Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Ron B. Tudor, James M. Barnard. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-49). Also available online.

Cooperation between authorities is of great importance for effective crisis management. A new crisis management system was introduced in Sweden in 2002 to enhance the ability of public authorities to manage accidents and extraordinary events. It expects authorities to cooperate with each other both before and while dealing with such situations. An important aspect of this cooperation is the exchange of information, which is hampered when authorities are obliged to observe secrecy rules even if this limits their ability to manage accidents and extraordinary events. It may be said, therefore, that the legislation governing the exchange of information by authorities, chiefly the Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (2009:400), is essentially at variance with the rules that require cooperation. The thesis analyses legal requirements on authorities to cooperate and exchange information when dealing with accidents and extraordinary events and how these requirements relate to secrecy rules. The study does not merely examine the legal requirements placed on authorities to cooperate and exchange information and to observe secrecy rules when dealing with accidents and extraordinary events; it also undertakes a critical analysis of the current legislation, with the aim of identifying deficiencies and ambiguities, taking as its criteria that good legislation should be clear, coherent and well-balanced. Since the thesis shows that there are deficiencies in the legislation, it also suggests improvements and alternative forms of regulation.

Šiandien Lietuva, kaip ir kitos posovietinės valstybės, vis dar išgyvena gana sudėtingą ir prieštaringą socialinį, ekonominį ir teisinį pokyčių laikotarpį, susidurdama su anksčiau nepatirtomis problemomis. Nauja teisinė bazė kuriama praktikoje nepasiteisinusių teisės normų pagrindu, be to, nuolat kintantys visuomeniniai santykiai reikalauja pastovaus darbo administracinės teisėkūros srityje. Socialinė–ekonominė šalies plėtra posovietiniu laikotarpiu reikalauja naujų valdymo formų, veiksmingų sprendimų, todėl pastaraisiais metais itin didelio dėmesio sulaukia vykdomosios valdžios institucijų sistema, jos tobulinimo gairės. Tačiau net teisinės doktrinos nuolatinis tobulinimas ir naujų idėjų kūrimas iki galo neišsprendė egzistuojančių problemų, kadangi buvo nuolat bandoma iškilusias problemas spręsti vien tik teisinėmis priemonėmis, taip užsidarant nuo galimai teigiamo kitų socialinių mokslų poveikio. Socialinių mokslų integracija parodė administracinei teisei neregėtą naują tyrinėjimų plotmę, kadangi jie padeda atskleisti naujų ir pakitusių visuomeninių santykių turinį, taip administracinei teisėkūrai nubrėžiant naujas gaires ir suteikiant galimybę savo normoms priartėti prie realiai susiklosčiusių visuomeninių santykių. Šiame darbe nagrinėjama administracinės teisės ir kitų socialinių mokslų sąveika, poreikis ir perspektyvos. / Today Lithuania is experiencing complicated and contradictory period of social, economical and legal changes as other post-soviet states. Lithuania deals with problems it has not experienced before. A new legal basis is created on legal norms which are not confirmed in practices. Also every moment changing public relations require constant work on legal norms in administrative law. Social-economical development of state in post-soviet period requires new governance forms, effective decisions. However, constant improvement of legal doctrines and creation of new ideas did not solve existing problems, because every arising problem was tried to be solved just in legal means, closing up from other social science’s impact. The integration of social science has shown administrative law as a new social research, which helps to improve a new process of public relations, legal administrative law and come up with legal norms by real public relations. Administrative law’s and other social science’s interaction, requirements and perspectives are analyzed in this work.

Tiriamojo darbo aktualumas ir problematiškumas Per daugiau kaip septyniolika nepriklausomybės metų Lietuva ekonominėje, teisinėje bei sociokultūrinėje srityse išgyveno daug plėtros ir novacijų procesų, kilo „pilietinis“ – „regioninis“ atgimimas, dažniausiai skatinamas ir vadovaujamas kultūros politikos. Įsivyraujanti globalizacija, naujų socialinių koncepcijų formavimosi etapas įnešė daug naujo į žmogaus, visuomenės, valstybės kaitos sampratą bei pateikė naują kultūros socialinį statusą, kuris atspindimas įvairiuose socialiniuose procesuose, taip pat ir teisėje. Taigi kultūra yra neatskiriama mūsų gyvenimo dalis, kurios sąsajos su teise ir jos teisinis reguliavimas grindžiamas ne tik atitinkamais bendriausiais dėsningumais, tačiau ir išskirtine specifika. Visuomeninių santykių turinio kaitos sąlygomis žmogus, visuomenė ir valstybė ima kelti probleminius klausimus tiek kultūrai, tiek ir teisei, dėl to kinta įpročiai, nyksta buvęs kultūrinis tapatumas, atsiranda naujos gyvenimo tendencijos. Vykstantys socialiniai pokyčiai susaistomi su kultūrine motyvacija, taigi kultūra tampa aktualiu visuomenės kaitos veiksniu bei esmine socialinių pokyčių priežastimi, kartu lemiančia ir teisės adaptacinę kaitą. Taigi, kultūra tapo veiksminga socialinio gyvenimo, tame tarpe ir teisės raidos, skatintoja. Kartu ji - labai svarbi žmogaus asmenybės socialinės bei teisinės brandos priemonė ir vienas iš esminių visuomenės ir valstybės demokratinės plėtros instrumentų. Tačiau tikslingą ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The problem and topicality of the research. During more than seventeen years of independence Lithuania has experienced a lot of processes of development and novelty in economical, legal and socio-cultural spheres, there has emerged “civil”-“regional” rebirth that has been most frequently encouraged and led by the cultural policy. The settled globalization levels cultural values, weakens or at least already controls national identity. Sparing development trends are getting more and more developed as well as economical growth effects the materialization in the society that causes plenty of social and cultural issues. The role of culture is very significant in this process not only due to such qualitative signs of life as the standard of living, human rights, equal possibilities and civil human values, but as well as an objective factor – qualitatively indicated contribution of mankind advance and its index. There are important three following issues: cultural contribution towards the treasury of mankind wisdom; economical and social issues related to culture; the function of an enabling and authorizing means as human’s property. The culture has turned into a complex political, social and economical part in the development of society that often stimulates novelties and urges social and economical development of national powers. Culture and art are inalterable tolls of state politics those join and develop the society as well as induce its creativity and openness, persuasively... [to full text]

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Magistro baigiamajame darbe siekiama atskleisti su viešojo intereso gynimu susijusias problemas Lietuvos administracinės teisės kontekste. Aptariami tokie probleminiai aspektai, kaip viešojo intereso sąvoka, viešojo intereso struktūriniai požymiai, administracinių teismų praktika teisės subjektams ginanant viešąjį interesą teisme. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje aptariama viešojo intereso samprata, viešojo intereso ir teisės santykis. Pristatomos įvairių teisės specialistų nuomonės dėl viešojo intereso sąvokos, privataus ir viešo intereso atskyrimo. Antrojoje, apžvelgiame viešojo intereso struktūrinius požymius (objektą, subjektą, bei agentus, galinčius ginti viešąjį interesą). Šioje darbo dalyje taip pat pristatoma Lietuvos Konstitucinio Teismo ir Lietuvos vyriausiojo administracinio teismo praktika, iš kurios galima matyti, kokie objektai pripažįstami, kaip gintini, saugotini remiantis viešojo intereso svarba. Išskiriami bei analizuojami viešojo intereso subjektai, aptariami viešojo intereso agentai. Trečioje magistro baigiamojo darbo dalyje pristatomi atlikto Lietuvos vyriausiojo administracinio teismo praktikos tyrimo rezultatai, kuriais remiantis analizuojama fizinių asmenų, nevyriausybinių organizacijų, taip pat prokuroro bei valstybinių institucijų veikla ginant viešąjį interesą Lietuvos vyriausiame administraciniame teisme. Atsižvelgiant į tai, pateikiamas teisinis šios veiklos vertinimas, remiantis mokslininkų įžvalgomis, Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktiką bei oficialių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY The factor of the public interest in administrative law The main concepts: interest, private interest, public interest, administrative law. The main purpose of this master degree thesis is to reveal the problems which are related with the defense of the public interest in the context of Lithuanian administrative law. In this work problematic aspects such as concept of the public interest, the structural signs of the public interest and jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are discussed. In the first part of this work the concept of public interest and relationship between interest and law are analyzed. Also variety of opinions of legal experts about the concept of public interest and the posibility of private and public interest separation are presented. In the second part of master degree thesis the structure of public interest (object, subject and agencies) is introduced. In this part of work jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are introduced, which aims to identify the object of the public interest. Also subject and the agents of the public interest are distinguished and analyzed. In the third part of master degree thesis the results of the case study of jurisprudence of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania are presented. Based on the results of the case study the activity of individuals, non-governmental organizations, prosecutors and public... [to full text]

The last decade has seen numerous proposals to reform existing tribunal systems in jurisdictions throughout the common law world. Across the board, there have been proposals to adopt generalist tribunal models in preference to smaller, specialist tribunal systems, and to achieve these changes through the process of amalgamation. The most significant recent developments to occur in Australia have taken place in Victoria and NSW during the past five years. Legislators in these States have chosen to amalgamate a number of smaller, specialist tribunals into larger, generalist bodies. In 1997 the NSW Parliament passed legislation amalgamating a number of specialist tribunals to create the Administrative Decisions Tribunal (ADT); comparable legislation was passed in Victoria in 1998 to create the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). There were concurrent attempts to implement similar reforms at federal level. In 1998 the Commonwealth government announced its intention to amalgamate four Commonwealth merits review tribunals to form one �super Tribunal� � the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). The Bills containing these proposals were ultimately defeated in the Senate, however the Australian Government remains convinced of the benefits of amalgamation at federal level. Similar reforms have been proposed in Western Australia, Tasmania and the United Kingdom. This thesis argues that these reforms are taking place in the absence of data about their likely implications, and without a thorough understanding of the objectives that generalist versus specialist tribunal systems can realistically achieve. This ill-considered or �over-hasty� trend towards amalgamation raises a number of questions which have not previously been addressed in academic or policy-making circles. An obvious question is whether or not an amalgamated tribunal model is more effective than a series of smaller, specialised tribunals in delivering administrative justice, in other words, whether there is any net gain to be had from a government�s decision to amalgamate. The less explored, but equally important, question addressed in this thesis is how the process of amalgamation should be approached in order to realise the maximum potential benefits that an amalgamated tribunal can bring. That is, to ask what are the ingredients of an optimal amalgamation. This is not a question about whether government decisions to pursue amalgamation are intrinsically worthwhile or beneficial for stakeholders. Rather, it is about how government decisions to amalgamate should best be implemented. This thesis proposes a way of differentiating between good and bad amalgamations, that is grounded in theory and informed by experience to date. The proposed approach is to assess the effectiveness of amalgamation processes using relevant measures drawn from an analysis of organisational theory literature: � Legislation � the legislation establishing an amalgamated tribunal needs to ensure the tribunal will have appropriate independence, powers, processes, membership and structure. � Political commitment � those responsible for proposing and planning an amalgamation need to provide appropriate funding and support for the process and for the establishment of an autonomous, self-directed tribunal. � Organisational structure � the structures put in place need to be appropriate, integrated and flexible, and should promote cohesion and interaction. � Process and procedure � the processes and procedures adopted in an amalgamated tribunal need to capitalise upon the opportunities provided by amalgamation, as well as being appropriate, efficient and able to balance the needs of a range of stakeholders. � Organisational culture � an organisational culture which counters natural tendencies towards disjunction will assist members and staff to identify with a newly amalgamated tribunal and to implement initiatives that will improve its performance. � Leadership � effective leadership plays an important role in ensuring a smooth transition from specialist to amalgamated tribunal, and engendering commitment from members and staff. Broadly speaking, these factors fall into the four categories of law, context, organisation and people. It is argued that attention must be paid to all four of these ingredients in order to achieve optimal tribunal reform. The thesis tests this proposition by examining the three most advanced tribunal amalgamations so far, namely, the Commonwealth ART, the NSW ADT and VCAT in Victoria. It is argued that the fate of the Commonwealth ART proposal proves the importance of a solid, generally endorsed legislative foundation in creating a viable amalgamated tribunal. The importance of context, organisation and people is borne out by qualitative research into the amalgamation experiences in NSW and Victoria. The fact that the NSW and Victorian governments decided to pursue policies of amalgamation at the same time provided a unique opportunity to compare the success or otherwise of two concurrent attempts at amalgamation in different jurisdictions. This thesis finds that the unfavourable political context in NSW prevented the ADT from realising its potential. In contrast, the VCAT experience highlights the benefits of paying careful attention to the wide range of factors that can contribute to a successful amalgamation. Of most relevance are the initial scale of an amalgamation, the political �will� behind its implementation, the appointment of a core of full-time members, and the creation of an open institutional culture which facilitates the sharing of information. In short, the thesis concludes that the successful construction and consolidation of a tribunal post-amalgamation requires that the necessary ingredients of optimal tribunal reform � legislation, context, organisation and people � are thoughtfully addressed.

Originally presented as Thesis (master's)--Université Paris II, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [549]-595) and indexes.

Thesis (D.Phil.)--University of Oxford, 2009. / Supervisor: Professor Alan Bowman. Bibliography: leaves 358-438.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 330-341).