Η εργασία αυτή παρουσιάζει πώς η Διοικητική Επιστήμη μπορεί να βοηθήσει τα στελέχη Μάρκετινγκ & Πωλήσεων. Παρουσιάζεται ένα μοντέλου γραμμικού προγραμματισμού σε ένα πρόβλημα πωλήσεων. / -

Les administrations publiques utilisent de plus en plus fréquemment le contrat dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de leurs politiques publiques, au détriment de l’acte unilatéral. La tendance qui se banalise est celle d’un usage de l’outil contractuel pour satisfaire à des besoins pourtant considérés comme traditionnels tels que le recrutement et la gestion des agents publics ; c’est le « phénomène de contractualisation ». Ce constat est plus flagrant en Espagne qu’en France où le contrat occupe une place prépondérante dans les relations professionnelles, car les administrations sont libres de choisir au cas par cas entre le recrutement par voie de concours ou par contrat. Pour en arriver au constat selon lequel ce phénomène se généralise au sein des fonctions publiques française et espagnole, il convient de revenir sur la double influence du droit de l’Union européenne et du droit du travail. En parallèle, les catégories d’agents non titulaires se sont multipliées ce qui conduit à s’interroger sur la nature juridique du contrat concerné, qu’il soit à durée déterminée ou indéterminée ; sur les droits et obligations des agents concernés ainsi que leur place vis-à-vis des fonctionnaires statutaires ; les incertitudes en cas de non renouvellement de contrat et la précarité engendrée par ces situations. Toutefois, normalement, c’est la réussite à un concours qui conditionne l’entrée dans la fonction publique, ce phénomène est donc dérogatoire au droit de la fonction publique. Il remet donc en question l’existence d’un « Statut » mais également, plus profondément, revient sur les fondements essentiels de la fonction publique. C’est ainsi que l’analyse comparée des systèmes des deux pays a pour objet de mettre en lumière les interrogations contemporaines qui bouleversent aujourd’hui la légitimité de l’institution de la fonction publique. / Public administrations use contracts more frequently as part of the implementation of public policies at the expense of unilateral acts. This trend is becoming commonplace, the usage of contracts are to satisfy needs, but are considered traditional, such as for recruitment and the management of public officials; this is the "contracting phenomenon". This finding is more evident in Spain than in France where contracts occupy a prominent place in professional relations, authorities are free to decide case by case between recruitment by competition or by contract. To arrive at this observation: this phenomenon is widespread within the French and Spanish public functions, we should return to the double influence of the European Union laws and the labor law. In parallel, the number of non-permanent staff have increased which raises questions about the legal nature of the contract concerned, whether for a fixed or indefinite period; on the rights and obligations of the agent involved and their place against the statutory civil servants; uncertainties in case of non renewal ofcontracts and insecurity caused by these situations. However, it is the success in a national entry examination that determines the entry into public service; this phenomenon is not with holding the right of the public service. There are questions about the existence of a "status" but also, more profoundly, discussions about the essential foundations of public service. Therefore the comparative analysis of the systems used by both countries is to bring out contemporary questioning that upturns the legitimacy of the institution of the public service today.

Dans l'engouement des mouvements de démocratisation politique que les Etats d'Afrique subsaharienne ont initié depuis les années 1990, l'amélioration des relations entre l'administration et les administrés a rapidement été affichée comme l'un des objectifs primordiaux des processus de réforme de l'Etat. Cependant, alors que sa réalisation suppose l'adoption d'un cadre juridique protecteur des administrés, l'exemple malien met à jour à la fois le paradoxe auquel se trouvent confrontées les autorités politiques et le défi qu'elles doivent relever dans cette visée réformatrice. En interrogeant le droit administratif dans ses fonctions organisatrice et légitimante sur le terrain africain, la réflexion juridique menée dans une approche interdisciplinaire sur les relations entre l'administration et les administrés au Mali invite alors à penser la « refondation » de son processus de production. Entre des logiques de globalisation juridique et de légitimation du pouvoir étatique, le droit administratif pourrait alors constituer un outil efficace de la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques de développement. / In the deep interest of the political democratization movements that the Sub-Saharan African States have established since the 1990's, the improvement of the relationships between the government and citizens has been quickly showed as one of the major targets of the procedures of reforming the State. However, as its achievement requires the adoption of a judicial framework for the welfare of citizens, the Malian example highlights, at the same time, the paradox which the political authorities are confronted to, and the challenge they have to take up on the reform aimed. By examining administrative law in the African territory, precisely its organizational and legitimizing functions, legal analysis performed using an interdisciplinary approach about relationships between government and citizens in Mali, suggests the "overhaul" of the production process. Between the principals of the judicial globalisation and legitimization of the state power; the administrative law would serve as an effective tool of the implementation of development public policies.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-11-03T17:11:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) José Alexandre DISSERTAÇAO-FINALCompleta.pdf: 1801725 bytes, checksum: f356567d3434891f3e257a99c23a95d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T17:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) José Alexandre DISSERTAÇAO-FINALCompleta.pdf: 1801725 bytes, checksum: f356567d3434891f3e257a99c23a95d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03 / Discussão teórica sobre o fenômeno informação, fundamentada nas articulações epistemológicas da Ciência da Informação e Ciência da Administração, notadamente em função dos novos papéis da informação nas organizações, a partir da Sociedade da Informação, da mudança dos “regimes de informação” e do uso e do processamento da informação nas organizações. A abordagem epistemológica foi o viés e fio condutor da pesquisa, a fim de proporcionar um alicerce seguro à articulação teórica. Foram discutidos os principais paradigmas das ciências sociais e proposta uma aproximação inicial entre a Ciência da Informação e a Ciência da Administração. As principais teorias e paradigmas epistemológicos das duas ciências conduziram a convergências epistemológicas interdisciplinares entre Ciência da Informação e Ciência da Administração, no que concerne ao fenômeno informação. / Theorical discussion about information phenomenon, based on Information Science and Administrative Science epistemological articulations, mainly according to the new holes of information in organizations, including approaches of the Information Society, the paradigm shifts of “ information regulation” and primarily issues concerning organizational information processing and use. Epistemological approach conducted the research in order to assure theorical articulation. The social sciences paradigms were discussed, in order to approximate Information Science and Administrative Science. The majors theories and epistemological paradigms about these sciences, conducted to an epistemological interdisciplinary discussion between Information Science and Administrative Science concerning the information phenomenon.