Introdução: a temática de álcool e outras drogas ainda é pouco explorada entre as populações indígenas brasileiras; considerando-se a necessidade de explorar esse problema e a escassez de estudos sobre este fenômeno na região norte do País, realizou-se esta pesquisa. Objetivo: identificar os padrões do consumo de substâncias psicoativas na etnia Karipuna do município de Oiapoque, estado do Amapá, verificando a associação desses padrões com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais da amostra. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em 12 aldeias da etnia Karipuna, localizadas no município de Oiapoque. A amostra constitui-se de 230 indivíduos predominantemente do sexo masculino (51,3%), faixa etária de 16 a 30 anos (46,5%), católicos (71,1%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (28,3%). Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados o Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), a Questão chave (QC) e o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvment Screening Test (ASSIST). Para a análise dos dados realizou-se o teste de qui quadrado para verificar a associações entre as variáveis de interesse e o padrão de consumo das substâncias; posteriormente foram selecionadas as variáveis para compor o modelo de regressão logística com prefixação do p-valor de 0,20, obtendo-se daí os valores do Odds Ratio (OR), entre as variáveis selecionadas na regressão logística. Resultados: de acordo com o AUDIT 59,5% dos entrevistados faziam uso de baixo risco, 32,1% uso de risco, 6% uso nocivo e 2,4% apresentavam provável dependência. A prevalência de alteração de pressão arterial entre os entrevistados foi de (19%), diabetes (3,1%), presença de pensamento suicida (13,5%), tentativas de suicídio (9,5%), mais de um terço dos entrevistados (35,6%), referiu manter Relações Sexuais Após Consumo de Álcool (RSACA). Os maiores preditores do uso de risco e nocivo de acordo com o AUDIT foram ser do sexo masculino (OR=2,47), apresentar pensamento suicida (OR=3,02) e manter RSACA (2,21). Os resultados do ASSIST mostraram que 73,4% dos entrevistados faziam uso ocasional de álcool, 26% faziam uso abusivo e 0,6% apresentava possível dependência. Os preditores do uso problemático, segundo o ASSIST, foram: ser do sexo masculino (OR=2,33), apresentar alteração de pressão (OR=4,03) e manter RSACA (OR=2,34). Em relação à Questão-chave, 42,2% dos entrevistados faziam uso de risco mais de 4 vezes ao ano, como principais preditores desse uso: ser estudante (OR=2,99), ter migrado da aldeia de origem (OR=2,22), fazer uso de preservativo (OR=2,62); manter RSACA (OR=1,61). O uso problemático do tabaco foi observado em 16,6% da amostra; os principais preditores desta condição foram: pertencer ao sexo masculino (OR=4,24); ter migrado da aldeia de origem (OR=3,27). Conclusão: as drogas de maior prevalência entre os indígenas da etnia Karipuna são lícitas, e seu padrão de uso problemático é maior que o observado entre a população geral. A prática RSACA foi importante preditor do uso problemático e álcool, independentemente do instrumento de rastreio; medidas preventivas devem, pois, ser maximizadas entre esta população. Os dados deste estudo têm potencial para subsidiar a realização de pesquisas futuras nesta área, não só em relação aos povos de etnia Karipuna, mas a outras etnias indígenas da região norte brasileira e do Brasil. / Introduction: Alcohol and other drugs themes are still little explored in Brazilian indigenous population. Considering the need to explore this problem and the scarcity of studies investigating this phenomenon in the northern region of the country, this research was carried out. Objective: To identify patterns of psychoactive substance used in the Karipuna ethnic group of the city of Oiapoque in the state of Amapá, verifying the association of these patterns with socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral variables of the sample. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in twelve villages of ethnic Karipuna, located in the municipality of Oiapoque. The sample was 230 individuals predominantly male (51.3%), from 16 to 30 years old (46.5%), Catholic (71.1%), with incomplete elementary school (28.3%). For the data collection, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), the Key Question (KQ) and the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were used. The chi-square test was used to analyze the associations between the variables of interest and the pattern of consumption of the substances. Then, the variables were selected to compose the logistic regression model with pre-fixation of the p-value of 0.20, obtaining the Odds Ratio (OR) values from this model, among the variables selected in the logistic regression. Results: According to the AUDIT, there were 59.5% of the interviewees who used psychoactive substance at low risk, 32.1% at risk, 6% at a harmful use and 2.4% had a possible dependency. The prevalence of altered blood pressure in the interviewees was (19%), diabetes (3.1%), suicidal thoughts (13.5%), suicide attempts (9.5%), more than a third of respondents (35.6%), reported maintaining sexual relationships after alcohol consumption (SRAAC). The highest predictors of risk and harmful use of a psychoactive substance according to the AUDIT were male (OR=2.47), suicidal thoughts (OR=3.02) and SRAAC (2.21). The ASSIST results showed that 73.4% of the interviewees had occasional use of alcohol, 26% had an abusive use of alcohol and 0.6% had a possible dependency. The predictors of problematic use using ASSIST were: male (OR=2.33), having pressure changes (OR=4.03) and maintain SRAAC (OR=2.34). Regarding the Key Question, there were 42.2% of respondents having a risk of psychoactive substance use in more than 4 times a year, with students as the main predictors of this use (OR=2.99), having migrated from the village of origin (OR=2, 22), using a condom (OR=2.62) and maintaining SRAAC (OR=1.61). The problematic use of tobacco was observed in 16.6% of the sample. The main predictors of this condition were male (OR=4.24) and migrated from the village of origin (OR=3.27). Conclusion: The drugs with the highest prevalence in the Karipuna ethnic are legal and the pattern of their problematic use is greater than the general population. The SRAAC practice proved to be an important predictor of this problematic use and alcohol regardless of the screening instrument indicating that preventive measures should be maximized in this population. The data from this study has the potential to support future research in this area, involving not only ethnic Karipuna people but also other indigenous ethnic groups from the northern Brazilian region and the rest of Brazil.

Nous avons réalisé deux expériences afin d'évaluer l'efficacité de la désensibilisation systématique combinée à la musique et déterminer la contribution exacte de la musique. Dans la première expérience, nous avons comparé l'effet de la désensibilisation systématique combinée à la musique méditative in vivo et l’effet de la désensibilisation systématique combinée à une musique relaxante enregistrée. La comparaison porte sur les niveaux d’envie pendant l'exposition à des stimuli associées à la substance, sur la réactivité à l’envie dans la vie quotidienne, sur les pensées permissives et les croyances liées à l’envie ainsi que sur la dépression et l'anxiété. La deuxième expérience a consisté à identifier la contribution exacte de la musique au contre-conditionnement de stimuli associés à la substance ainsi qu’à l'amélioration des autres variables. Les résultats de la première expérience ont révélé que les deux formes de traitement provoquent une diminution de la réactivité aux stimuli associées à la substance et ont des influences positives importantes sur les autres variables. La deuxième expérience a démontré que l'écoute de la musique relaxante induit des réductions significatives de l’envie pendant l'exposition à des stimuli associées à la substance et qu’elle améliore les croyances liées au comportement compulsif. En conclusion, ces études ont démontré la contribution significative de la musique à la désensibilisation systématique pour le traitement de la dépendance aux substances. Elle ouvre ainsi de nouvelles voies pour l'utilisation de la musique comme un outil thérapeutique complémentaire pour la réhabilitation des personnes dépendantes aux substances. / Two experiments were conducted in order to examine the effectiveness of music-assisted systematic desensitization and determine the exact contribution of listening to music in the therapeutic process. The first experiment examined the effect of live-played meditation music and recorded relaxing music combined with systematic desensitization, on craving responses during exposure to substance-conditioned cues, craving reactivity in everyday life, permissive thoughts on substance use, craving beliefs, depression and anxiety. The second experiment investigated the exact therapeutic contribution of listening to recorded relaxing music in the counterconditioning of cues related to substance use and the extinction of the implicated craving responses, as well as in the amelioration of everyday life craving reactivity, craving beliefs, depression and anxiety. The results of the first trial revealed an emphatic amelioration of craving intensity in response to cues conditioned with substance use and significant or close to statistical significance positive influences on the other variables by both forms of treatment. The findings of the second experiment suggested that listening to recorded relaxing music accounts for significant reductions in craving intensity during exposure to substance-conditioned cues and in craving beliefs associated with compulsive behaviour. In conclusion, this study showed the significant therapeutic contribution of music to in vitro cue-exposure therapy for substance addiction treatment and opens new avenues for future exploration and use of music as a complementary therapeutic tool in the rehabilitation of substance addicted individuals.

En autorisant tout médecin à prescrire du Subutex, la législation française désigne les généralistes comme acteurs essentiels d’une politique publique liée aux drogues : la dispensation de traitements de substitution aux opiacés (TSO). Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment la médecine générale compose avec cette prérogative. L’appropriation des TSO par les généralistes se décline à un niveau collectif – à quelles conditions cette mission peut-elle être assumée par ce groupe professionnel ? –, et sur le plan interactionnel – comment une personne dépendante devient-elle le patient d’un généraliste ? La question de l’appropriation d’une politique publique rejoint donc celle de l’acquisition du statut de "patients" pour des individus socialement stigmatisés, relevant parallèlement d’une politique pénale. Ce travail, fondé sur des entretiens et observations de consultations, montre que les généralistes s’approprient les TSO au moyen d’un processus de tri des patients et des tâches accomplies. Loin de manifester un refus de mettre en œuvre la politique substitutive, le tri vise à la rendre compatible avec les valeurs et modes d’organisation propres à la médecine générale. Cependant, les critères de sélection produisent des inégalités d’accès aux traitements : tous les "toxicomanes" ne deviennent pas des patients dans les mêmes conditions. L’ethnographie des consultations suggère que le statut de patient s’acquiert au cours de la construction d'une relation où la prescription devient progressivement routinière. Cette thèse invite à confronter plusieurs échelles d’analyse, en envisageant la mise en œuvre d’une politique de santé au prisme des interactions médecin-patient. / French legislation allows any physician to prescribe Subutex. Consequently, general practitioners are key actors of a public policy related to drug use: providing opiate substitution treatments (OST). This thesis aims to understand how general practice copes with this prerogative. Appropriation of OST by general practitioners comes at a collective level – how can this mission be assumed by this professional group? –, and also at an interactional level – how does an opiate addicted person become the patient of a general practitioner? The issue of appropriating a public policy is related to that of acquisition of patient status for socially stigmatized persons, who are, at the same time, the subjects of a penal policy. Our qualitative study (interviews and observations) shows that general practitioners appropriate OST by a sorting process. Sorting is a heuristic notion to describe practitioners’ adaptations with extension of their prerogatives by public policies: they don’t refuse to implement the substitution policy. On the contrary, they try to make it compatible with their values and their professional daily organization. However, selection criteria produce inequalities in access to treatments: every addict doesn’t become a patient in the same conditions. Consultations ethnography suggests that the patient status can be acquired while building a relationship with the doctor, in which the prescription is gradually becoming routine. This thesis invites to confront multiple scales and levels of analysis, by studying the implementation of a health policy through the prism of doctor-patient relationship.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) continues to be the most accepted approach for the treatment of addictions in the United States. However, due to recent evidence questioning the effectiveness of AA, the need for alternative approaches to the treatment of addictions has become clear. The following research addresses the efficacy of one such alternative, Rational Recovery (RR). Node-Link Mapping (NLM), a graphic communication technique which uses links and nodes as building blocs to facilitate and enhance communication of information as well as awareness in a counseling environment, was implemented to enhance the recovery process. Three groups of ten (10), chemically dependent, adjudicated subjects were exposed to three different treatment approaches at an outpatient counseling center. The Experimental group received RR with NLM, the Comparison group was exposed only to RR, and the Control group continued in treatment according to the protocol of the counseling agency. All subjects were given the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-2 (SASSI-2) as a measurement of symptoms associated with chemical dependency. The subjects were also administered the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter I-E Scale) to determine locus of control prior to treatment and any change after treatment.

My diploma thesis is both theoretical and empirical. It deals with modern nondrug addictions which are not yet classified as addictions according to the International Classification of Diseases, but their symptoms and common characteristics with recognised addictions allow us to label them as such. The theoretical part of my thesis concerns mainly a definition of these addictions, their typical symptoms, prevention and therapy. The practical part contains tables derived from the results of research carried out in the form of questionnaire surveys. One questionnaire was designed for adults,another for children and youth adults. Both aim to monitor the occurrence of modern addictions in today's population. The practical part also contains a questionnaire which confirmed or disconfirmed a suspicion of workaholism in the case of two selected persons. The appendixes to my thesis contains all the mentioned questionnaires and a case study of a person cured from a gambling addiction. The appendixes also contain graphs supplementing the practical part of the thesis, a list of rehabilitation institutions where individual addictions can be treated as well as contact information of various workplaces which provide help and counselling.

Plusieurs études telles que le NESARC ont démontré la comorbidité chez les joueurs pathologiques dans la population générale et dans des échantillons cliniques. Le jeu pathologique se présente souvent avec des troubles comorbides tels que les toxicomanies, les troubles de l’humeur, les troubles anxieux et les troubles de la personnalité. Cette étude a été réalisée auprès de 40 joueurs pathologiques admis en traitement au Centre Dollard-Cormier, Institut universitaire sur les dépendances à Montréal. Les objectifs étaient d’évaluer : la consommation d’alcool et de drogues, la présence d’une détresse psychologique caractérisée par des symptômes et des syndromes cliniques ainsi que par des troubles de la personnalité et la prévalence du trouble de l’ÉSPT dans l’échantillon. L’ICJE a été utilisé pour évaluer la gravité du jeu. Les autres troubles ont été mesurés à travers l’IGT, l’AUDIT, le MCMI-III, le QÉT et l’ÉMST. Les résultats montrent que 65 % des participants présentent une consommation problématique d’alcool (25 % actuellement, 40 % dans le passé), 27,5 % une consommation problématique de drogues; 52,5 %, un diagnostic probable d’au moins un syndrome clinique (surtout anxiété et dépression), 55 %, un diagnostic probable d’au moins un trouble de la personnalité; 30 %, des symptômes du trouble d’ÉSPT et 17,5 %, un diagnostic probable du trouble. Alors, la comorbidité est présente chez les joueurs pathologiques de l’échantillon. Il est essentiel de l’identifier pour mieux répondre aux besoins particuliers de l’individu et l’aider avec les symptômes qui aggravent le problème de jeu et augmentent le risque de récidive. / Several studies such as the NESARC have demonstrated the comorbidity in pathological gamblers in the general population and in clinical samples. Pathological gambling often occurs with other comorbid disorders, such as addictions, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders. This study was conducted among 40 pathological gamblers admitted in treatment at Centre Dollard-Cormier, Institut universitaire sur les dépendances, in Montreal. The objectives were to assess the use of alcohol and drugs, the presence of psychological distress characterized by clinical symptoms and syndromes as well as by personality disorders, and the prevalence of PTSD in the gamblers of the sample. The CPGI was used to assess the severity of gambling. The other disorders were measured through the ASI, the AUDIT, the MCMI-III, the QÉT and the ÉMST. The results show that 65% of participants had a problem with alcohol (25% currently, 40% in the past), 27.5% presented a problematic drug use, 52.5% had a potential diagnosis of at least one clinical syndrome (mainly anxiety and depression), 55% had a potential diagnosis of at least one personality disorder, 30% presented symptoms of PTSD and 17.5% had a potential diagnosis of PTSD. In conclusion, comorbidity exists in the pathological gamblers of the sample. It is essential to identify it in order to better address the needs of the individual and to help him with the symptoms that worsen the gambling problem and increase the risk of recurrence.

Pour appréhender l'ensemble du problème addictif et proposer une prise en charge appropriée, une évaluation multifactorielle est nécessaire. Les données récentes soulignent que le champ des addictions aux substances doit être étendu au champ des addictions comportementales. Une des lacunes dans la compréhension des troubles addictifs et de leur prise en charge pourrait être due à un manque d'outils d'évaluation standardisés qui évaluent l'ensemble des composantes de l'addiction et leurs répercussions dans différents domaines de la vie du sujet. Dans le champ des addictions aux substances, l'Addiction Severity Index (ASI) est l'outil le plus utilisé mondialement. L'ASI est un instrument qui évaluent les sujets pour la clinique ou la recherche. En France, notre groupe de recherche utilise l'ASI depuis 1992 pour la clinique et la recherche. Nous avons décidé de modifier l'ASI en y ajoutant de nouvelles sections. Depuis 2006, la version française modifiée de l'ASI présente donc des items évaluant l'usage de tabac (Section Tabac) et également des items permettant l'évaluation des comportements addictifs sans substance comme le jeu, le jeu d'argent et de hasard et les troubles du comportement alimentaire. L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'étudier la validité de la version française modifiée de l'Addiction Severity Index (ASI) chez des sujets pris en charge pour au moins une addiction dans des centres de soins spécialisés en addictologie. Les résultats montraient une très bonne validité des données de consommations de substances rapportées par les sujets. Les sections Tabac et Jeu / Jeu d'argent et de hasard avaient été montrées comme valides. La version modifiée de l'ASI semble être un bon outil permettant l'évaluation de la sévérité de l'ensemble des comportements addictifs. Cette adaptation fait de l'ASI modifié le premier outil qui permet d'évaluer l'ensemble des troubles addictifs et qui ne mesure pas uniquement la quantité, la durée et l'intensité de ces troubles. Elle va permettre d'aider le clinicien à mettre en place une prise en charge la plus adaptée et aux chercheurs de caractériser et de comparer les différentes addictions afin de dégager des différences et des similitudes. / A multidimensional assessment is key to understand the addiction problem and to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Recent findings support the scope that addictive disorders should include non-substance use disorders. A significant problem in understanding and managing the addictive disorders may be related to the lack of standardized instruments for assessing problems or other aspects of life that are affected by these pathologies. For the assessment of substance users exists a widely used instrument, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The ASI is an instrument that assesses subjects for both clinical and research purposes. In France, our research group used the ASI since 1992 for both clinical and research purposes. We decided to modify the French translation of the ASI and added some new items. Since 2006, the French modified ASI includes items to assess tobacco use but also non-substance addictive behaviors including gaming, gambling and eating disorders. The overall objective of this dissertation was to assess the validity of the French modified ASI in several samples of clients who sought treatment in outpatient addiction clinics. The findings showed a good validity of the self-reported substance use. The validity of the Tobacco section as well as the Gaming/Gambling section have been shown. The French modified ASI is a suitable instrument for assessing any type of addiction-related disorders. This adaptation makes the modified ASI the first instrument that assesses all possible addictive behaviors regardless of the type of the addiction and that measures more than just the quantity, duration, and intensity of addictive behaviors. ASI may be helpful for clinicians in helping them to design the best treatment plans for a patient, for policy makers to objectively understand the need in treatment, care centers or other institutions but also for researchers to measure contemporary issues in addiction treatment and to find similarities and differences between type of addiction.

Addiction treatment includes lots of treatment interventions and kinesiotherapy treatment should undoubtedly belong to them as well. The thesis puts focus on the aftercare program of the Apolinář model in inpatient wards with recurrent stays of clients who have the same structure as basic institutional treatment. Despite the busy daily program there should always be room for physical activity. The aim of the work is to map and compare the concept of rehabilitation in the current setting of Apolinář model of addiction treatment with the concept of rehabilitation in the field of physiotherapy. Next main research topic will be the method of ensuring rehabilitation, whether it is appropriate to the health of the clients and possibly assessing the possibilities of the physiotherapist in the nursing team. The research tool for data collection was evaluation by formative approach. The evaluation was carried out in inpatient wards of the Clinic of Addictology. The research sample consisted of a treatment program and was selected by the method of deliberate selection. The unit of the research file is therefore not the patient. Data collection was executed in the form of observations from the perspective of a researcher who is also an expert in physiotherapy. In addition, further data will also be collected...

A incorporação de resíduos industriais ao concreto, tais como as pozolanas, é uma das soluções para o aproveitamento de subprodutos poluentes estando em acordo com os princípios da sustentabilidade. É objetivo do trabalho discutir e analisar a viabilidade da aplicação de um resíduo das termoelétricas da indústria de beneficiamento do arroz, a cinza da casca de arroz (CCA), como adição mineral em concretos duráveis. Com 88% de sílica em sua composição, a CCA tem grande potencial de utilização em concretos porque possibilita o aumento da resistência à compressão pelas suas características de alta pozolanicidade e grande finura. Misturas de argamassas padrão contendo 0, 5, 10 e 15% de CCA moídas apenas industrialmente e com moagem adicional de 1 hora, foram confeccionadas a fim de se avaliar o comportamento do aglomerante (CPV - ARI PLUS + CCA) em relação à resistência mecânica. Concretos com traços 1:3,5, 1:5 e 1:6,5, relação água-aglomerante igual a 0,45 e 15% de CCA foram ensaiados à compressão. Os ensaios mostraram que a CCA é predominantemente cristalina e tem alta pozolanicidade. Quanto às argamassas padrão e aos concretos, os resultados mostraram que a utilização da CCA em compósitos à base de cimento é viável, além de ser ecologicamente correta. / Industrial residues, such as pozzolan, can be incorporated in concretes as a solution for polluter refuses, according to sustainable principles. The objective of this work it is to discuss and analyze the use of rice thermoeletrical industry residue, the rice rusk ash (RHA), as mineral addition in durable concretes. The RHA can be used to increase the compression strength of concretes once it has high pozzolanicity and thinness, composed by 88% of silica. It was created mixtures of standard mortars containing 0, 5 10 and 15% of industrial grounded RHA and also with one hour of additional grind. The idea of those mixtures was to evaluate the mechanical strength of the agglomerate (pure Portland cement + RHA). Compression tests in poor, normal and rich concretes with water/agglomerate ratio of 0,45 and 15% of RHA were set too. The tests indicated that the RHA is predominant crystalline and it is a high pozzolanicity material. All the analyses showed that the material has suitable and competitive characteristics for application as agglomerate component.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cynara Teixeira Ribeiro.pdf: 506090 bytes, checksum: 6ff8a6ad1dc7e8fe80293fd77d650b3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Universal and millenary is the human practice of consuming drugs. To understand the reasons of the fascination effect incited for these drugs in the human beings, a lot of learnings go in for studying their utilization. Among them, the psychoanalysis differentiates from the others for accosting the use of drugs as a possible answer of the fellow to unwell-being extant in the civilization. According to this perspective, the highest visibility of this use in the contemporariness is related to the advent of science and the profusion of the liberal ideology, which inaugurate a new way of that Lacan named of address: the address of capitalist characterizes for representing the imperative of an enjoyment self-centered, in opposition the establishment of the social links. In a sense, taking this form of address as guidance for acting at the present time, aims at going into how this way associates to the alarming use of drugs at contemporariness. However, furthermore, we also ask: how this address occurs on each single fellow and that influence has on the form as each one is related with the drugs? In this sense, which delimitate the difference between the morbid condition that has amply been named of drug addictions and the practice of simple use of drugs? To think suchlike questions, they will be analyzed two interviews with fellows that used drugs, interrogating if such uses may to shape according to what assign of drug addicts . With the results of this research, it aim at offering improvement in the treatment both of drug addicts and other users of drugs, as well as, making breakthrough in the psychoanalysis while field of knowing / Universal e milenar é a prática humana de consumir drogas. Tentando desvendar as razões do efeito de fascinação provocado por essas substâncias nos seres humanos, muitos saberes se dedicam a estudar a sua utilização. Dentre esses, a psicanálise se diferencia por abordar o uso de drogas como uma resposta possível do sujeito ao mal-estar existente na civilização. De acordo com tal perspectiva, a maior visibilidade desse uso na contemporaneidade está relacionada ao advento da ciência e à profusão da ideologia liberal, as quais inauguraram uma nova modalidade daquilo que Lacan denominou de discurso: o discurso do capitalista, que se caracteriza por representar o imperativo de um gozo auto-centrado, em contraposição ao estabelecimento dos laços sociais. Nesse sentido, tomando essa modalidade de discurso como orientadora do agir na atualidade, se pretende investigar como esta se relaciona ao alarmante uso de drogas na contemporaneidade. Porém, para mais além disso, nos perguntamos também: como esse discurso incide sobre cada sujeito singular e que influência tem sobre a forma como cada um se relaciona com as drogas? E, nesse sentido, o quê delimita a diferença entre a condição mórbida que tem sido largamente denominada de toxicomanias e a prática que se configura como o simples uso de drogas? Para pensar tais questões, serão analisadas duas entrevistas com sujeitos que fizeram uso de drogas, questionando se tais usos podem chegar a configurá-los como o que se designa de toxicômanos . Pretende-se que os achados proporcionados por essa pesquisa venham a propiciar uma melhoria no tratamento tanto dos chamados toxicômanos quanto dos demais usuários de drogas, bem como possam fazer avançar a psicanálise enquanto campo de saber