It aims at find out the shortage of Value chain activities should be improved of Chinese little recycle companies, through a comparative analysis of value chain activities of a laggard and advanced recycle company. And set the steps to identify opportunities for little recycle companies to gain competitive from low cost and add-value. Finally try to find out the most proper way though the value chain and competitive advantage to develop recycling companies ‘competitiveness. And it also gives some useful suggestions.

Background: Firms are today competing for educated and qualified people within the IT-industry, due to the high business activity. Firms require new employees to have both a formal education and relevant work expe-riences. Newspaper articles state that IT-companies have difficulties finding qualified employees and that they also see this shortage of competencies as the most prominent hinder to economic growth. To handle this shortage are an increased amount of companies starting structured training activities for their new employees, which by general terms is called trainee programs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to do an explorative study of compa-nies in the Swedish IT-industry, to see if and why a trainee program could be a source of competitive advantage. Method: A qualitative approach has been applied when collecting data. Four small case studies were made by interviewing top managers and col-lecting company related information. The companies had diverse sizes and different experiences from trainee programs. The data was analyzed with the Resource-based view as a guiding theory applying the VRIN framework. Conclusion: By doing the studies three value adding aspects was found. They were staffing/recruitment, marketing and, organizational learning and development. Within the resource-based views boundaries were: recruitment and staffing found to be a source of at best tem-porary competitive advantage, the same conclusion applies for trai-nee program as a marketing tool. Organizational learning and de-velopment could be seen as a source of competitive advantage due to the complex impact a trainee program has to an organization. To summarize the above mentioned; trainee program could be a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Three obstacles for implementing trainee programs were found; feeling of being to small, short-term thinking and the lack of time.

Abstract Electrodeposited Copper Foil (ED Foil) is the most essential conductive material to PCB. With the recession of electronic industry and the appearance of Internet Economy Bubble for printed circuit board (PCB) industry, PCB industry slowed down its productivity around 2000 and the ED Foil industry in Taiwan had to face the vicious circle as the supply exceeds the demand. As for America, because of the declination of the industry, it is now almost out of the ED Foil industry which means that the global chief city of the field has changed from the States to Japan. However, with the high production costs and labor expenses, Japan is now suspending the enlargement of productivity, Therefore, the productivity of Taiwan till 2005 already ranked the top one in the world. Unfortunately, we are now facing the biggest competitor, China, who has tried enthusiastically to attract our ED Foil and PCB companies to move to his land, especially it has aimed the ED Foil industry as his top target to enkindle. This research has consulted several diverse documents from inside and outside Taiwan through the analyses of industrial structures, ¡§Diamond System¡¨ and ¡§SWOT Analysis¡¨ to have a clear understanding towards the construction of Taiwan¡¦s ED Foil industry and its ¡§competitive advantages¡¨. Owning these accomplished advantages as the base, we can come out the cooperative strategies for ED Foil industry¡¦s future and its ¡§Anti Competition Policy¡¨ according to the ¡§scenarios¡¨. We deeply hope that with these devices, we can strengthen the industrial¡¦s efficiency in our ED Foil¡¦s industry and at the same time, our status in this field can remain competitive around the world. The research found out that in ED Foil industry¡¦s area, the early players monopolized the market and twisted the market¡¦s efficiency at the same time. Therefore, those early players got the chance to earn a huge sum of money and as a result, some potential competitors joined the market to share the benefits. Besides, because of the rising concept of globalization among the mega electronic companies, more and more module and component companies are willing to be localized to correspond to the change. Simultaneously, the demand of both PCB and ED Foil has started to increase in Asia; therefore, the ED Foil industry in Taiwan is getting more and more prosperous because of the favorable geographical position. Moreover, high performing and large-sized facilities are adapted to produce high quality and low cost merchandizes efficiently to enhance the competitiveness in the industry. Therefore, the chain that connected with the downstream industry has become more completed and moreover, the bunching effect can be elaborate thoroughly. According to the research, we have discovered that there are many uncertainties within the operation of Taiwan¡¦s ED Foil industry such as the slight increase of the demand in Taiwan and the exports are overly centered on Hong Kong and China. Other concern like the percentage of the fixed prime cost is excessively high matters the efficiency of the productivity and as a result, a price war comes out easily because of the supply exceeds the demand. In the meantime, we have come out with the conclusion that the government should actively help the integration of the industry¡¦s future development. And we suggest that the ED Foil industry in Taiwan should take the co-opetition policy as follows: 1. The buying-associations that share the supplementary values of the recycling copper wires and R&D-associations can share the R&D cost in the area of the newly applying development will be erected to largely reduce the prime costs. Furthermore, an information exchange center will be provided for those associations to utilize others¡¦ useful experiences. 2. The business cooperative operations either with the same upstream or downstream companies all necessarily needed to be constructed. Those united cooperation such as Mergers & Acquisitions should be promoted within industries, including investments. These strategies will accelerate the development of the business. 3. New and prosperous markets such as Thailand and Vietnam need to be explored to disperse our export markets to decrease our dependency on China. 4. Complementary relationship and proper division of labors should be built up within cross-Strait without making other vicious competitions.

After liberizing of petroleum products in domestic market, higher crude oil price in the international market since 2005, and emergencing of a well-known in high managerial performance competitor, this case study company, a state-owened enterprise entitled with the responsibility of fully supply of petroleum products needed island wide, has already been impacted seriously by those environments change. History datum or documents analysis and case study methods were used to explore the influence of government policy to local petroleum industries and so the influence of international petroleum industry development to the petroleum industries in Taiwan. Also, the analysis of competition advantages of case company, the discussions on the competition strategies of case company, and further discussion on it's future developments influence by the stratagies were contained in the report. The conclussion are as follows: 1. To maintain two independant refiners and two independant petrochemicals are important in Taiwan. 2. The feed back mechanism, which was designed by the government, is important to the future development of the industries in Taiwan. 3. Taxation on energy from the public is helpful to increase competition of the whole country. 4. If state-owned enterprises may wholly subject by company law, there will be a positive effects on its¡¦ performance. 5. It is of vital important to establish a fair competition environment for this case study company. 6. It is of vital important to design a market price adjusing mechanism and will be much helpful for the development of the case study company. 7. The tuning of refinning structure is positive for the case study company. 8. Transferring to be an energy company is a vision of the case study company. 9. To strengthen exploration activitites has positive effects on the profitability for the case study company. 10. Well usage of gas station as marketing network will be helpfull to the operation of the case study company. 11. Building and maintainning a good image is essential for the case study company's operation in the future. Base on the conclusions mentioned above, this case study suggests: 1. Maintainning current two local petroleum refiners is a must at this moment. 2. The government should establish a fair competition environment and resonable market orders for petroleum industry in Taiwan. 3. Taxation on energy tax by level of consumer should be done by government, and also, the encourage measure for energy saving company should be announced. 4. A feedback mechanism must be designed by the government to help the futher development of petroleum industry. 5. The case study company should be allowed by the government to invest abroad so as to step into global market. 6. The case study company ought to have the competition promotion be carried out. 7. The case study company ought to join social responsibility to promote the image of the company.

The extremely shrinking demand of domestic market on PS resin has been resulted by the relocation of sub-manufacturing lines to overseas and the threat of substitutes. Thereof, the export becomes the main life pulse for PS resin industry. However, in the recent years, both China and oil supply countries in Middle East have aggressively made the development in petrochemical industry ,our export has been confronted strong competitiveness accordingly. On top, the vacillated policy on resin restriction and the getting stricter environmental protection law from government have become the obstacles for PS resin industry to make further development and have increased the manufacturing cost. Facing this high competitiveness and various obstacles, manufacturers have to increase their competitiveness in their business strategy , or they could be eliminated from the competition. This thesis is based on the methodology of ¡§qualitative research¡¨ by referring to the national and international related documentation and the analysis of the entire environment and the external environment of industry in order to seek the opportunity and threat for the industry. Besides, through the internal analysis, the advantages and disadvantages have been understood. In addition, base on the practice of business strategy, the possible solutions; references and proposals to increase the competitiveness have been listed for manufacturers of traditional industry to make their business plan. The summary per our study to increase competitiveness for business strategy can be covered by the following: 1. To make differential products to seek new customers in different category. 2. To well control the cost of raw material to seek the opportunity profit. 3. To setup alliance strategy to improve the weakness of business. 4. To develop targeted market to build up new sales channel. 5. To adjust and develop the production line for alternative use to create more profitable products¡¦ production. 6. To make cooperation forum for R&D to develope value added products

In this research, the case company is by originally shipyard which make small fish boat, with fast development of the deep-sea fishery in Taiwan, the technology and producing can also the fast promotion. After the 21st century along with global sea environmental protection consciousness, the fishery policy adjustment causes 50% sales reduction. The case company inevitably is facing the traditional market reducing, pondered the future will manage direction and goal. This research in faces in the process in view of the document company which the market transforms, how creates the competitive advantage, this will study the conclusion summary as follows to show. 1. Is insufficient to when itself brand well-knowingness to sell in the market, using the seller develops the full quantity production line will causes the production and the technical personnel grow stably. 2. The domestic market is small, the marking strategy is important for the international market; the company should positively carry out and adjust the company resources. 3. Carries out the company to organize to reform, establishes the perfect organization system, expands and service promoting in order to help the company. 4. At present positively develops the full quantity production line and the dealer, long-term establishment brand and stable growth.

Hypermarket Taiwan become hot topic extremely now such as shop, hypermarket the shop and emphasize mainly the goods are various in style, good and inexpensive, can satisfy consumer's basic demand of the necessary for life in quantity. Only put emphasis on reducing unit's benefit cost, it has not been enough to show one's talent in the strong competition yet; Especially consumers to hypermarket the susceptibility of price differential of the shop to every quantity, increase with the income and reduce gradually. Can deal with the apparent and inside latent exchange cost outside effectively at the same time, could grow up continuously on the retail market that is saturated day by day. Research this to is it seek present situation and effect of education and training their to go to present situation, Company of case, so must understand case Company live in competition present situation and future goal, Company of case, of industry and wish the scene, find out case company's future development tactics and goal, understand case company's due education and training goal from it, therefore the research approach to take quality, through the collection of the secondary materials, to studying the important executive in the profundity interview questionnaire case company of the main purpose, sum up the possible direction of company's education and training of the case, do the reference that is carried out in the future for the case company. The result of study is found, the execution of education and training really brings the enhancement in various degree on the improvement and ability of personnel's knowledge for the case company, whole case company will be promoted because of this while managing the competition advantage. So measure the promotion of personnel of buying to sell the shop quality and passing on of information management trans-regionally, can bring limitless latent energy to enterprises.

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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the foundation of Taiwan¡¦s corporate structures and the driving force behind Taiwan¡¦s economic development. The economic miracle in the past could be attributed to the high proportion (97.8%) of small enterprises in Taiwan (2005). Therefore, how small and medium enterprises use human resource management to obtain organizational competitive advantages is the motivation behind this research. High-performing and potential SMEs¡¦ practices of human resource management may be beneficial to the learning and referencing of domestic enterprises. Thus, this study focuses on enterprises which received the National SMEs Award from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and enterprises listed as ¡§small but beautiful, small but rich¡¨ on the Feb 2006 issue of CommonWealth Magazine. Through in-depth interviews, this study attempted to qualitatively induce and analyze the core practices involved in human resource management and the practices developed under and applied to various situations. Through literature review and interviews with six high-performing SMEs in Taiwan, the following results were obtained: 1.The analysis of the human resource management measures currently adopted by SMEs showed that human resource management and organizational competitive advantages are correlated. Human resource management measures are influential to human resource competence, organizational core competence, and organizational competitive advantages. 2.From a universalistic perspective, SMEs¡¦ core practices of human resource management include: sharing of operation results with employees, providing a strict recruitment procedure and valuing employees¡¦ cultural adaptation, offering highly-competitive salary, valuing cultivation of professional competence, integrating performance, salary, and development, and providing open communication channels. 3.From a contingency perspective, we probed into the SMEs¡¦ practices of human resource management developed under and applied to various contexts. The analysis of the outstanding SMEs showed that human resource management measures that enterprises have focused on to obtain competitive advantages may vary with practical contexts. Organizations can thus react and adapt to the dynamic environment and maintain or elevate their competitive advantages.

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