosfera de O2, no qual a fase Mo4,65V0,35O14 era predominante. Avaliou-se também a acidez dos materiais, porém os mesmos apresentaram poucas quantidades de sítios ácidos totais. Analisou-se também as condições para a reação catalítica, variando-se a temperatura e a atmosfera de reação. Por meio de todo o estudo das melhores condições concluiu-se que sintetizar e tratar termicamente em atmosfera de O2 leva aos melhores resultados catalíticos e que realizar a reação catalítica em atmosfera de O2 a 320°C melhora ainda mais a atividade catalítica do material. Através de uma análise após a reação notou-se que não houve formação de compostos carbonáceos e que o equilíbrio na quantidade das fases contendo o vanádio nas formas reduzida e oxidado é o responsável pela melhor atividade catalítica encontrada e que a presença de V+4 é imprescindível para a etapa de oxidação de acroleína a ácido acrílico. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, avaliou-se a influência da inserção dos poros no material pela adição de tensoativos à síntese em que se obteve os melhores resultados catalíticos na reação da desidratação oxidativa do glicerol. Sintetizou-se os catalisadores com 3 diferentes tensoativos em 3 razões tensoativo/(Mo+V) distintas, nas condições encontradas na parte 1 do trabalho. Caracterizou-se os materiais por difração de raios-X, dessorção de amônia a temperatura programada, porosimetria de mercúrio, picnometria de hélio, termogravimetria e fisissorção de nitrogênio. Observou-se a formação das fases cristalinas iguais ao do material de referência (MoV-O2(O2)), como já esperado e o aumento da porosidade para todos os catalisadores. Os materiais apresentaram acidez total menor do que a da referência porém com aumento na quantidade de sítios mais fortes. Não se observou a formação de coque nas amostras analisadas após a reação. Observou-se uma melhora significativa nos resultados catalíticos comparados aos catalisadores sem poros, principalmente para o catalisador SDS-0,10, alcançando uma seletividade para ácido acrílico de 56% e 100% de conversão, mostrando que os objetivos iniciais do trabalho foram alcançados. / This work describes the evaluation of porous vanadium and molybdenum mixed oxides in the one-step glycerol oxydehydration to acrylic acid. The work was separated in two parts, where the first one is the synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation of the materials initially without the pores for later application of the ideal conditions found in this stage in the second stage, being it the synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation of porous materials. In the materials preparation without pores, the synthesis and heat treatment atmosphere was varied, showing that different crystalline phases were formed for each distinct condition and by means of the Rietveld refinement method the crystalline phases formed for each sample were quantified. By correlating the crystalline phases present in each sample with the catalytic results, it was observed that the best result was obtained for the one synthesized and thermally treated in O2 atmosphere, in which the Mo4.65V0.35O14 crystalline phase was predominant. The acidity of the materials was also evaluated, but they presented few amounts of total acid sites. The conditions for the catalytic reaction were also analyzed by varying the reaction temperature and the reaction atmosphere. Throughout the study of the best conditions it was concluded that synthesizing and thermally treating in O2 atmosphere leads to the best catalytic results and that performing the catalytic reaction in an O2 atmosphere at 320°C further improves the catalytic activity of the material. It was observed that there was no formation of carbonaceous compounds and that the equilibrium in the amount of the phases containing the vanadium in the reduced and oxidized forms is responsible for the best catalytic activity found and that the presence of V+4 is essential for the oxidation step of acrolein to acrylic acid. In the second stage of the work, was evaluated the material porosity influence in the glycerol oxydehydration to acrylic acid. The catalysts were synthesized with 3 different surfactants in 3 different surfactant/(Mo + V) ratios, under the ideal conditions found in part 1 of the work. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, mercury porosimetry, helium pycnometry, thermogravimetry and nitrogen physisorption. The formation of the same crystalline phases as that of the reference (MoV-O2(O2)) was observed for the porous catalysts, as already expected and was observed an increase in the porosity to all the catalysts prepared with surfactants. The materials presented lower total acidity than the reference, but with an increase in the number of strongest sites. No coke formation was observed in the analyzed samples after the reaction. The catalytic tests performed in the best conditions seen in part 1 of this work showed a significant improvement in the catalytic results compared to the non-porous catalysts, especially for the SDS-0.10 catalyst, achieving 56% of selectivity for acrylic acid and 100% of conversion, showing that the initial objectives of the work were achieved. / CNPq: 152447/2015-6

Orientadores: Telma Teixeira Franco, Gustavo Paim Valença / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T16:00:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ayres_BiancaMairaTeixeira_M.pdf: 702836 bytes, checksum: 9d7d2a539cf470dfe7892bf64c17518d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O presente trabalho estudou as melhores condições para a produção de monoacrilato de frutose a partir da esterificação de ácido acrílico com D-frutose catalisada pela lípase comercial de Cândida antárctica (Novozyme 435). O interesse na produção deste éster se dá devido à promissora propriedade absorvente de água do polímero a ser produzido, com diferentes aplicações possíveis. Esterificações enzimáticas são reações de equilíbrio cujo subproduto é a água. A presença desta tem de ser controlada para possibilitar atividade enzimática e evitar a hidrólise dos ésteres. A adição de peneira molecular 3 Á ao sistema foi investigada para remoção da água produzida e favorecimento do deslocamento do equilíbrio para síntese dos ésteres. A produção exclusiva de monoéster foi observada quando a razão molar frutose:ácido acrílico de 1:3, 55 °C, agitação de 200 rpm e 20 mg mL-1 de lípase foram empregadas. Quando a razão molar foi aumentada para 1:5 a conversão de frutose aumentou, mas o equilíbrio foi deslocado para a produção de di- e triéster de frutose. A adição de 3 g de peneira molecular em 25 mL de sistema reacional resultou na produção de 49.5 mM de monoacrilato de frutose com 84 % de conversão da frutose inicial e 41 % da conversão de ácido acrílico após 24 h de reação. Devido à inexistência de padrões de acrilatos de frutose no mercado, um método para quantificação destes por fatores de resposta de CLAE foi desenvolvido baseado nos dados cinéticos da reação / Abstract: The optimal conditions for the enzymatic production of fructose acrylates were studied. Fructose to acrylic acid molar ratio, the amount of immobilized lipase Candida antarctica and the influence of molecular sieve in the reaction media were studied. The results of these variables in converting sugar were monitored. Enzymatic esterifications are equilibrium reactions whose subproduct is water. The presence of this must be controlled to allow enzymatic activity of the lipase and to avoid hydrolysis of esters. The addition of molecular sieve 3 A to the system was investigated to remove of produced water and to shift the equilibrium to the synthesis of ester. The exclusive production of monoester was observed when the molar ratio of fructose: acrylic acid of 1:3, 55 °C, 200 rpm and 20 mg ml-1 of immobilized lipase was employed. When the molar ratio is increased the conversion of fructose increases, but the equilibrium was shifted to the production of di- and triester. The addition of 3 g of molecular sieve resulted in the production of 49.5 mM of fructose monoacrylates, 84 % conversion of the initial fructose and 41 % conversion of acrylic acid after 24 hours of reaction. Since sugar acrylates are not available, it were obtained the concentrations of esters from the determination of response factors of each ester by HPLC-RI based on linear regression / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientador: Rubens Maciel Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T04:05:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lunelli_BetaniaHoss_D.pdf: 3246538 bytes, checksum: 66490737479c3e4a908963c18fd48b3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A síntese de ácido acrílico via processo fermentativo é um assunto recente, com poucas informações disponíveis na literatura e, tem despertado cada vez mais interesse de pesquisadores. Através da modelagem matemática, é possível obter uma melhor compreensão de um processo em sua totalidade, através de analogias abstratas que possibilitam a predição de um fenômeno. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de modelos determinísticos para representar o processo biotecnológico de síntese de ácido acrílico a partir de uma rota metabólica alternativa, visando estudos do comportamento estacionário/dinâmico do processo, aplicação de técnicas de planejamento experimental para identificação dos parâmetros mais relevantes e otimização dos parâmetros operacionais, com a finalidade de compreender o processo e apresentar uma metodologia alternativa para a sua produção. A partir dos modelos desenvolvidos foi possível obter perfis de concentração dos principais componentes do processo. Depois de identificadas as influências dos parâmetros operacionais, cinéticos e de projeto sobre o processo, os parâmetros operacionais de cada modelo foram otimizados através da aplicação da metodologia de superfície de resposta e do método de otimização por programação quadrática sucessiva. Com a otimização dos parâmetros foi possível encontrar condições de operação que aumentaram a concentração e o rendimento final de ácido acrílico, como também, perceber as limitações dos métodos de otimização usados. Nos modelos com cinética estruturada foram aplicadas estratégias de controle, através das quais foi possível encontrar condições ótimas, podendo com isso operar o biorreator de forma eficiente e segura, além de aumentar o rendimento final de ácido acrílico. Através da realização deste trabalho, pode-se concluir que os modelos desenvolvidos constituem um conjunto de ferramentas interessantes para predizer e investigar o comportamento do processo de síntese de ácido acrílico via processo fermentativo, uma vez que, a literatura ainda não dispõe de trabalhos de modelagem para a síntese de ácido acrílico via rotas fermentativas. Também, servir de apoio para estudos de manipulação genética visando obter microrganismos com capacidade de produzir ácido acrílico em condições economicamente competitivas / Abstract: The acrylic acid synthesis by fermentative process is a recent subject, with few available information in literature and it has demonstrated each time more interest of researchers. Through the mathematical modeling, it is possible to obtain a better understanding of the process behavior if mechanistic models are developed. The purpose of this work is the deterministic model development for the biotechnological process of acrylic acid synthesis through an alternative metabolic route, aiming the studies of both the steady state and dynamic behavior of the process. To investigate the parameters interactions as well as to identify the parameters with the most significant impact on the model experimental design was used and operational parameters were optimized. The purpose is to understand the process and to present an alternative methodology for its production. From of the developed models was possible to obtain the concentration profiles of the process components main. After identified the influence of the operational, kinetic and design parameters about the process, the operational parameters were optimized through the application of the response surface methodology and the successive quadratic programming optimization method. With the optimization of parameters was possible to find out the optimal operational conditions and thus to increase the yield and acrylic acid concentration as well as to perceive the limitation of optimization methods used. In the models with structured kinetic were applied control strategies, where was possible to operate the bioreactor safe and efficiently as well as to increase the acrylic acid final yield. With the realization of this work, it follows that the models developed consist of a set of interesting tools to predict and investigate the behavior of the acrylic acid synthesis by fermentative process, whereas in the literature are not yet available works about modeling of the acrylic acid synthesis from fermentative routes, as well as can to serve as support for studies of genetic manipulation aiming at to obtain microorganisms with capacity to produce acrylic acid in competitive economically conditions / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Orientadores: Maria Regina Wolf Maciel, Martin Aznar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_AlexBarreto_M.pdf: 1251594 bytes, checksum: 12614335c44f56e98288ed9de32033db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Observa-se que, nos últimos anos, a procura por novos processos de separação para a recuperação de ácidos orgânicos, dentre eles o ácido acrílico, a partir de seu caldo de fermentação, tem sido intensa. O processo de extração líquido-líquido apresenta-se como uma alternativa das mais viáveis para sistemas diluídos, quando se utiliza solventes apropriados e de baixa toxicidade. Na parte computacional do trabalho em questão, inicialmente, realizou-se um estudo do software Aspen Plus no que se refere à obtenção de dados termodinâmicos (parâmetros binários) e curvas binodais. Realizou-se, também, a validação do software obtendo regressões de dados experimentais envolvendo fenol e alguns solventes retirados da literatura. Algumas curvas de extração (curvas binodais), testando diferentes solventes para extração do ácido acrílico, foram construídas. As curvas binodais simuladas no Aspen também auxiliaram na escolha dos pontos experimentais, uma vez que, desta maneira, já se conhecia a região de formação de duas fases dos sistemas em estudo e pôde-se orientar a coleta destes dados laboratoriais sem o consumo excessivo de reagentes e de tempo. A parte experimental deste projeto envolve a obtenção de dados de ELL dos sistemas ternários ácido acrílico - água e os seguintes solventes: diisopropil éter, isopropil acetato, 2-etil 1-hexanol, 4- metil 2-pentanona; além do levantamento dos dados de ELL dos sistemas quaternários: ácido acrílico+água+diisopropil éter+sal, usando como sais MgCl2 e CaCl2 de concentrações de 5 e 10%, respectivamente, e ácido acrílico+água+isopropil acetato+sal, usando como sais MgCl2 e CaCl2 de concentrações de 5 e 10% respectivamente. Os resultados encontrados foram muito satisfatórios, permitindo-se construir curvas de solubilidades e realizar as regressões utilizando os modelos de coeficiente de atividade UNIQUAC e NRTL, determinando-se os parâmetros binários. Foram realizadas comparações entre os 4 solventes de extração e entre os sistemas quaternários envolvendo sais. / Abstract: It is observed that, in the last years, the search for new separation processes for recovering organic acids, such as acrylic acid produced from renewable sugar, has been intense. The liquid-liquid extraction process appears as the most viable alternative for diluted systems, since suitable solvents are used. Related to the computational part of this work, initially, a study using the software Aspen Plus for obtaining thermodynamic data (binary parameters) and binodal curves were carried out. Some extraction curves (binodal curves), testing different solvents for acrylic acid extraction, were obtained. Binodal curves simulated with Aspen Plus were very important in choosing experimental points, since, in this way, it was possible to know the region where there are immiscible two phases and, so, to facilitate the obtention of experimental data without excessive consumption of reagents and time. In the experimental section of this work, experimental data of liquid liquid equilibria (LLE) were obtained for the ternary systems acrylic acid + water + solvents (diisopropyl ether, isopropyl acetate, 2-ethyll 1-hexanol, 4 - methyl 2-pentanona), beyond obtain LLE data for the quaternary systems acrylic acid + water + diisopropyl ether + salt (using MgCl2 or CaCl2, with concentrations of 5 and 10%, respectively) and system acrylic acid + water + isopropyl acetate + salt (using MgCl2 and CaCl2 with concentrations of 5 and 10%, respectively). The results obtained were very satisfactory. Experimental solubility curves and regressed curves, using UNIQUAC and NRTL models for the activity coefficient calculations, through the binary parameters, were carried out. The results obtained with four solvents were compared and the ternary and quaternary systems (involving salts) also were compared among themselves. / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

During paper manufacturing, coating and adhesives are added to paper and cardboard to improve quality and durability. When the paper is later recycled or becoming new paper, the coatings may pollute the water used in the recycling process. Thus, it is important to know in which fraction these coatings finish during the process. In this study, laboratory made samples that mimic the repulping and paper making process is used. The different fractions of the processes were analyzed for a clay as well as a polymer coating. Metal content from clay coating is analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. For analyzing polymer coating, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. From the result of the analysis the Reject sample, which was collected with a bigger mesh sieve in a repulping system, contained the highest amount of both clay and polymer coating. The other sample fractions from the repulping process and paper making process, did not contain as high mass content of either clay nor polymer coating.

Diploma thesis is focused on modification and characterization of polypropylene (PP) products surfaces by the chemical way. In theoretical part of thesis are summarized the current knowledge of this topic including characterization methods. Polypropylene surfaces were modified by acrylic monomers (acrylic acid, acrylic acid with 20 mol% content of sodium acrylate and acryl amide). Modified surfaces were characterized by infrared spectroscopy with ATR technique. The comparative parameter was carbonyl index determined from absorption peaks of functional methyl groups (2950 cm-1 ) and functional carbonyl groups (1700-1750 cm-1) of FTIR-ATR spectra. Determination of effect of initiator concentration on the modification process was done for acetophenone and benzophenone. There were determined the time dependence of carbonyl index for time from 0 to 600 s of mentioned monomers. In the same condition were modified test specimens designed for preparation of adhesive joints. Joints were bonded by cyanoacrylate adhesive that provide reaction with surface of polyacrylic acid. There were founded conditions of modification that provided strength of adhesive joints higher than strength of original PP. There were identified changes of surface roughness by using of confocal microscopy.

Despite numerous advantages of using particles in a wide range of applications, they have one drawback that is their tendency to agglomerate. One way to overcome this problem is to sterically  stabilize the particles by introducing polymeric  chains covalently attached to the surface. Surface modification by covalently attaching polymer chains to the particle surface can be achieved by e.g. a ‘grafting-from’ technique under UV irradiation. In this thesis, polylactide (PLA) particles were surface modified, under UV irradiation, with the hydrophilic monomers: acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AA), and maleic anhydride (MAH). The developed ‘grafting-from’ technique was shown to be nondestructive method for surface modification of PLA particles of two different geometries. The change in surface chemistry of the PLA particles was confirmed by FTIR and XPS, indicating the success of the surface grafting technique. Force interaction between two surface grafted PLA substrates was measured by colloidal probe AFM in different salt concentrations. In order to understand the repulsive force, the AFM force profiles were compared to the DLVO theory and AdG model. Long range repulsive interactions were mainly observed when hydrophilic polymers were covalently attached to the surface of PLA particles, leading to steric interaction. Attractive force dominated the interaction when neat PLA particle was approaching each other, resulting in particle aggregation, even though short range repulsion was observed at small separation distance, i.e. approximately 10 nm. Attractive interaction was also observed when neat PLA was approaching to PAA-grafted PLA substrate. This attractive interaction was much greater than force interaction between two neat PLA substrates.  The surface grafted particles can be used in biomedical application where secondary interactions are important to overcome particle agglomeration such as particle-based drug delivery. / <p>QC 20130529</p>

Livscykelanalys är en metod som utformades och utvecklades för att kvantifiera miljöpåverkan från produkter och tjänster för mer än trettio år sedan. Sedan dess har den kontinuerligt förbättrats och blivit mer och mer robust. Som tillverkare av kemiska produkter och monomerer använder Arkema livscykelanalys för att mäta sina produkters miljöpåverkan. Detta görs för att förstå enskilda produkters fotavtryck samt företagets övergripande miljöpåverkan. För att göra detta används ISO-normerna 14040 och 14044. Dessa normer anger generiska ramar för LCA-beräkningar men är inte specifika för den kemiska industrin. Med tanke på att metodologiska svårigheter kan uppstå inom den kemiska sektorn har många riktlinjer och rekommendationer publicerats på senare tid. I denna uppsats studeras och jämförs några av dessa riktlinjer. Tillämpningen av dessa metoder utförs på två produkter inom Arkemas portfölj: akrylsyra och etylakrylat, som är byggstenar för många polymerer. Resultaten av utvärderingen visar på områden där förbättringar kan göras. För de studerade produkterna är råvarorna de största bidragande orsakerna. Därför kan det vara fördelaktigt att övergå från petroleumbaserade material till biobaserade. Att välja den minst miljöpåverkande produktionsvägen är också ett sätt att aktivt minska produkternas koldioxidavtryck. / Life Cycle Assessment is a methodology that has been designed and developed to quantify the environmental impacts of products and services more than thirty years ago. Since then, it has been in continuous improvement and becomes more and more robust. As a producer of chemical products and monomers, Arkema uses Life Cycle Assessment to measure the environmental impact of its products. This is done to understand the footprints of individual products as well as the company's overall environmental impact. To do so, the ISO norms 14040 and 14044 are used. These norms set generic frames for LCA calculation but are not specific to the chemical industry. Considering that methodological difficulties can arise in the chemical sector, many guidelines and recommendations are being published recently. In this thesis, some of those guidelines are studied and compared. The application of these methodologies is performed on two products within Arkema’s portfolio: acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate, which are building blocks for many polymers. The results of the assessment reveal areas where improvements can be made. For the products studied, the main contributors are the raw materials. Therefore, transitioning from petroleum-based materials to biobased ones could be beneficial. Additionally, selecting the least impactful production route is also a way to actively reduce the carbon footprint of the products.