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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Effects of photoperiod on swarming behavior and mating activity in Aedes triseriatus (Say).

Reese, John William January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
62

Estudo descritivo da infestação por Aedes aegypti de 1998 a 2015 e de casos de dengue de 2001 a 2015, no município de São Sebastião - SP, Brasil / Descriptive study of Aedes aegypti infestation from 1998 to 2015 and of dengue cases from 2001 to 2015 in the municipality of São Sebastião - SP, Brazil

Pinto, Gabriela de Oliveira de Avila 17 December 2018 (has links)
A análise espaço-temporal da transmissão é um recurso fundamental para abordagem de doenças que acometem a população. Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever e analisar espacialmente e temporalmente a transmissão de dengue no município de São Sebastião - SP, entre os anos de 2001 a 2015, buscando elucidar aspectos da transmissão de dengue no município. Dados de casos de dengue e variáveis de características da população foram obtidos no Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica \"Prof. Alexandre Vranjac\" e na Secretaria da Saúde de São Sebastião do banco Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e dados da infestação do vetor Aedes aegypti, nos arquivos dos sistemas de informação SISAEDES e SISAWEB, bem como de projetos desenvolvidos anteriormente pelo Laboratório de Biologia e Ecologia de Culicídeos da SUCEN. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados de incidência e do índice de infestação predial (IP). Observou-se o registro da positividade do vetor em 1998, na região central, com crescente expansão para os bairros próximos. A ocorrência dos casos de dengue mostrou um possível maior registro no sexo feminino. Anos com baixos índices anuais pluviométricos demonstraram provável aumento no número de casos de dengue e de imóveis positivos para o vetor. Anos com temperaturas médias anuais entre 20 a 31ºC mostraram uma possível elevação no número de casos e de infestação de Aedes aegypti. / The spatial-temporal analysis of transmission is a base resource on approaching of population diseases. The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the spatial-temporal transmission of dengue in the municipality of São Sebastião - SP, between 2001 and 2015 aiming to elucidate aspects of dengue transmission. The data of cases of Dengue and variables characteristic of population were obtained from the center of epidemiological vigilance \"Prof. Alexandre Vranjac\", the notification database (SINAN) of health secretary from São Sebastião, the database of vector Aedes aegypti infestation in information system SISAEDES and SISAWEB and previous projects developed by laboratory of culicid biology and ecology from Superintendência de Controle de Endemias (SUCEN). It was observed the vector positivity in 1998 on central region with a growing expansion to near neighborhoods. The occurrence of dengue cases has shown a possible higher level on female gender. The years with low annual precipitation levels had a possible increasing on number of dengue cases and houses with vector. The years with annual temperature ranging from 20 to 31°C have shown a possible increasing on number of cases and infestation of Aedes aegypti.
63

Genealogia, distribuição e história de haplótipos do gene mitocondrial NADH 4 em populações do Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) no Brasil / Genealogy, distribution and history of NADH4 haplotypes in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) populations from Brazil.

Bracco, José Eduardo 06 January 2005 (has links)
Informações sobre variabilidade intrapopulacional de vetores biológicos são críticas para o entendimento da transmissão de agentes infecciosos veiculados por esses organismos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho caracterizou a variabilidade de fragmento que codifica a subunidade 4 do gene mitocondrial da Nicotinamina Adenina Dinucleotideo Desidrogenase - NADH4 em populações de Aedes aegypti do Brasil e de outros países. Polimorfismos de nucleotídeos únicos foram detectados através da técnica de seqüenciamento genômico. As análises realizadas compreenderam a de variância molecular (AMOVA), clados agrupados (NCA), distribuição de diferenças pareadas. Paralelamente foram examinadas relações evolutivas entre os haplótipos com o emprego dos critérios de parcimônia máxima e verossimilhança máxima. Os resultados mostram que há polimorfismo do fragmento nas populações analisadas, levando à proposição de dois clados geneticamente independentes (monofiléticos). Inferências de caráter histórico suportam a hipótese de que um dos clados inclui seqüências de indivíduos de populações que chegaram às Américas durante os séculos XVII e XVIII pelo tráfico negreiro, e outro, formado por populações introduzidas mais recentemente, se originou de populações asiáticas. Possíveis implicações epidemiológicas da variabilidade genética apresentada pelas populações do Ae. aegypti são também discutidas. / Knowledge about intrapopulacional variation of biological vectors is critical for understanding the dynamics of the transmission of an infectious agent. The major objective of the present study is to characterize the variability of a gene fragment, which codes for the subunit 4 of the mitochondrial gene of the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase - NADH4 among Aedes aegypti populations from Brazil comparing with that of several other countries. Single nucleotide polymorphism was detected employing genomic sequencing techniques. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed using molecular variance (AMOVA), nested clade (NCA) and mismatch distribution methods. Additionally, evolutionary relationships among haplotypes were estimated employing maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood criterions. The results show that the fragment of the mitochondrial gene (NADH4) is polymorphic, and that the populations of Ae. aegypti from Brazil are grouped into two genetically distinct, monophyletic clades Historical inferences support the hypothesis that one clade includes sequences from individuals that may be introduced in the Americas in the 17th and 18th centuries during the slave trade from Africa to America. The second clade consists of sequences of individuals that may be introduced in Brazil more recent, probably from Asian populations. Epidemiological consequences because of the genetic variability among populations of Ae. aegypti in Brazil are discussed.
64

Avaliação farmacológica do extrato da glândula salivar de mosquito Aedes aegypti no prurido agudo e inflamação cutânea. / Pharmacologic evaluation of salivar gand extract from female Aedes aegypti mosquito in acute pruritus and skin inflammation.

Cerqueira, Anderson Romério Azevedo 02 February 2018 (has links)
O prurido (agudo e crônico) é uma sensação desagradável, que provoca o desejo ou o reflexo de coçar-se. Estima-se que 23 a 44 milhões de norte americanos sofrem com prurido, mas os dados epidemiológicos da frequência e as causas do prurido são escassos em vários países, incluindo Brasil. Os anti-histamínicos constituem os principais fármacos para tratar alergias e prurido provocado por picadas de insetos, mas são ineficazes conta o prurido idiopático, crônico e generalizado. Curiosamente, a exposição primária de humanos e animais à picada do mosquito fêmea Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) não induz prurido, e pouco se sabe sobre este efeito. Neste contexto, este estudo caracterizou, via emprego de abordagens farmacológicas, o efeito do extrato da glândula salivar (EGS) do mosquito A. aegypti sobre o prurido (e inflamação cutânea relacionada) induzido por vias histaminérgicas (ou não) em pele dorsal de camundongos. A indução do prurido agudo (inflamação cutânea) foi feita pela injeção intradérmica (i.d) do composto 48/80 (C48/80), agonistas de Receptores Ativados por Protease -2 (PAR-2 (SLIGRL), receptores acoplados a proteína G do tipo mas (Mrgrp (cloroquina) e de potencial transitório TRPA1 e TRPV1 (allyl isothiocyanate e capsaicina, respectivamente) em Tyrode. O EGS do A. aegypti, (0,3 a 3 <font face = \"symbol\">mg/sitio, i.d.) inibiu o prurido, edema e influxo de células frente ao C48/80 em pele murina, mas não protegeu da desgranulação do mastócito in vitro, indicando que componentes bioativos no EGS inibem o prurido e a inflamação dependentes de vias histaminérgicas. O EGS reduziu parcialmente o prurido (ou inflamação neurogênica) induzido por SLIGRL, cloroquina, AITC ou capsaicina na pele murina, sugerindo que outros componentes bioativos afetam disparos nervosos pruriceptivos de vias não histaminérgicas. O estudo in vitro veio igualmente esclarecer que moléculas conservadas no EGS inibem respostas nervosas aos agonistas TRPV1 e TRPA1 em cultura de células de neurônios ou linhagem HEK293t transfectada (hTRPV1 e hTRPA1). Este estudo mostrou, pela primeira vez, a caracterização farmacológica anti-pruriceptiva (e anti-inflamatória) do EGS do mosquito fêmea A. aegypti, cujo mecanismo inclui vias sensível e resistente a histamina, podendo o EGS representar um nova ferramenta farmacológica com potencial para o controle do prurido. / Pruritus (acute and chronic) is an unpleasant sensation, which causes the desire or the reflex of scratching. It is estimated that 23 to 44 million Americans suffer from pruritus, but epidemiological data on pruritus frequency and its causes are scarce in several countries, including Brazil. Antihistamines are the main drugs to treat allergies and pruritus caused by insect bites, but they are ineffective to treat idiopathic, chronic and generalized pruritus. Interestingly, a primary exposure of humans and animals to the bite of the female mosquito Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) does not induce pruritus, and little is known about this effect. In this context, this study characterized, through the use of pharmacological approaches, the effect of the salivary gland extract (EGS) of the A. aegypti mosquito on pruritus (and related cutaneous inflammation) induced by histaminergic or non histaminergic pathways in the dorsal skin of mice. The induction of acute pruritus (and or cutaneous inflammation) was produced by the intradermal (i.d.) injection of compound 48/80 (C48/80), agonists Protease Activated Receptor -2 (PAR-2 (SLIGRL), mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (Mrgrp (chloroquine) and transient receptor potential TRPA1 and TRPV1 (allyl isothiocyanate and capsaicin, respectively) diluted in Tyrode. The A. aegypti SGE, (0.3 to 3 <font face = \"symbol\">mg/site, id) significantly inhibited pruritus, edema and neutrophil influx evoked by C48/80 in murine skin, but it did not protect against mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro. This suggests that EGS bioactive components inhibit pruritus and inflammation via mechanism dependent on histaminergic pathways. SGE partially reduced SLIGRL, chloroquine, AITC-induced pruritus, or capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in murine skin, suggesting that SGE bioactive components affect pruriceptive nerve firing independently of histaminergic pathways. The in vitro study also clarified that conserved SGE molecules inhibit nerve responses to TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists in cultured neurons of dorsal root ganglia or transfected HEK293t lineage (hTRPV1 and hTRPA1). This study showed, for the first time, the anti-pruriceptive (and anti-inflammatory) pharmacological characterization of the EGS from the A. aegypti female mosquito, whose mechanism includes sensitive and histamine-resistant pathways. EGS may represents a new pharmacological tool with potential to treat pruritus.
65

Estrutura da vigilância em dengue no município de Mogi das Cruzes, SP, no período de 2003 a 2007 / Structure of vigilance in Dengue in Mogi das Cruzes city, SP, in period of 2003 until 2007

Suzuki, Selma Lina 06 February 2009 (has links)
Introdução. A dengue é uma doença reemergente preocupante para a saúde pública. O seu agente, Aedes aegypti, é a principal espécie responsável pela transmissão do vírus da dengue. Atualmente a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) estima que entre 50 a 100 milhões de pessoas se infectem anualmente em países de todos os continentes com exceção da Europa. Objetivo. Descrever e conhecer a estrutura dos serviços de controle do Aedes aegypti e os aspectos epidemiológicos da dengue no município de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo. Métodos. A área de estudo foi o município de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, no período de 2003 a 2007. Foram utilizados dados de bases sucundários da Secretaria de Saúde do município para a descrição quanto a estrutura de vigilância. Os registros de temperatura e pluviosidades foram confrontados por meio de correlação com os focos positivos. Resultados. Observou-se deficiência quanto a estrutura e funcionamento dos serviços de vigilância diante do preconizado pelo PNCD, Ministério da Saúde. Os casos de dengue no município são todos importados, e a maioria são de regiões próximas como o litoral norte e sul. Foi fraca, porém significativa a correlação entre a pluviosidade, temperatura e o foco positivo para o vetor. Observou-se por meio de correlação utilizando o time-lag em mês, que houve correlação significativa no mês em que chove e até três meses após a chuva. Conclusões. Os resultados indicam que o município reúne condições favoráveis à epidemia de dengue e necessita aperfeiçoar o seu sistema de prevenção à doença / Introdution: Dengue is a preoccupying re-emergent illness for public health. The agent, Aedes Aegypti, is the main responsible specie for the transmission of dengue virus. Currently the World Health Organization (OMS) estimate that between 50 until 100 million of people are infected annually in all countries of continents with exception of Europe. Aim. Describe and know the structure of control services of Aedes aegypti and the epidemiologists aspects of dengue in Mogi das Cruzes city, São Paulo. Method. The study area was the Mogi das Cruzes city, Sao Paulo, in the period of 2003 until 2007. It had been used data base of Health Secretary of city to describe as the structure of vigilance. The registers of temperature and rainfalls had been collated by correlation with positive focus. Results. Observed the deficiency for the structure and functionality of vigilance services in the presence of described by PCND, Minister of Health. The all cases of dengue in the city are imported, and the majority is from next regions as north and south coast. It was weak, however the significant correlation between the rainfall, temperature and positive focus for the vector. Observed by correlation mode using the time-lag in month, that had significant correlation in the rain month and until three month after rain. Conclusions. The results indicate that the city congregate favorable conditions to the dengue epidemic and needs to improve their system of illness prevention
66

Estudo epidemiológico da dengue no período de 2000 a 2005 no Município de Guarulhos (SP) / Epidemiologic study of dengue in the period of 2000 to 2005 in the city of Guarulhos (SP)

Mansho, Wilson 23 November 2006 (has links)
A cada ano a dengue tem preocupado cada vez mais os países e levado os sistemas de vigilância da saúde, nas diversas esferas, a adotar várias medidas para o seu controle, tendo em vista a iminência de uma grande epidemia de febre hemorrágica no mundo. Os estudos epidemiológicos ajudam esses sistemas de vigilância a melhorar e direcionar as ações preventivas para o controle da doença. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico dos casos notificados e confirmados de dengue, a partir do banco de dados do SINAN, nos anos de 2000 a 2005 no Município de Guarulhos (SP). Para se analisar a ocorrência da doença segundo variáveis sócio-demográficas (sexo, raça, faixa etária e a densidade demográfica de cada bairro) foi realizada uma análise estatística onde se observou as diferenças entre os casos do banco de dados e os indivíduos da população do município para cada variável. Para a variável sexo, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as proporções para cada sexo na amostra e na população do município (P=0,28); para a variável raça, não foi observada diferença estatística significativa entre as proporções de indivíduos das raças parda e indígena (P>0,05), porém nas outras comparações entre as raças (branca, negra, amarela e ignorado), foram observadas diferenças estatísticas (P<0,05) em comparação com a população do Estado. Para as faixas etárias, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas nas categorias de 15-19 anos, 20-24 anos, 25-29 anos, 55-59 anos, 60-64 anos e 70-74 anos (P>0,05) em relação às proporções nas faixas etárias correspondentes na população do município. Por outro lado, nas outras faixas etárias (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 30-34, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 75+ anos) foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas (P<0,05). Procurou-se relacionar o número mensal de casos, ano a ano, tanto com o índice de Breteau quanto com os dados meteorológicos de precipitação total mensal e a temperatura média compensada mensal, porém foi observada uma baixa correlação estatística entre os casos da doença e este índice e entre os casos e a temperatura média compensada mensal e a precipitação total mensal. Também foi realizada uma análise da série histórica dos casos, onde foi possível observar o aumento de casos nos anos de 2002 e 2003. Na análise de sazonalidade foi observado que, nos meses de fevereiro a maio, o número de casos supera a média anual, ficando abaixo da média nos meses de junho a janeiro. Os casos foram distribuídos nos mapas georreferenciados por bairros e por ano de incidência e foi possível observar o processo de endemização da doença, com casos espalhados no município em todos os anos do estudo. / Dengue is a disease that concerns health authorities in many countries and the surveillance systems are adopting measures to control it, once a great epidemic of hemorrhagic fever is expected to occur. Epidemiologic studies help these surveillance systems to improve and to manage preventive actions to control the disease. The objective of this research was to carry out an epidemiologic study of notified and confirmed cases of dengue, from the database of SINAN, corresponding to the years from 2000 to 2005 in the City of Guarulhos (SP). To analyze the occurrence of the illness according to social-demographic variables (sex, race, age and demographic density of each district), a statistical analysis was performed, and, for each variable, the differences between the cases of the data base and the individuals of the population of the city were observed. For the variable \"sex\", statistically significant differences between the proportions for each sex in the data base and in the city population were not observed (P=0.28); for the variable \"race\", a statistically significant difference was not observed between the proportions of individuals of the races \"medium brown\" and \"indigenous\" (P>0.05), however in the other comparisons between races (\"white\", \"black color\", \" yellow\" and \"ignored\"), statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). For age, statistically significant differences were not observed in the categories of 15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years and 70-74 years (P>0.05) when compared with the corresponding age intervals in the city population. However, in the other age intervals (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 30-34, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 75+ years) statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). We assessed whether there was a relationship between the monthly number of cases, for each year, and the Breteau index, the meteorological data of monthly total precipitation and monthly compensated average temperature. Low correlation coefficients, however, were observed between the cases and the Breteau index and between the cases and the monthly compensated average temperature and the monthly total precipitation for each year. An analysis of the time series of cases was carried out, and it was possible to observe an increase in the number of cases in years 2002 and 2003. In the seasonal analysis it was observed that, from February to May, the number of cases surpasses the annual mean, and that the number of cases from June and January are below the mean. The cases were distributed in georeferenced maps by district and year of incidence and it was possible to observe the process of increasing endemicity of the illness, with cases spread throughout the city in every year of the study.
67

The effects of temperature and humidity on the eggs of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Texas

Dickerson, Catherine Zindler 15 May 2009 (has links)
Causative influences that impact the separation of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus populations in different geographic areas were determined, as well as how they are affected by the abiotic conditions as seen in the habitats they frequent in Texas. The eggs of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti collected from McAllen and Brownsville, Texas, and laboratory populations of these two species were subjected to 25 different temperature and relative humidity conditions for up to three months. In most treatments, Ae. aegypti eggs had a greater percent hatch than Ae. albopictus, regardless of temperature or relative humidity. With an increase in relative humidity, the percent hatch for both species increased, but at the higher temperatures of 32° and 35°C the amount of time the eggs were exposed to those temperatures had a greater negative effect on the percent hatch than did the positive effect of increase in relative humidity. The surface area, volume and surface-area-to-volume ratio of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus eggs with and without the chorionic egg pad, and the size of the chorionic egg pad were calculated for fifty eggs of each species of mosquito from populations collected in McAllen and Brownsville and from the laboratory populations. Ae. aegypti had a larger egg volume, and a larger surface area; but, it is likely their larger egg pad compensates for this high surface-area-to-volume ratio by holding moisture along the egg’s surface and that the egg pad is associated with the high desiccation resistance seen in Ae. aegypti eggs. Development rates for both species of mosquitoes from populations collected in Galveston and Brownsville, Texas, and laboratory populations were produced by measuring the development time from a hatched egg to the adult at seven temperatures. The temperature optima (28°-33°C) were similar for all populations; however, the rate of development for Ae. aegypti was significantly faster at the temperature optima. It is likely that this faster development rate in the Ae. aegypti population helps to maintain a population in climates that have this range of temperatures given that Ae. albopictus is a superior competitor in the larval and adult stages.
68

The effect of Plagiorchis elegans cercariae on the vertical distribution of Aedes aegypti larvae /

Gilchrist, Ian G. January 1994 (has links)
The effect of Plagiorchis elegans cercariae on the vertical distribution of second, third, and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti in the water column was studied in the laboratory. Under daytime conditions and in the absence of the parasite, larvae divided their time between the top and bottom of the water column. At night larvae spent the majority of their time at rest at the top of the column. In the presence of P. elegans cercariae larvae spent more time at rest at the surface under daytime conditions but increased their active time at the bottom under nighttime conditions. The presence of cercariae elicited escape and grooming responses and tended to reduce and fragment feeding activity.
69

Feeding preferences of Chaoborus americanus larvae (Diptera:Chaoboridae) and their potential effect on mosquito populations

Autran, Lyris. January 2000 (has links)
Chaoborus americanus larvae were used in laboratory experiments to assess their efficiency at decreasing mosquito larval populations. Third and fourth instar Chaoborus americanus larvae were independently fed assemblages of single prey species to test hunger and several prey species to test preference. Prey species included Daphnia and the four Aedes aegypti larval instars. The results show that Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose early instar mosquito larvae over Daphnia, however, this preference decreases as the mosquito larvae become older. Third instar Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose first instar mosquito larvae over Daphnia 76% of the time, whereas they will select third instar mosquito larvae only 30% of the time. Fourth instar Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose first instar mosquito larvae 94% of the time, and select fourth instar mosquito larvae only 3% of the time. Crowding also has an effect on feeding times; individual Chaoborus larvae take more time to ingest their prey items than do individuals within a group. Chaoborus americanus larvae are good biological control agents within a laboratory setting.
70

The effects of water depth on the development and behavior of fourth instar Aedes aegypti larvae

Audet, Alexandra M. (Alexandra Margaret) January 1996 (has links)
As water depth increased, fourth instar larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti required progressively more time to reach the pupal stage, more individuals died or were disabled and the resulting adults were significantly smaller. Water depth affected females more severely than males and the developmental time of larvae was affected more than adult mass. Time spent by fourth instar female larvae in the feeding zone during the first five hours predicted the time to subsequent pupation. Thereafter, mean feeding time was a determining factor of subsequent adult mass. With increasing water depth, both the prepupal resting period and mean time spent in the feeding zone per feeding bout increased, whereas behavior frequency (determined by an activity index) decreased.

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