Os objetos de investigação desse estudo foram o bullying escolar e as interações familiares. O bullying é um tipo de violência considerado problema de saúde pública e as interações familiares são caracterizadas pelas práticas parentais, comportamentos e sentimentos. Objetivou-se analisar e compreender a relação entre a qualidade das interações familiares de adolescentes e o envolvimento em situações de bullying escolar, a partir da perspectiva dos estudantes. Participaram do estudo 2.354 (meninas = 50, 7%; idade média M = 14,5 anos, DP = 2,0 anos) estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio, de 11 escolas públicas de Uberaba/MG. A abordagem da triangulação metodológica foi adotada e se conjugou na coleta de dados o uso de duas escalas (bullying e interações familiares), além da técnica de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os procedimentos de análise dos dados incluíram: análise estatística descritiva; análise de variância e regressão logística para avaliar o poder preditivo ou protetivo de variáveis familiares em relação ao bullying escolar. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo, em sua modalidade temática, no software Atlas.TI. Desse processo emergiram três categorias temáticas: 1) Inter-relações e influências familiares no que ocorre na escola; 2) Família como espaço para o desenvolvimento ético e moral; 3) Sinergias e enfrentamento de base familiar e escolar. O referencial teórico-metodológico adotado foi a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento de Urie Bronfenbrenner. O estudo identificou uma prevalência de 10,3% de estudantes agressores, 10,1% de vítimas e 5,4% de vítimas-agressoras na amostra. Na análise combinada dos dados, verificou-se que os estudantes não-envolvidos em situações de bullying possuíam melhores interações familiares, sugerindo um padrão inverso de interações familiares para estudantes identificados como agressores, vítimas e vítimas-agressoras. A análise de variância revelou essa constatação ao identificar diferenças significativas entre os grupos de estudantes (não-envolvidos, agressores, vítimas e vítimas-agressoras) no que se refere à qualidade das interações familiares. Efeitos do monitoramento e o estabelecimento de regras no contexto familiar foi um aspecto protetivo identificado, e se observou que envolvimento, comunicação e clima conjugal positivos e apego às figuras parentais são dimensões a serem exploradas para definir estratégias de proteção e enfrentamento do bullying. Aspectos negativos das interações familiares foram associadas a maior possibilidade de bullying ou vitimização entre os estudantes. Confirmou-se que a qualidade das interações familiares exerce influência no envolvimento dos adolescentes em situações de bullying escolar enquanto agressores, vítimas ou vítimas-agressoras. Os dados encontrados foram congruentes com estudos que revelaram serem as famílias de agressores e vítimas menos funcionais do que as famílias de estudantes sem envolvimento com bullying. A triangulação metodológica foi relevante para captar os sentidos e os significados atribuídos pelos adolescentes às diferentes interações familiares na construção de práticas de bullying e vitimização. As influências temporais e potenciais das experiências familiares incluíram desde situações que protegem àquelas que são potencialmente perigosas para que os estudantes pratiquem ou sofram bullying na escola. Implicações para a área da saúde foram exploradas a partir dos aspectos empíricos explorados no estudo / This study\'s research objects were school bullying and family interactions. Bullying is a type of violence considered to be a public health problem and family interactions are characterized by parental practices, behaviors and feelings. The objective was to analyze and understand the relationship between the quality of adolescents\' family interactions and their involvement in school bullying from their own students\' perspective. A total of 2,354 primary and middle school students (girls = 50.7%; average age = 14.5 years old, SD = 2.0 years) from 11 public schools from Uberaba, MG, Brazil participated in the study. Methodological triangulation was adopted and data were collected using two scales (bullying and family interactions), in addition to semi-structured interviews. Data analysis procedures included: descriptive statistical analysis; ANOVA to check for differences and similarities among the means obtained by the groups involved in bullying in regard to nine dimensions of quality of family interaction; and logistic regression to assess the predictive or protective power of family variables in regard to school bullying. Interviews were analyzed using content thematic analysis through Atlas.TI. From this process emerged three thematic categories: 1) Inter-relationships and the influence of families on what happen at the school; 2) Family as a space for ethical and moral development; 3) Synergies and family and school-based coping. The theoretical- methodological framework adopted was the Bronfenbrenner\'s bio-ecological development theory. The results reveal a prevalence of 10.3% of bullies, 10.1% of victims, and 5.4% of victims-bullies in the sample. The combined data analysis verified that students not involved with bullying enjoyed better family interactions, suggesting there is an inverse pattern of family interactions for those identified as bullies, victims or victim- bullies. Variance analysis confirmed this, as it identified significant differences among groups (students not involved with bullying, bullies, victims, and victim-bullies) in regard to the quality of family interactions. Effects from monitoring and the establishment of rules in the family context constituted a protective factor, while positive involvement, communication and marital climate and attachment to parental figures are dimensions to be explored and verified in regard to issues concerning protective factors and coping. The negative aspects of family interactions were associated with a higher likelihood of bullying or victimization among students. The quality of family interactions plays a role in the involvement of adolescents with school bullying, whether as bullies, victims or victim-bullies. These findings are in agreement with those from studies reporting that the families of bullies and victims are less functional than the families of students not involved with bullying. The triangulation of data was important to capturing the meanings adolescents assign to the different family interactions in the development of bullying and victimization. The temporal and potential influence of family experiences include situations from those of a protective nature to those with the potential to lead students to practice or suffer bullying at school. Implications for the health field were explored based on the empirical aspects explored in this study

Childhood obesity puts children at risk for chronic metabolic diseases. Identification of weight-related risk factors in childhood is important to prevent adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). This dissertation evaluates risk factors for adolescent obesity and dyslipidemia. Multivariable regression analyses of data from black and white girls in the National Growth and Health Study (n=2,379) were used to identify predictors of these cardiometabolic risks (CMR). The first aim was to compare the impact of different measures of early adolescent adiposity (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC; waist-to-hip ratio, WHR; percent body fat from bioelectrical impedance, %BF) as predictors of later adolescent lipid levels. Black girls had significantly lower pre-adolescent %BF (23.6% vs. 26.4%) than whites, but gained fat more rapidly (34.7% vs. 14.0% increases), exceeding whites in %BF by late adolescence. WC was a stronger predictor of subsequent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels than other measures of body composition (LDL difference between WC of highest and lowest quintiles: 29.5 mg/dL, whites; 17.9 mg/dL, blacks). Regardless of race, BMI was associated with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and higher levels of LDL, TG, and TG/HDL (triglyceride to HDL ratio). The second aim compared pre- and post-menarche measures of early adolescent body fat as determinants of later LDL, HDL, TG, and TG/HDL. BMI measures post-menarche were generally better predictors of later lipids in white girls compared with pre-menarche measures, while pre- and post-menarche BMI measures were equally good as predictors of later lipid levels in black girls. The third aim examined the role of maternal depressive symptoms as a risk factor for increased BMI among daughters. Daughters of mothers with higher depression scores had greater BMI increases throughout adolescence (p<0.0001), and a late adolescent BMI that was 0.88 kg/m2 higher than those of mothers with lower depression scores. These findings underline the importance of monitoring early physical and psychosocial CMR factors during adolescence to prevent CVD risk.

Following the philosophical oeuvre of Michel Foucault, I locate and discuss how the discursive formulation of adolescent health promotion defines the conceptual possibilities and determines the boundaries of nurses’ thinking and practices as they are written about in nursing texts. From my archaeological work, I locate and name two confident nursing practices within the context of young people and their health: “reducing risk” and “promoting well becoming” and go on to locate those practices within two broader theoretical discourses within human science: the biological view and the social constructionist view. From my genealogical work, I consider how the management of the adolescent body has become a matter that situates biological life (puberty) as a political event and situates the nurse within governing practices of pastoral power. I question the ways in which adolescent health may be shaped through political interests of economy and social order and question: When is an adolescent ever deemed responsible in matters pertaining to their health? I offer an alternative view of responsibility and argue for a shift in established binary thinking that allows for the consideration of co-responsibility. / Graduate / 0569 / 0758 / 0680 / mmryan@uvic.ca

Diss. Lund : Lunds universitet, 2006.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

This study identified peak periods of the onset, prevalence, and correlates of early adolescent substance use, and evaluated the feasibility of implementing a brief student survey at a high school in the southeastern United States. A brief survey was selfadministered and 791 students with a mean age of 16.2 years (SD = 1.24) provided complete data including demographics, past and current substance use, academic performance, absenteeism, and indications of substance dependence. Over half (54.3%) of the current tobacco users reported initiating tobacco use prior to the age of 14 years. Age of tobacco use onset was associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs, indications of substance dependence, absenteeism, and obtaining poor grades. Annual monitoring of substance use rates appears both practical and economical.

This body of work aspires to explore the avenues by which medical professionals can leverage adolescents' current and historic high social media usage to increase their health literacy. In order to accomplish this, several types of health literacy and the ethical implications of inadequate health literacy are discussed, specifically with adolescents in mind. Next, trends in media and social media usage by adolescents and its effects on this population are determined, and examples of interventions using these means in the literature are analyzed. Finally, the work discusses my personal experience using social media to disseminate health information, challenges our collaborative faces, and future directions for our project. / Urban Bioethics

Inflytande och delaktighet utgör det första målområdet i svensk folkhälsopolitik och anses vara grundläggande för människors hälsa. Sambandet mellan delaktighet och hälsa är etablerat, men framför allt bland vuxna. Hur sambandet mellan delaktighet, och i synnerhet hur olika komponenter av delaktighet, och hälsa ser ut bland gymnasieungdomar är inte lika väl undersökt. Syftet med studien var att dels undersöka samband mellan delaktighet i form av vilja att påverka frågor i kommunen samt föreningsaktivitet och självskattad hälsa bland gymnasieungdomar, dels hur sambanden förändras vid kontroll av andra faktorer. Studien hade en tvärsnittsdesign och baserades på befolkningsenkäten Liv och hälsa ung i Uppsala län från 2013. Urvalet bestod av 2453 gymnasieelever. Sambanden analyserades med hjälp av binär logistisk regression. Att vilja påverka frågor i kommunen hade ett svagt samband med självskattad hälsa, men vid justering av sociodemografiska, sociala samt skolrelaterade faktorer försvann sambandet. Föreningsaktivitet var däremot signifikant associerat med självskattad hälsa, där föreningsinaktivitet var förknippat med högre odds för självskattad ohälsa. Faktorer närmare ungdomarnas liv hade emellertid starkare samband med deras självskattade hälsa. Riktningen i sambanden kunde inte fastslås, men baserat på tidigare forskning, indikerar resultatet att föreningsaktivitet kan vara ett område att rikta folkhälsoinsatser mot. Både som ett sätt att främja hälsa, men också för att öka demokratist deltagande och inflytande. / Influence and participation is the first target area in the Swedish public health policy and is considered essential to people’s health. The link between participation and health is established, but especially among adults. How participation, and in particular how various components of participation, are related to health among high school students is not as well investigated. The aim of the study was partly to investigate if participation in terms of wanting to influence issues of the municipality and also engagement in different associations relate to self-rated health among high school students, partly how the relationships change when adjusting for other factors. The study had a cross-sectional design and was based on the population survey Liv och hälsa ung in Uppsala County from 2013. The study population consisted of 2453 high school students. The correlations were analysed using binary logistic regression. Wanting to influence issues in the municipality had a weak correlation with self-rated health, and when adjusting for socio-demographic, social and school-related factors, the relationship disappeared. Engagement in an association, however, was significantly associated with self-rated health. Not being engaged in an association was associated with higher odds of self-rated health less then good, although factors closer to the adolescents had a stronger relationship with their self-rated health. The direction of the relationship could not be confirmed, but based on previous research, the results suggest that public health initiatives aimed at increasing the involvement in associations may be relevant, both as a step to promote health and to increase democratic participation and influence.

Participation in risky behaviors is a common threat to an adolescent's health. Youth engagement (YE), a youth's meaningful and sustained participation in an activity, is a way to help reduce that threat. The Medical Reserve Corps (MRC), a public health emergency preparedness and response organization, has opportunities for engaging youth. However, few adolescents participate in MRC activities, signaling network-wide variations in working with youth. Furthermore, there is a gap in the literature exploring YE in emergency preparedness organizations, including the MRC. The purpose of this dissertation was to better understand youth engagement and development within organizations like these. With the MRC as the example and youth development theories as the lens, YE was examined as well as challenges and benefits of YE, needs, and use of YE strategies within the MRC. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach was used to assess YE in the MRC: Phase I- key informant interviews of youth (ages 14-18) and adults in and out of MRC (N=17); and Phase II- a nationwide web-based survey of adult MRC unit leaders (N=215). Qualitative data was analyzed with Microsoft Word and Excel; quantitative data analyzed with Stata 12.0. Results revealed common challenges experienced by MRC units working with youth, including liability concerns. Benefits found include preparation of the youth for future careers and giving youth a focus beyond themselves. A Spearman's correlation found a statistically significant association (r=0.30, N=52, p=0.0288) between the use of the core YE principles and the level of youth participation among the MRC units with youth membership, meaning use of these principles may be helpful in better involving youth. Furthermore, "Building Youth and Adult Capacity" was the top YE principle used among the MRC units that allow youth membership to engage youth. Despite noted challenges, engaging adolescents in the MRC still has many benefits with long-term public health and maternal and child implications for youth in emergency preparedness organizations. These include development of a responsible youth that protects their peers, families, and local communities from public health challenges, positively impacting the community. Recommendations for building student MRC programs across the nation have been provided.