“You only try to stay in the real world”, “you get strange, cold and off”. These are citations from childrens own stories about being in detention and isolated. Approximately 10 000 people are detained annually in Sweden with and without restrictions and several of these are children, persons between 15 - 17 years old. Sweden has ratified the ’Convention on the Rights of the Child’ up to a lot of criticism against the way Sweden detains children. The law that is applied to adults in the case of detention also applies to children. Although, there are some special laws that only apply to detention of children, 24 chapter 4 § RB and 23 § LUL. If due to the childs age it may be feared that the detention would bring serious harm to the child, detention may only occur if it is clear that adequate supervision cannot be arranged. It is also required that there are extraordinary reasons for detention. There is a special group of children who have certain disabilities, children with neuropsychiatric disorders. Problems can occur when these children are detained and isolated. According to Swedish national law, detention of children can take place when the basic conditions in the 24 chapter 1 § RB are fulfilled, when it is clear that adequate supervision cannot be arranged in accordance with 24 chapter 4 § RB. Detention of children may only occur under extraordinary reasons, 23 § LUL. However extraordinary reasons are interpreted in different ways, this leads to children being arrested more often than in exceptional cases. In case of detention of children with neuropsychiatric disorders the disorder may be taken into consideration in the proportionality assessment by some judges and some judges will not. The stay in detention can affect children with neuropsychiatric disorders in different ways. They can develop phobias, self-harm, more anxiety, nervousness and depression. As there are several children with neuropsychiatric disorders who also have an increased risk of developing other psychological problems, this group of children is more likely to be affected by detention. In conclusion, these Swedish laws do not meet the requirements set by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, neither practical nor theoretical.

Thesis themed is about Successful Integration of Pupils with Special Educational Needs. It is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the first chapter of theoretic part are mentioned and explained notions as integration, inclusion, handicap and special educational needs. The second chapter of theoretic parts is devoted to subsidiary cautions in education, possibility of schools and other educational establishments at work with pupils with special educational needs. Final two chapters are describing development of Czech education and school systems selective European countries. There is an effort embrace patterns, where inclusion is long term in action and conversely mention examples of countries, where the integration is only at the beginning. Practical section shows qualitative research that is divided into several parts. The questionnaire inquiry was conducted in two Elementary schools. The purpose is to find answers: Where pedagogical staff notices advantageousness of integration for pupils with special educational needs? What they see like the most important element for successful mastered integration? Teacher assistants responded on close-up questions regarding their work: Why is their work so important? How are they take in by parents or other pedagogical workers? How they can...

The purpose of this study was to conduct exploratory research regarding students' perceptions of blended learning environments at a state supported postsecondary institution. Specifically investigated were students' overall perceptions of blended learning environments, the reasons they chose to take a blended course, and whether generational differences existed in students' affected perceptions. An electronic survey was distributed to students enrolled in blended learning courses at the end of the spring 2009 term.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / An increasing number of measurements reveal the presence of a low-energy enhancement in the gamma-ray strength function (GSF). The GSF, which is the ability of nuclei to absorb or emit rays, provides insight into the statistical properties of atomic nuclei. For this project the GSF was studied for 74Ge which was populated in the reaction 74Ge(p,p')74Ge* at a beam energy of 18 MeV. The data were collected with the STARS-LIBERACE array at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Silicon detector telescopes were used for particle identi cation and rays in coincidence were detected with 5 clover-type high-purity germanium detectors. Through the analysis particle- - coincidence events were constructed. These events, together with well-known energy levels, were used to identify primary rays from the quasicontinuum. Primary rays from a broad excitation energy region, which decay to six 2+ states could be identi ed. These states and the associated primary rays are used to measure the GSF for 74Ge with the Ratio Method [1], which entails taking ratios of e ciency-corrected primary -ray intensities from the quasicontinuum. Results from the analysis of the data and focus on the existence of the low-energy enhancement in 74Ge will be discussed. The results are further discussed in the context of other work done on 74Ge using the ( , ') [2], (3He,3He') [3] and ( , ') [4] reactions.

Incorporating information from the short-time phase spectrum into a feature set for automatic speech recognition (ASR) may possibly serve to improve recognition accuracy. Currently, however, it is common practice to discard this information in favour of features that are derived purely from the short-time magnitude spectrum. There are two reasons for this: 1) the results of some well-known human listening experiments have indicated that the short-time phase spectrum conveys a negligible amount of intelligibility at the small window durations of 20-40 ms used for ASR spectral analysis, and 2) using the short-time phase spectrum directly for ASR has proven di?cult from a signal processing viewpoint, due to phase-wrapping and other problems. In this thesis, we explore the possibility of using short-time phase spectrum information for ASR by considering the two points mentioned above. To address the ?rst point, we conduct our own set of human listening experiments. Contrary to previous studies, our results indicate that the short-time phase spectrum can indeed contribute signi?cantly to speech intelligibility over small window durations of 20-40 ms. Also, the results of these listening experiments, in addition to some ASR experiments, indicate that at least part of this intelligibility may be supplementary to that provided by the short-time magnitude spectrum. To address the second point (i.e., the signal processing di?culties), it may be necessary to transform the short-time phase spectrum into a more physically meaningful representation from which useful features could possibly be extracted. Speci?cally, we investigate the frequency-derivative (or group delay function, GDF) and the time-derivative (or instantaneous frequency distribution, IFD) as potential candidates for this intermediate representation. We have performed various experiments which show that the GDF and IFD may be useful for ASR. We conduct several ASR experiments to test a feature set derived from the GDF. We ?nd that, in most cases, these features perform worse than the standard MFCC features. Therefore, we suggest that a short-time phase spectrum feature set may ultimately be derived from a concatenation of information from both the GDF and IFD representations. For best performance, the feature set may also need to be concatenated with short-time magnitude spectrum information. Further to addressing the two aforementioned points, we also discuss a number of other speech applications in which the short-time phase spectrum has proven to be very useful. We believe that an appreciation for how the short-time phase spectrum has been used for other tasks, in addition to the results of our research, will provoke fellow researchers to also investigate its potential for use in ASR.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Current theories of ADHD cite evidence from neuropsychological and brain imaging studies suggesting that abnormalities in the structure and function of the frontal lobes and connected brain regions are associated with impaired behavioural inhibition, constituting the primary deficit in ADHD. While most reviewers conclude that neuropsychological studies have failed to find specific deficits in various aspects of attention in ADHD, poor performance on attentional tasks, including the continuous performance task (CPT), is a common finding and previous electrophysiological studies suggest evidence of impaired attentional processing. This study aimed to investigate the cortical activity associated with attentional processes in children with and without ADHD, using steady-state probe topography (SSPT). Seventeen boys diagnosed with ADHD and seventeen age matched control boys participated. Changes in the amplitude and latency of the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) associated with correct responses to targets in the �X� and �AX� versions of the CPT were examined. At critical time points in both tasks, the control group demonstrated SSVEP changes suggesting increased activation and increased speed of neural processing. These effects occurred predominantly in medial frontal, right prefrontal, right parietal and occipital regions, suggesting enhanced activity in regions previously shown to be involved in attentional processes. The ADHD group demonstrated much smaller increases in activation and processing speed in frontal regions and predominantly reduced activation and slower processing in parieto-occipital regions. Group differences suggesting reduced activity in the ADHD group were observed in response to the presentation of both cues and targets, as well as in the intervals leading up to target presentation, especially in the cued CPT-AX. These results suggest that processing of task relevant stimuli as well as preparatory and motor processes may be associated with dysfunctional activation of brain networks of attention in ADHD, involving deficits in both frontal and parietal cortical regions. These regions may also be involved in the maintenance of information required for correct task performance and the results also suggest possible deficits in these processes in ADHD. The findings are consistent with others of reduced activation and cognitive deficits in ADHD involving these brain regions and networks, and with the idea that ADHD may be associated with a diminished ability to regulate levels of arousal and activation appropriate to task demands.

<p><strong><p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate how parents of children diagnosed with Autism, Aspergers Syndrome or ADHD/ADD describe their experience of the Swedish welfare support system in written biographies. To answer this question a study of five biographies written by parents with children diagnosed with ADHD, Autism and Asperger Syndrome where made. The conclusion was that the social network itself is of great importance to the parents. Families with single parents experienced a less positive experience of the Swedish welfare support system than parents with a spouse. The study also reveiled that families with a supporting social network and a solid financial ground in combination had the best experience of the Swedish social welfare support system. Furthermore the importance of being able to choose and in detail effect decisions made about the specific social welfare support received by the child or family proved to effect the experience.</p><p> </p></strong></p>

<p>This thesis discusses the design and implementation of a VHDL generator for Wallace tree with (3:2) counter modules and (2:2) counter modules to solve fast addition problem.</p><p>The basic research has been carried out by MATLAB programming environment and automatic generation of VHDL file based on the result obtained from MATLAB simulation. MODELSIM has been used for compilation and simulation of the VHDL file.</p>

Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

Abstract The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate how parents of children diagnosed with Autism, Aspergers Syndrome or ADHD/ADD describe their experience of the Swedish welfare support system in written biographies. To answer this question a study of five biographies written by parents with children diagnosed with ADHD, Autism and Asperger Syndrome where made. The conclusion was that the social network itself is of great importance to the parents. Families with single parents experienced a less positive experience of the Swedish welfare support system than parents with a spouse. The study also reveiled that families with a supporting social network and a solid financial ground in combination had the best experience of the Swedish social welfare support system. Furthermore the importance of being able to choose and in detail effect decisions made about the specific social welfare support received by the child or family proved to effect the experience.