Submitted by Silas Dias Romanha (silas.romanha@outlook.com) on 2016-11-24T13:52:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silas_Romanha_Final_PósDefesa.pdf: 2308555 bytes, checksum: f4345354ab7a259801798a5686fc5c86 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-29T11:59:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 romanha_sd_me_guara.pdf: 2308555 bytes, checksum: f4345354ab7a259801798a5686fc5c86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-29T11:59:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 romanha_sd_me_guara.pdf: 2308555 bytes, checksum: f4345354ab7a259801798a5686fc5c86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-30 / Este trabalho aborda os aspectos relacionados à implantação de Fábrica de Software (FS) em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) no Brasil e busca identificar fatores que influenciam tais instituições na decisão de adotar o referido modelo, assim como os fatores de risco e dificuldades normalmente encontradas durante o processo. A análise realizada neste estudo permite que IES possam se atentar a aspectos que facilitem a implementação de uma Fábrica de Software em seu ambiente acadêmico. O trabalho utiliza como método a pesquisa de campo, a pesquisa documental e apresenta uma análise dos resultados com as instituições pesquisadas. A partir dos resultados observados nestas IES, é apresentada uma proposta de implementação e gerenciamento de Fábrica de Software Acadêmica (FSA), aprovada e implementada na Associação Educacional Dom Bosco (AEDB), incluindo seus resultados parciais. / This paper addresses the issues related to Software Factory deployment (FS) in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Brazil and aims to identify factors that influence such institutions in the decision to adopt that model, as well as the risk factors and difficulties usually during the process. The analysis in this study allows IES can pay attention to aspects that facilitate the implementation of a Software Factory in their academic environment. The work uses as a method of field research, desk research and analyzes the results of the surveyed institutions. The results observed in these HEIs, the study presents a proposal for deployment and management Academic Software Factory (FSA), approved and implemented in Associação Educacional Dom Bosco (AEDB), including its partial results.

Mänskliga faktorer som till exempel kommunikation och tillit påverkar hur människor interagerar med varandra. I agil systemutveckling ingår relationer, samspel och samarbete mellan människor och dessa påverkar om systemutvecklingsprojektet anses framgångsrikt eller ej. Men ofta i systemutvecklingsprojekt så läggs det mer tid på själva tekniken än de sociala aspekterna, där de mänskliga faktorerna i många fall är en avgörande faktor för projektets slutresultat. Syftet med det nuvarande arbetet är att beskriva vilka mänskliga faktorer som är viktiga för att effektivisera samarbete i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt, samt att beskriva hur agil systemutveckling på Trafikverket utförs. Trafikverket ville ha studien genomförd för att resultatet av studien skulle hjälpa till att minska antalet mindre framgångsrika systemutvecklingsprojekt på Trafikverket. Huvudfrågan i arbetet är: Vilka mänskliga faktorer är viktiga för att effektivisera samarbetet mellan verksamhetskunniga och utvecklare i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt? En fallstudie utfördes vid Trafikverket genom sju semistrukturerade intervjuer som följdes upp av enkäter och dokumentstudier. Det sammanlagda resultatet tyder på att för att effektivisera samarbetet mellan verksamhetskunniga och utvecklare i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt på Trafikverket krävs fokus på följande fem mänskliga faktorer: kommunikation, tillit, ledarskap, kunskap och motivation. / Human factors influence how people interact and communicate with each other. Agile system development work consists of relationships, interaction and cooperation between people. These aspects impact the system development project´s results. However, often in system development there is more focus on the technology itself than on the social aspects, where human factors appear to be a decisive factor, in many cases for the project's end result. The purpose of this study is to describe what human factors that can lead to more efficient cooperation in agile software development projects, and to describe how agile system development looks like at Trafikverket. Trafikverket wished this study to be implemented as the study’s results may help to reduce the number of less successful systems development projects at Trafikverket. The main research question in this work is: What human factors are important to make cooperation between customers and developers of agile software development projects more efficient? A case study was conducted at Trafikverket. Data collected from seven semi-structured interviews followed up by questionnaires and document studies was used for the analysis. Conclusion’s suggests that in order to make cooperation between customers and developers in agile system development projects at Trafikverket more efficient five human factors as communication, trust , leadership, knowledge and motivation should be focused.

Context: There has been a substantial growth of organizations adoptingAgile software development methodologies for various reasons. The requirementof improving the software processes with respect to traditional softwaredevelopment was clear and evident for different reasons. But the need forSoftware Process Improvements (SPI) in Agile context is unclear and thechallenges faced during the implementation of SPI in Agile software developmentare quite ambiguous. These two issues lie as a motivation for theobjectives of our study. Agile being a flexible way of software development,having a non-flexible framework is almost incompatible for implementingSPI in Agile software development. This acts as an inducement for buildingup our final objective. Objectives: The objectives of this research is to identify the need of Agile-SPI in software industry, challenges faced in implementing Agile-SPI atorganizational level and at team level and finally propose an approach forimplementing Agile-SPI based on improving practices. Methods: In order to achieve the objectives of our research, we initiallycarried out a survey, later cross verified and validated the data obtained inthe surveys through interviews. Literature review was performed to gainknowledge over the background and related work. Results: A total of 34 responses were obtained through survey. Theseresponses obtained through survey are further cross verified and validatedthrough 9 interviews. The data obtained through survey has been analyzedthrough descriptive statistics and the data obtained through interviews wasanalyzed using thematic coding. Conclusions: The need of Agile-SPI and the challenges faced by the organizationsand teams while implementing SPI in Agile software developmentwere identified. A total of 16 needs of Agile-SPI, 30 challenges faced byorganization and 37 challenges faced by team were drawn from survey andinterviews conducted. Finally, a conceptual framework has been proposedto implement SPI in Agile environment based on improving practices.

Orientadores: Marcos Augusto Francisco Borges, Regina Lúcia de Oliveira Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T22:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cantanhede_MarcoAndreDias_M.pdf: 5891395 bytes, checksum: 151886bf1ce7211aa3c33cae7ca6698a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A área de tecnologia da informação (TI) atravessou, e continua atravessando, os mesmos desafios de qualquer outra área da indústria. Desafios como: obter bons níveis de produtividades; entender e se aproximar do cliente; reduzir custos; e produzir inovação. Para gerenciar esses desafios a área de TI tem buscado novos mecanismos, por vezes criando práticas e métodos próprios, ou os trazendo de outras áreas de conhecimento. O Lean trouxe para a indústria, primeiramente a automobilística, e depois para várias outras, um novo padrão de produção e qualidade. O Lean questionou os padrões da produção em massa e trouxe novas formas para combater o desperdício, aumentar a qualidade e obter lucratividade no longo prazo. O termo Lean IT é usado para denotar o uso do Lean no combate dos desafios da indústria de TI, e o Lean Software Development é termo usado para uso do lean na área de desenvolvimento de software. O trabalho estuda e aplicada uma ferramenta de avaliação do nível de lean para a área de software, criando um procedimento para aplicação da ferramenta no Brasil. A ferramenta e o procedimento criado foram aplicados em três empresas de Desenvolvimento de Software com diferentes perfis. Os resultados demonstraram a aplicabilidade da ferramenta de avaliação do nível de lean nas empresas selecionadas, foram apontados ajustes e apresentados a necessidade de novos estudos. Também foram revistos os autores do Lean Thinking e do Lean Software Development / Abstract: The technology information (IT) industry has been facing challenges common to any other industry type. Challenges as: achieve good productive level; understand the client need; pressure for cost reductions; and innovation. IT has been searching for solution to address these challenges, sometimes creating own methods and practices, and sometimes, bringing them from other type of industries. The Lean has showed clear benefits and introduced a new standard to the automobile industry and manufacture type of business. Mass production standards were challenged by Lean creating new ways of dealing with quality and productivity. Lean has been positioned as an important alternative to deal with waste, to increate quality and expand long term profitability. The term Lean IT is used on application of Lean to address IT industry challenges, and Lean Software Development the application of lean at software development industry. The research reviews a leanness assessment tool adapted for software industry, developing an adaptation for the application at Brazil software industry. A procedure of application was created and the tool was applied at three different Software companies (enterprises). The results showed that the tool to evaluate leanness at software is applicable at the selected companies, adjustments were need and further studies are required. Lean thinking and Lean Software Development authors were also reviewed by this research work / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

Context. Agile Software Development has provided a new concept of Software Development based in adaptation to changes, quick decisions, low high-level design and frequent deliveries. However, this approach ignores the value that Software Architecture provides in the long term for increasing the speed in delivery working software, which may have catastrophic consequences in the long term. Objectives. In this study, the combination of these two philosophies of Software Development is investigated. Firstly, the concept of Software Architecture in Agile Projects; then, the major challenges faced concerning Software Architecture in Agile Projects, the practices and approaches that can be used to overcome these challenges and the effects that these practices may cause on the project. Methods. The research methodologies used in this study are Systematic Literature Review for gathering the highest amount possible of contributions available in the Literature at this respect, and also the conduction of Semi-Structured Interviews with Agile Practitioners, in order to obtain empirical knowledge on the problem and support or deny the SLR findings. Results. The results of the Thesis are a unified description of the concept of Software Architecture in Agile Projects, and a collection of challenges found in agile projects, practices that overcome them and a relation of effects observed. Considering the most frequent practices/approaches followed and the empirical support, it is enabled a discussion on how to combine Software Architecture and Agile Projects. Conclusions. The main conclusion is that there is not a definite solution to this question; this is due to the relevance of the context (team, project, customer, etc.) that recommends the evaluation of each situation before deciding the best way to proceed. However, there are common trends on the best-recommended practices to integrate these two concepts. Finally, it is required more empirical work on the issue, the conduction of controlled experiments that allows to quantify the success or failure of the practices implemented would be most helpful in order to create a body of knowledge that enables the application of certain practices under certain conditions.

Context: Despite continuously increasing importance of Agile and Lean in software development, the number of studies that investigate on use of metrics relevant to Agile or Lean are limited and yet few studies implements was unclear. Unclear is which are the prominent metrics that are useful in industries, and their purpose of usage. Objectives: Main goal of this study is to find the metrics useful in Agile and Lean practicing industries; that are evaluated in industries by systematically identifying all the metrics from empirical evidence found in Literature as well as verifying which of them are prominently being used in industries. In addition, the purpose of using these metrics in industries are reported, and causes for dissatisfaction on use of some of the identified metrics among surveyed companies are investigated and reported. Methods: Two research methodologies are used; Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and Industrial Survey. SLR is performed using snowballing as search approach to select primary studies. SLR is used to identify all the metrics that are useful for Agile and Lean software development. Rigor and relevance analysis is performed to assess the quality of the resulted primary studies. Industrial survey was conducted in order to verify and extend the empirical evidence exists in Literature regarding metrics by finding which of them are more prominently being used. Moreover causes for dissatisfaction over outcome of metrics use for process improvements were observed by performing comparative analysis between unsatisfied respondents results and satisfied respondents results. Results: In total 20 metrics were identified from the studies having high rigor and high relevance. Moreover 11 out of these 20 metrics were identified to be prominently being used in industries using survey and other 9 metrics are found useful for Agile or Lean methods but need more awareness. Evidence from both SLR and survey shows that most of these identified or potential metrics are used for time associated purposes which are predictability, tracking, forecasting or planning, and very little evidence found for metrics that are being used directly for quality purpose. It was observed that some of the surveyed respondents who answered not satisfied with the metrics being used are not aware of the potential benefits these metrics can offer in Agile or Lean settings. Conclusion: Evidence from both SLR and survey shows that the identified 20 metrics are very important and useful for Agile or Lean methods. 11 out of these 20 metrics are prominently being used by industries and evidence shows for other 9 metrics are also useful for Agile but needs more awareness for industries to realize their potential benefits in large scale. Also, more evidence is found for metrics that are used for time related purposes which are being dominant and important in industries than quality focused metrics. Therefore, it is important for industries not only to know which metrics are appropriate for Agile or Lean but also to have a deep understating of metrics behaviors. This will help to realize the level predictability these metric’s offer in order to make right assumptions or planning. / Mobile no: (+46)-723110118

Context: Distributed software development has become a most desired way of software development. Application of agile development methodologies in distributed environments has taken a new trend in developing software due to its benefits of improved communication and collaboration. Teamwork is an important concept that agile methodologies facilitate and is one of the potential determinants of team performance which was not focused in distributed agile software development. Objectives: This research shed a light on the topic of teamwork in the context of distributed agile software development. The objectives are to identify the factors contributing teamwork of distributed agile teams along with the dependencies between the factors. And, as it is not without challenges to work with unity in a heterogeneous environment, identification of challenges related to teamwork factors of distributed agile teams along with the mitigation strategies is an another objective. Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was employed to identify the teamwork factors along with their dependencies and corresponding challenges and mitigation strategies of each teamwork factor from state-of-the-art literature. Quasi-gold standard method was employed as search strategy in SLR to find out the primary studies representing the objective under investigation. Further a survey was conducted with industrial practitioners working in distributed agile projects to validate the findings from state-of-the-art literature. Results: A total of 13 teamwork factors (i.e. team orientation, shared leadership, mutual performance monitoring, backup behavior, feedback, team autonomy, team learning, coordination, communication, trust, collective culture, ease of use of technology, team familiarity), a set of nine dependencies between the teamwork factors and 45 challenges and 41 mitigation strategies related to the teamwork factors were identified from state-of-the-art literature. From survey result, communication, coordination, trust and team orientation were identified as four most important teamwork factors for distributed agile teams. Out of nine dependencies, seven were supported and two were not supported by the practitioners of distributed agile projects. Additionally, nine challenges and 12 mitigation strategies were identified through survey. Conclusions: From this study, we conclude that communication is the top most important factor for successful teamwork of distributed agile teams. And, unlike its prime importance in distributed software development for getting teams work together, trust was identified with a third priority for successful teamwork of distributed agile teams. Similar to the findings of the agile teams, team autonomy was identified with least importance towards the successful teamwork of distributed agile teams. Results of dependencies show that there is need for future research to explore all the dependencies between the teamwork factors. Furthermore, there are teamwork factors with no challenges and mitigation strategies being identified in state-of-the-art literature but later, through survey it was found that practitioners are facing the challenges for that particular teamwork factor. Though, this study identified those missed challenges, due to the limited number of participants involved in the survey, we cannot conclude that these were the only challenges faced in relation to the teamwork. Hence, there is a need to have a dedicated investigation in exploring all the challenges and mitigation strategies, such that it would help the distributed agile teams in attaining the fruitful interactions between them. / H.no. 5-5-289, Prashanth Nagar, Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad-500070, Andhra Pradesh. India

Mänskliga faktorer som till exempel kommunikation och tillit påverkar hur människor interagerar med varandra. I agil systemutveckling ingår relationer, samspel och samarbete mellan människor och dessa påverkar om systemutvecklingsprojektet anses framgångsrikt eller ej. Men ofta i systemutvecklingsprojekt så läggs det mer tid på själva tekniken än de sociala aspekterna, där de mänskliga faktorerna i många fall är en avgörande faktor för projektets slutresultat. Syftet med det nuvarande arbetet är att beskriva vilka mänskliga faktorer som är viktiga för att effektivisera samarbete i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt, samt att beskriva hur agil systemutveckling på Trafikverket utförs. Trafikverket ville ha studien genomförd för att resultatet av studien skulle hjälpa till att minska antalet mindre framgångsrika systemutvecklingsprojekt på Trafikverket. Huvudfrågan i arbetet är: Vilka mänskliga faktorer är viktiga för att effektivisera samarbetet mellan verksamhetskunniga och utvecklare i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt? En fallstudie utfördes vid Trafikverket genom sju semistrukturerade intervjuer som följdes upp av enkäter och dokumentstudier. Det sammanlagda resultatet tyder på att för att effektivisera samarbetet mellan verksamhetskunniga och utvecklare i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt på Trafikverket krävs fokus på följande fem mänskliga faktorer: kommunikation, tillit, ledarskap, kunskap och motivation. / Human factors influence how people interact and communicate with each other. Agile system development work consists of relationships, interaction and cooperation between people. These aspects impact the system development project´s results. However, often in system development there is more focus on the technology itself than on the social aspects, where human factors appear to be a decisive factor, in many cases for the project's end result. The purpose of this study is to describe what human factors that can lead to more efficient cooperation in agile software development projects, and to describe how agile system development looks like at Trafikverket. Trafikverket wished this study to be implemented as the study’s results may help to reduce the number of less successful systems development projects at Trafikverket. The main research question in this work is: What human factors are important to make cooperation between customers and developers of agile software development projects more efficient? A case study was conducted at Trafikverket. Data collected from seven semi-structured interviews followed up by questionnaires and document studies was used for the analysis. Conclusion’s suggests that in order to make cooperation between customers and developers in agile system development projects at Trafikverket more efficient five human factors as communication, trust , leadership, knowledge and motivation should be focused.

Mänskliga faktorer som till exempel kommunikation och tillit påverkar hur människor interagerar med varandra. I agil systemutveckling ingår relationer, samspel och samarbete mellan människor och dessa påverkar om systemutvecklingsprojektet anses framgångsrikt eller ej. Men ofta i systemutvecklingsprojekt så läggs det mer tid på själva tekniken än de sociala aspekterna, där de mänskliga faktorerna i många fall är en avgörande faktor för projektets slutresultat. Syftet med det nuvarande arbetet är att beskriva vilka mänskliga faktorer som är viktiga för att effektivisera samarbete i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt, samt att beskriva hur agil systemutveckling på Trafikverket utförs. Trafikverket ville ha studien genomförd för att resultatet av studien skulle hjälpa till att minska antalet mindre framgångsrika systemutvecklingsprojekt på Trafikverket. Huvudfrågan i arbetet är: Vilka mänskliga faktorer är viktiga för att effektivisera samarbetet mellan verksamhetskunniga och utvecklare i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt? En fallstudie utfördes vid Trafikverket genom sju semistrukturerade intervjuer som följdes upp av enkäter och dokumentstudier. Det sammanlagda resultatet tyder på att för att effektivisera samarbetet mellan verksamhetskunniga och utvecklare i agila systemutvecklingsprojekt på Trafikverket krävs fokus på följande fem mänskliga faktorer: kommunikation, tillit, ledarskap, kunskap och motivation. / Human factors influence how people interact and communicate with each other. Agile system development work consists of relationships, interaction and cooperation between people. These aspects impact the system development project´s results. However, often in system development there is more focus on the technology itself than on the social aspects, where human factors appear to be a decisive factor, in many cases for the project's end result. The purpose of this study is to describe what human factors that can lead to more efficient cooperation in agile software development projects, and to describe how agile system development looks like at Trafikverket. Trafikverket wished this study to be implemented as the study’s results may help to reduce the number of less successful systems development projects at Trafikverket. The main research question in this work is: What human factors are important to make cooperation between customers and developers of agile software development projects more efficient? A case study was conducted at Trafikverket. Data collected from seven semi-structured interviews followed up by questionnaires and document studies was used for the analysis. Conclusion’s suggests that in order to make cooperation between customers and developers in agile system development projects at Trafikverket more efficient five human factors as communication, trust , leadership, knowledge and motivation should be focused.

Syfte - Att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur kulturskillnader påverkar arbetet med scrum, med specifikt fokus på psykologisk säkerhet. Metod – En kvalitativ fallstudie med induktiv ansats har gjorts där semistrukturerade intervjuer tillsammans med observationer har använts för att samla in data. Tillsammans med litteratur har sedan en innehållsanalys gjorts.  Resultat – Studien har identifierat tre dimensioner som är viktiga att beakta vid arbetet med scrum. Dessa dimensioner är Inställningen till människan, Hanteringen av människan och Beteenden av människan, och belyser hur kulturskillnader skapar olika förutsättningar för psykologisk säkerhet i scrum-team. Vidare kan dessa insikter leda till ett förbättrat arbete med scrum och i förlängningen skapa mer innovativa och konkurrenskraftiga scrum-team och organisationer.  Teoretiska implikationer – Studien bidrar till litteraturen om psykologisk säkerhet med en empirisk förankrad teori som visar hur kulturskillnader skapar olika konsekvenser för psykologisk säkerhet. Mer specifikt visar den hur dessa kulturskillnader hänger samman och påverkar varandra. Ett andra bidrag som den här studien gör är att skapa djupare förståelse för hur implementering av scrum och agil övergång med fördel bör ske i en ny kultur, som karaktäriseras av hög maktdistans, osäkerhetsundvikande och kollektivism. Praktiska implikationer – Studiens resultat visar att de identifierade kulturskillnaderna hänger ihop vilket innebär att samtliga behöver adresseras för att skapa ett psykologiskt säkert scrum-team i en ny kultur. Psykologisk säkerhet är en förutsättning för självorganiserade team, så som scrum-team, och därmed är studiens resultat av intresse för gruppchefer på samtliga företag som arbetar med scrum, både i olika nationella kontexter och med multinationella team samt i globala virtuella team. / Purpose – To create a deeper knowledge for how cultural differences influences the work with scrum, with specific focus on psychological safety. Method – A qualitative case study with an inductive approach have been carried out where semi-structured interviews together with observations have been used to collect data. Together with literature a content analysis was then preformed. Result – The study has identified three dimensions that are important to consider when working with scrum. These dimensions are Attitude to the human, Managing the human and Behaviors of the human, and these show how cultural differences creates different basis for psychological safety in scrum teams. Moreover, these insights can lead to improved work with scrum and in turn create more innovative and competitive scrum teams and organizations. Theoretical implications – The study contributes to the literature about psychological safety with empirical theory that shows how cultural differences creates different consequences for psychological safety. More specifically, it shows how these differences in culture are related to one another and affects each other. Another contribution of this study is that the result creates a deeper understanding of how the implementation of scrum and agile transitioning best can be done in a new culture, specifically that is characterized by high power distance, uncertainty avoidance and collectivism. Practical implications – The study shows that the identified differences in culture are related to each other, which means that all needs to be addressed to create a psychological safe scrum team in a new culture. Psychological safety is a prerequisite for self-organized teams, such as scrum teams, and thus the result is of interest for group managers in all companies and organizations working with scrum, both in different cultural contexts and with multinational teams as well as in global virtual teams.