Ce travail de thèse prend sa source à partir d’une intervention réalisée auprès d’un collectif de chefs d’équipe des éboueurs de la Ville de Paris, et prend pour objet le rôle et la fonction des affects dans le développement de leur activité dialogique en autoconfrontation croisée. Nous cherchons à expliquer la manière dont les affects peuvent constituer une ressource pour le développement du dialogue au sein de ce collectif.Cet objet de recherche nous amène à proposer un modèle développemental de l’activité, dans lequel l’affect joue un rôle moteur. Ce modèle propose de concevoir l’activité comme une triade vivante (sujet/objet/autrui) traversée de deux conflits développementaux : le premier lié à la double direction simultanée de l’activité, toujours portée à la fois vers un objet et vers les autres qui agissent sur cet objet ; le second, affectif, qui fait de l’activité un rapport variable entre l’expérience « déjà-vécue » et l’expérience « vivante » éprouvée par le sujet dans le contexte dialogique de l’autoconfrontation.Nous définissons alors la notion « d’intensité affective » comme un rapport de motricité entre ces deux conflits de l’activité. Elle peut être dite « passive » lorsque l’affect se constitue comme un obstacle au développement de l’activité, et « active » lorsque l’affect se constitue comme ressource pour renouveler les instruments, les objets et les destinataires du dialogue.Nous concluons sur le rôle des affects et sur leur fonctionnement dans le développement de l’activité dialogique. Les perspectives ouvertes par ce travail concernent d’une part la conceptualisation de l’affect dans l’activité, mais également le potentiel transformateur des affects dont la méthode en autoconfrontation doit pouvoir tirer profit, dans toutes les situations où un professionnel est placé en position réflexive vis-à-vis de son activité pratique.Mots clés : Autoconfrontation, affect, dialogue, activité, réflexivité / Based on an intervention with a collective group of foremen of garbage collectors, the purpose of this thesis is to better understand role and function of affect in the development of dialogical activity in crossed confrontation method. We seek to explain how affect can be a resource in development of dialog inside this collective group.This purpose leads us to present a developmental model of activity, in which affect plays a central role. This model propose a triadic conception of activity (subject, object, others), crossed by two developmental conflicts: the first is related to the simultaneous dual direction of activity, always turned both to the object and to the others acting on the object; the second conflict directly concerns affect: it makes of activity a variable ratio between the “already lived” experience and the “living” experience that the subject experiences in the dialogical context of crossed confrontation.We define then the notion of “affective intensity” as a motor ratio between the two conflicts of activity. Intensity can be “passive” when affect is an obstacle to development of activity, and “active” when affect is a resource for renewing instruments, objects and addressees of dialog.We conclude about the role of affects and how they work in the development of dialogical activity. The perspectives opened by this work are on the one hand the conceptualization of affect in activity, and on the other hand the transformative potential of affects whose crossed confrontation method should benefit, in all situations where a professional is placed in a reflexive position towards his practical activity.Key words: Crossed confrontation method, affect, dialog, activity, reflexivity

<p>Neuroticism and partner relationship quality are associated with happines. A Swedish longitudinal project was utilized to examine whether these two aspects together determine happiness. Adolescent neuroticism was measured at age 15 witht he High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ). Measurements of neurotic manifestations were adminstered at ages 15-18. Adult neuroticism was measured at age 37 using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-I). Measures of partner relationship quality and happiness were also administered. An adolescent neurotic dimension and partner relationship quality were related to happiness. Overall, neuroticism appears to be a better predictor of happiness with both direct and indirect effects through the influence on partner relationship quality.</p> / <p>Neuroticism och partnerrelationens kvalitet är två aspekter relaterade till människans livsglädje. Data från ett svenskt longitudinalprojekt användes för att undersöka om dessa tillsammans verkar avgörande för livsglädjen. Ungdomsneuroticism mättes vid 15 års ålder genom High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ). Neurotiska manifestationer mättes också mellan 15 och 18 års ålder. Den vuxnes neuroticism mättes sedan vid 37 års ålder med Eysencks Personality Questionnaire (EQP-I). Partnerrelationens kvalitet och livsglädje användes som utfallsmått. En neurotisk dimension från adolescensen och partnerrelationens kvalitet i vuxen ålder var relaterad till livsglädjen. Totalt sett tycks ungdomsneuroticism vara en av de tydligaste förutsägelserna för livsglädjen; dels genom direkt påverkan och dels genom indirekt påverkan via partnerreltionens kvalitet.</p>

Neuroticism and partner relationship quality are associated with happines. A Swedish longitudinal project was utilized to examine whether these two aspects together determine happiness. Adolescent neuroticism was measured at age 15 witht he High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ). Measurements of neurotic manifestations were adminstered at ages 15-18. Adult neuroticism was measured at age 37 using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-I). Measures of partner relationship quality and happiness were also administered. An adolescent neurotic dimension and partner relationship quality were related to happiness. Overall, neuroticism appears to be a better predictor of happiness with both direct and indirect effects through the influence on partner relationship quality. / Neuroticism och partnerrelationens kvalitet är två aspekter relaterade till människans livsglädje. Data från ett svenskt longitudinalprojekt användes för att undersöka om dessa tillsammans verkar avgörande för livsglädjen. Ungdomsneuroticism mättes vid 15 års ålder genom High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ). Neurotiska manifestationer mättes också mellan 15 och 18 års ålder. Den vuxnes neuroticism mättes sedan vid 37 års ålder med Eysencks Personality Questionnaire (EQP-I). Partnerrelationens kvalitet och livsglädje användes som utfallsmått. En neurotisk dimension från adolescensen och partnerrelationens kvalitet i vuxen ålder var relaterad till livsglädjen. Totalt sett tycks ungdomsneuroticism vara en av de tydligaste förutsägelserna för livsglädjen; dels genom direkt påverkan och dels genom indirekt påverkan via partnerreltionens kvalitet.

The relationship between positive emotions and school satisfaction was studied in 19 adolescents aged 13,57 to 15,17 years (M=14,45, SD=0,446), of these 50% were female. The subjects were all Caucasian native Swedish speakers. Schools satisfaction, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect and gratitude was measured at the beginning of the study and again fourteen days later. During the fourteen days, the subjects were given a task to carry out each day. The control condition was asked to list up to five things that had affected them during the last day. The experimental condition was asked to list up to five things they were grateful for in the last day. The results did not show any relationship between positive affect and school satisfaction. It is suggested that the results might be caused by either too little time for the intervention to cause a significant effect, by the subjects failing to carry out the given task each day or by too few subjects to rule out random effects.

In this study 170 Swedish University students participated and evaluated themselves on Subjective well-being with affect balance measured both in frequency and in intensity, and on the five-factor personality factors. The results clearly indicate that intense positive emotions and intense negative emotions correlate positively, and that women experience emotions more intensely than men. Further, measuring affect balance in frequency leads to gender differences in happiness while intensity affect balance does not. Neuroticism (inverted) and extraversion are both strong predictors of happiness, but when using frequent affect-balance, neuroticism evidently stands out as the better of the two. Extraversion and to some extent neuroticism are intensifying people’s emotions. The findings suggest future research to distinguish between intense and frequent affects when calculating Subjective well-being.

The present study investigated the role of gender, sense of coherence and total physical activity in positive and negative affect. The participants were 376 (169 female, 206 male, and 1 missing value) volunteered students from different faculties of Middle East Technical University. Three questionnaires, namely, Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire (PAAQ), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were administered to the students together with the demographic information sheet. Two separate stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictive power of gender (coded as dummy variable), sense of coherence and total physical activity on positive and negative affect scores. Results revealed that, sense of coherence and total physical activity predicted the positive affect whereas sense of coherence predicted the negative affect of university students. Findings are discussed in the light of sense of coherence, physical activity and positive and negative affect literature.

<p>In this study 170 Swedish University students participated and evaluated themselves on Subjective well-being with affect balance measured both in frequency and in intensity, and on the five-factor personality factors. The results clearly indicate that intense positive emotions and intense negative emotions correlate positively, and that women experience emotions more intensely than men. Further, measuring affect balance in frequency leads to gender differences in happiness while intensity affect balance does not. Neuroticism (inverted) and extraversion are both strong predictors of happiness, but when using frequent affect-balance, neuroticism evidently stands out as the better of the two. Extraversion and to some extent neuroticism are intensifying people’s emotions. The findings suggest future research to distinguish between intense and frequent affects when calculating Subjective well-being.</p>

A partir d’une intervention auprès de médecins du travail, cette thèse explore les conditions de développement des sentiments au travail. Elle stabilise une conceptualisation de l’affectivité distinguant affect, émotion et sentiment qui pose des rapports entre l’affect lié aux conflits de l’activité (conflits liés à la conception de l’activité comme triade vivante sujet/objet/autrui et conflits liés aux rapports entre le déjà vécu et le vivant) et les sentiments et émotions qui en sont les instruments de réalisation. Le sentiment est défini comme l’instrument de réalisation de l’affect détaché de l’événement affectif et relié à l’activité de pensée. Une analyse multimodale de nos matériaux s’attache à repérer des indices de l’affect dans trois modalités étudiées (regard, voix, mot) et des indices de développement de la pensée (développement des significations des mots et des objets de discours). Nous concluons que l’intervention en clinique de l’activité par l’exposition de l’activité qu’elle autorise et la production de débats sur les critères du travail bien fait qu’elle organise peut provoquer des affects et contribuer au développement du sentiment du travail bien fait. / Based on an intervention with occupational health physicians, this thesis explores the developmental conditions of sentiments at work. The thesis seek to stabilize a conceptualisation of affectivity distinguishing affect, emotion and sentiment, and lays the relationships between affect, which is related to conflicts of activity (conflicts related to activity as a living triad subject/object/others and conflicts related to relationships between the « already lived » and the « living »), and sentiments and emotions, which constitute its instruments of realization. Sentiment is defined as instrument of affect realization, detached of affective event, and related to thinking activity.Multimodal analysis of research materials allows the identification of affect indices, based on three studied modalities (gaze, voice, word), and development of thinking indices (development of signification of word, and discourse objects).We conclude that intervention in clinic of activity, by exposing activity and producing disputations on quality of work criteria, can cause affects and contributes to develop the sentiment of « well-done-work ».

Abstract An Examination of Linkages Between Personality, Leader-Member Exchange, and the Psychological Contract By Mark George Kunze 2005 Committee Chair: Dr. Edward Miles Major Department: Management While previous research has focused mainly on relationships between various personality variables and either leader-member exchange or psychological contract violation, none has yet to examine how these constructs are linked. A model of these proposed relationships is developed based on theory drawn from literature in the areas of social psychology, leader-member exchange, and psychological contracts. The present research used structural equation modeling to examine the strength of the relationship between the personality variables of negative affect, positive affect, self-monitoring, and trait cynicism with respect to leader-member exchange and perceptions of psychological contract violation. Positive affect and negative affect were found to significantly relate to both LMX and the perception of psychological contract violation. Trait cynicism was not significantly related to LMX and only weakly related to perceptions of psychological contract violation. It was hypothesized that LMX would partially mediate the relationships between the individual personality factors and perceptions of psychological contract violation; however, the data did not support this hypothesis. While self-monitoring was hypothesized to moderate the relationship of positive affect, negative affect, and trait cynicism with LMX, the moderating effect was found to be significant only for the negative affect/LMX relationship.

[Truncated abstract] The anxiety-assimilation hypothesis (Wilder, 1993) and the capacity constraint plus control motivation model (Fiske & Morling, 1996) predict that anxiety causes people to form more stereotypic impressions of others. Affect-as-information (Schwarz & Clore, 1983) and affect-priming (Bower, 1991) theories predict that anxiety causes people to form affect-congruent (i.e., more threatening) impressions of others. A novel research paradigm was used in Experiment 1 to separate the predictions of these two classes of theories, recognizing that their predictions were not mutually exclusive. Experiment 1 found that anxious persons formed more threatening, but not more stereotypic, impressions of a target person. This result replicated in Experiment 2, with a different population and a different anxiety manipulation. In addition, Experiment 2 found that the anxiety-congruent bias in impression formation was limited to participants? ratings of traits that corresponded to the information presented about the target. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 were taken as support for an affect-priming rather than affect-as-information account of the effect of anxiety on impression formation. Experiments 3 and 4 investigated anxiety effects on encoding and recall that underlie affect-priming explanation of affect-congruent impression judgment biases. Experiment 3 found that anxious participants spent more time encoding non-stereotypic information and recalled less stereotypic information than non-anxious participants. In Experiment 4 anxious participants again recalled less stereotypic information. This study also found that anxious participants? recall and impression judgments were affect-congruent. ... As predicted by the modified affect-as-information theory, the affect-attribution manipulation left participants? anxiety levels unaltered but it did attenuate the anxiety-congruent impression bias. In addition, anxious participants in this study recalled less stereotypic than non-stereotypic information. The findings of this thesis raised several new questions and theoretical challenges. The new experimental paradigms that were used to examine the questions in this thesis will also allow the examination of the interplay of stereotypes and valence in judgments in future research for persons in affective states other than anxiety. Such research would allow for the continued revision and development of theories of affect and social cognition.