Lorsqu’il s’agit, aujourd’hui tout comme hier, de se mesurer à l’art de vivre des stoïciens, dans cette mise à l’épreuve de cette philosophie et de ces dogmes autant que de nous-mêmes, il convient de nous assurer d’un style, lequel sera assumé comme une méthode ; et cela, afin de provoquer cette altérité étrange, ces consonances et ces tensions qui ne manquent pas de s’installer au cœur de l’événement et du vivre philosophiques. C’est alors que la forme de l’essai épousera le mieux notre propos puisqu’il s’inscrit dans cette tentative moderne (depuis Montaigne) d’une assurance et d’une défiance de soi vis-à-vis de soi et, à la fois, vis-à-vis des pratiques étonnantes d’une subjectivité antérieure et déviante nous obligeant à rendre compte de ce que nous sommes. Cette situation, de fait, paradoxale nous amène à constituer un continuum fictionnel, mais qui a sa part de vérité fonctionnelle, dans la circonscription de la thématique envisagée : le champ de la sociabilité passionnelle et somatique du stoïcisme sera valorisé, dans l’essai de représenter ce que, pour eux et pour nous, signifierait l’attitude stylistique de composer l’imagination au service de la raison ; le refuge, chez Marc-Aurèle, dans la « citadelle intérieure » -le principe hégémonique- conduit et régule l’écriture d’une méditation à l’autre en sorte qu’elle ne se perde dans la transcription des émois du cœur et dans le vague à l’âme des sentiments diffus et chimériques ; mais l’effet thérapeutique se dissipe, une fois la méditation achevée. Hadot et Foucault dans leurs lectures conjointes, mais surtout différenciées, nous permettent de raviver cet art de vivre en mettant l’accent sur toutes une série de pratiques, d’exercices spirituels, sur cette tension entre l’expressivité somatique et thérapeutique au regard de la sagesse ou au regard de processus et de formes de subjectivation et d’éprouver, ainsi, une actualité littéraire, via le dandysme, à laquelle la formule l’esthétique de l’existence semble nous convier. / If we have to compare, today as much as yesterday, our lifestyle with that of the Stoics, in testing this philosophy and these dogmas as much as ourselves, we should adopt a style, which will be assumed as a method; and that in order to cause this strange otherness, the consonances and these tensions do not fail to settle in the heart of the event and the philosophical way of living. Then the form of the essay will best match our purpose as it is part of this modern attempt (since Montaigne) of assurance and suspicion in relation to ourselves and, at the same time, in relation to the amazing practices of previous and deviant subjectivity, forcing us to realize what we are. This, in fact, paradoxical situation leads us to constitute a fictional continuum, but it has a piece of functional truth in the realm of the envisioned topic: the field of sociability of passions and the somatic sociability of stoicism is valued, in trying to represent what, for them and for us, the stylistic attitude would mean, composing the imagination in service of reason; the refuge, in Marcus Aurelius, in the “inner citadel” - the guiding principle - leads and regulates the writing from one meditation to the next so that the writing does not lose itself in the mere transcription of the feelings of the heart and the melancholic, diffuse and deceptive emotions; but the therapeutic effect wears off, once the meditation is completed. Hadot and Foucault in their joint lectures, but especially differentiated lectures, allow us to revive this art of living by focusing on a whole series of practices, spiritual exercises, and on this tension between the somatic and therapeutic expression in view of wisdom or processes and forms of subjectivation and experience, as well as, a contemporary literary phenomenon, via dandyism, to which the formula aesthetics of existence seems to invite us.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marta Souza Santos.pdf: 2198786 bytes, checksum: 011fdb3e001326a7f97b90ccaccd5a45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-16 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This work aimed to investigate the place and the role of the image in the writings of Michel Foucault, evaluating its use not only as a narrative tool but also as part of his methodology of which the painting would be a component. Besides that, it aimed at investigating a possible constitution of an aesthetic in his work. Initially this thesis contextualizes the inclusion of Michel Foucault in the tradition of historiography and criticism of the western arts. Then, after a brief overview of the position and function of image in work of Foucault (with a descriptive of his writings, favoring the presence of painting), follows the reading of two of his texts throught the perspective of his methodological carrrer: the dimension of knowing with reading de La peinture de Manet, text pronounced as a conference between the years 1967 e 1971, in which Foucault performs an analisys of thirteen Manet's paintings; and the dimension of genealogy with the reading of The photogenic painting in the year 1975, text in which Foucault evaluate several photogenic paints from the french artist Gérard Fromanger. The question of image is in combination with some basic concepts and key to the demonstration of its importance in the Michel Foucault's work, as the issues of device of political resistance and the aesthetic of existence. Moreover the reading's division in this research of the texts by Foucault, under the focus of his archegenealogy considere the three domains of work traversed by the philosopher along his carreer knowlodge, power and ethics in addition to valorize the general Foucault's project of a historical-philosophical investigation of relations between subject and truth positioned from the perspective of a present ontology. The present ontology, or historical ontology, considers the critical work which the philosophy should undertake nowadays gathering the archaelogy of knowlodge or the speeches which made the man as an object and subject of knowlodge, like the power of genealogy as production of knowlodges and the practices of power which interfere on the subject and the ethics actioned by him in his self-constitution. Considering this, the problem of modernity, frequently elaborated by Foucault in his historical investigations, it's also based on the understanding of the philosopher about what constitute the artistic creation and his participation in the games and political struggles / Este trabalho teve como propósito investigar o lugar e o papel da imagem nos escritos de Michel Foucault, avaliando seu uso não somente como recurso narrativo, mas também como elemento de sua metodologia da qual a pintura seria componente além de indagar sobre a possível constituição de uma estética em sua obra. Inicialmente esta dissertação contextualiza a inserção de Michel Foucault na tradição da historiografia e da crítica de arte ocidentais. Em seguida, após um breve panorama sobre a posição e função da imagem na obra de Michel Foucault (com uma descritiva de seus escritos, privilegiando a presença da pintura), segue com a leitura de dois de seus textos, através da perspectiva de sua trajetória metodológica; a dimensão do saber na arqueologia com a leitura de La peinture de Manet, texto pronunciado como conferência entre os anos de 1967 e 1971, no qual Foucault realiza uma análise de treze pinturas de Édouard Manet; e a dimensão da genealogia com a leitura de A pintura fotogênica, de 1975, texto no qual Foucault avalia diversas pinturas-fotografias do artista francês Gérard Fromanger. A questão da imagem é articulada com algumas noções fundamentais para a demonstração de sua importância na obra de Michel Foucault, tais como as questões do dispositivo, da resistência política e da estética da existência. Ademais, a divisão da leitura nesta pesquisa, dos textos de Michel Foucault sob o recorte de sua arquegenealogia, considera os três domínios (ou eixos) de trabalho percorridos pelo filósofo ao longo de sua obra o saber, o poder e a ética além de valorizar o projeto geral foucaultiano de uma investigação histórico-filosófica das relações entre sujeito e verdade, posicionada sob a perspectiva de uma ontologia do presente. A ontologia do presente, ou ontologia histórica, considera o trabalho crítico que a filosofia deve empreender na atualidade, reunindo tanto a arqueologia do saber ou dos discursos que constituíram o homem como objeto e sujeito do conhecimento, como a genealogia como produção de saberes e de práticas do poder que intervêm sobre o sujeito e da ética acionada por ele em sua auto-constituição. Assim, o problema da modernidade, recorrentemente elaborado por Foucault em suas investigações históricas, é também dimensionado a partir da compreensão do filósofo do que constitui a criação artística e sua participação nos jogos e lutas políticas