Inaug.-Diss.--Kiel. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:01:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 4 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Com este trabalho, procuramos demonstrar que a grande política é uma das tentativas de Nietzsche para superar o niilismo. Entretanto, além de não consegui-lo, sua proposta confronta-se com a democracia liberal da segunda metade do século XIX (o que contém certa dose de razão na medida em que detecta os traços niilistas passivos contidos nesse sistema político) e com a democracia de nossos dias, negando ao sujeito uma participação efetiva na política e seus rumos na sociedade, porquanto se assenta numa estrutura hierárquica de senhores e escravos, mesmo que com conotações espirituais, e não físicas, muitas vezes expressas de modo dúbio. Uma das conseqüências imediatas dessa proposição é o enraizamento da apatia política, traço inequívoco do niilismo passivo nas sociedades pós-modernas. Inspirada nos moldes gregos arcaicos e no radicalismo aristocrático, a sociedade aristocrática vislumbrada por Nietzsche seria conduzida pelo além-do-homem, ao longo da obra metaforizado como novo filósofo, filósofo legislador e / With this work we aim to demonstrate that great politics is one of the Nietzsche’s attempts to overcome nihilism. However, apart from didn’t make it, his proposal hatchs with liberal democracy of the second half XIX century (which have a certain reason element, because detect the passive nihilist traces contained in that political system) and with democracy of our time, denying to the individual one efective participation on politics and in society tacks, because it is based on a hierarchy structure of masters and slaves, even if with spiritual meaning, and not physical, many times expressed in a dubious way. One of the immediates consequences of that proposition its the rooting of political apathy, a unmisunderstantig trace of passive nihilism on postmodern societies. Inspired on greek arcaic casts, on the aristocratic radicalism, the aristocratic society glimpsed by Nietzsche has to be conducted by the beyond-man, along the nietzschian work metaphorized as new philosopher, legislator philosopher and aristoc

<p>There is an old saying, that after Epaminondas nothing was ever the same again. In this thesis I will focus on three questions: "Epaminondas the man." Who was he? "Epaminondas the general." How did he change the technique of warfare that made it possible to beat the Spartans? "Epaminondas, founder of cities and wall-builder." How did he build the walls around the cities he initiated, that made them resist enemy attacks for many years to come?</p><p>While seeking the answers to yhese questions I will make a contextual analysis to get the historical background to all the phenomina involved.</p>

There is an old saying, that after Epaminondas nothing was ever the same again. In this thesis I will focus on three questions: "Epaminondas the man." Who was he? "Epaminondas the general." How did he change the technique of warfare that made it possible to beat the Spartans? "Epaminondas, founder of cities and wall-builder." How did he build the walls around the cities he initiated, that made them resist enemy attacks for many years to come? While seeking the answers to yhese questions I will make a contextual analysis to get the historical background to all the phenomina involved.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-04T21:47:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscilaFernandesSilva_TESE.pdf: 844317 bytes, checksum: 8e1f7e6a1d88f6388fc456ac203a44ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-07T18:42:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscilaFernandesSilva_TESE.pdf: 844317 bytes, checksum: 8e1f7e6a1d88f6388fc456ac203a44ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-07T18:42:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PriscilaFernandesSilva_TESE.pdf: 844317 bytes, checksum: 8e1f7e6a1d88f6388fc456ac203a44ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Macrobrachium rosenbergii ? uma esp?cie de camar?o de ?gua-doce que apresenta crescimento heterog?neo regulado por fatores sociais. ? sabido que as condi??es de viveiro podem intensificar o agonismo, causando danos aos animais, diminui??o na sobreviv?ncia, al?m de gerar uma redu??o no seu bem-estar. Nosso objetivo foi investigar o comportamento de M. rosenbergii na fase de juvenil em fun??o de diferentes tipos de abrigo e de frequ?ncia de oferta do alimento. Para isso, juvenis foram observados em laborat?rio em tr?s etapas. Na etapa I, caracterizamos o perfil comportamental. Camar?es foram mantidos em oito aqu?rios (27 camar?es/m?), marcados e observados em quatro hor?rios ao longo do dia para registro do comportamento nas duas fases do ciclo de luz. Na etapa II (2 experimentos), avaliamos a utiliza??o de abrigos (tijolos ou rolo em tela de polietileno) pelos animais e sua influ?ncia no agonismo. Para classifica??o dos animais no ranque de domin?ncia o m?todo utilizado foi o David?s Score. Na etapa III (3 experimentos), avaliamos a varia??o na frequ?ncia de oferta do alimento sobre o comportamento, em particular o agonismo. Os resultados da etapa I mostraram que juvenis n?o apresentam um perfil atividade/inatividade entre as fases do ciclo de luz, ou seja, os animais alternam momentos de atividade nas duas fases do ciclo. Identificamos uma hierarquia social com rela??es de domin?ncia, na qual dominantes apresentaram vantagem no acesso ao alimento e maior ganho de peso. Mesmo assim a frequ?ncia de ingest?o do alimento n?o diferiu entre dominantes e subordinados. Na etapa II, o tipo de abrigo influenciou o comportamento. O abrigo de tijolo gerou uma maior frequ?ncia de perman?ncia bem como uma redu??o na frequ?ncia de intera??es agon?sticas. Na etapa III, a distribui??o do alimento de forma mais frequente ao longo do dia, diminuiu a motiva??o dos animais para a alimenta??o, bem como para o confronto. Desta forma, conclu?mos que a 2 utiliza??o de abrigos que diminuam a detec??o dos indiv?duos pelos coespec?ficos, bem como o aumento na frequ?ncia de alimenta??o reduzem o agonismo. Tal resultado acarreta numa melhora da qualidade de vida dos camar?es e na sua qualidade como produto final. / Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a freshwater prawn which presents agonistic behavior and heterogeneous growth. It is known that captive conditions can intensify agonism causing injuries and decreased survival, generating a condition of poor welfare. Based on this, we aim to investigate the behavior of M. rosenbergii in the juvenile phase according to different types of shelter and frequencies of feed offer, emphasizing their agonistic behavior. For this, juveniles were observed in the laboratory in three steps. At step I we characterized the behavioral profile; prawns were kept in eight aquariums (27 prawns/m2 ), identified and observed four times along both phases of 24 h light cycle. At step II (2 experiments), we evaluated the use of shelters (brick or polyethylene rolls) and their influence on agonism by the animals. For classification of animals in dominance rank, the method used was David's Score. At step III (3 experiments), we evaluated different frequencies of feed offer on the behavior of individuals, in particular agonism. Results showed that juveniles do not present a pattern activity/inactivity between the phases of the light cycle. We identified a dominance hierarchy among individuals taking advantage of access to food by the dominant, which showed greater weight gain although the frequency of intake did not differ between individuals. The type of shelter influenced the behavior of animals. Brick shelter generated a higher frequency of permanence and a reduction in the frequency of agonistic interactions. The distribution of food more frequently throughout the day, decreased the motivation of animals for food, as well as to fight. Prawns fed four times showed lower frequency of feed intake and agonistic interactions. Thus, we conclude the shelters which reduce animal?s detection by coespecifics and offer the food four times along the day reduce agonistic behavior. This result causes na improvement in life quality of the prawns and also in its quality as final product.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-08T21:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PolianaGabrieleAlvesDeSouzaLins_DISSERT.pdf: 3620813 bytes, checksum: 1d0d398b2d312153ac98a53f411531fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-13T21:41:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PolianaGabrieleAlvesDeSouzaLins_DISSERT.pdf: 3620813 bytes, checksum: 1d0d398b2d312153ac98a53f411531fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T21:41:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PolianaGabrieleAlvesDeSouzaLins_DISSERT.pdf: 3620813 bytes, checksum: 1d0d398b2d312153ac98a53f411531fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A alimenta??o ? press?o seletiva b?sica de todas as formas de animais. Modelos em ecologia nutricional de primatas prev?em as consequ?ncias do consumo de alimentos preferidos e n?o preferidos no comportamento, fisiologia e morfologia dos animais. Ao mesmo tempo, modelos s?cio-ecol?gicos inferem o padr?o de organiza??o social a partir do tipo de competi??o alimentar enfrentada pelos animais. A defini??o de alimentos preferidos, e infer?ncias sobre a intensidade de competi??o e suas consequ?ncias comportamentais s?o informa??es valiosas para manejo de animais em fragmentos. Neste trabalho observamos o comportamento alimentar e posicionamento espacial de um grupo de mais de 100 macacos-prego galego (Sapajus flavius) que habitam um fragmento de Mata Atl?ntica, cercado por planta??es de cana-de-a??car. N?s comparamos o consumo de diferentes itens alimentares com sua disponibilidade mensal na regi?o para definirmos os alimentos preferidos e reserva, e contabilizamos as vocaliza??es de agress?o e a distancia inter-individual (?rea de m?nimo pol?gono convexo/n indiv?duos) para inferir a intensidade de competi??o alimentar vivenciada pelos animais. No ano estudado o tempo consumindo frutas correlacionou com a produtividade das frutas, indicando prefer?ncia por frutos. Os nossos dados indicam que as esp?cies Elaeis sp., Cecropia palmata, Inga spp. e Simarouba amara s?o os alimentos preferidos na dieta. Dispon?vel durante todo o ano e uniformemente distribu?da, a cana-de-a??car constituiu um item regular na dieta e foi caracterizado como alimento reserva est?vel para este grupo. Embora as frutas sejam itens alimentares preferenciais, a taxa de competi??o direta n?o se correlacionou com a sua produtividade, mantendo-se a ?ndices elevados durante todo o ano (2,45 eventos / hora). O ?ndice de distancia inter-individual correlacionou positivamente com a pluviometria indicando varia??o na competi??o indireta por alimentos. O n?mero de vizinhos das f?meas com filhotes foi menor quando a produtividade de frutos era baixa, indicando que elas est?o sofrendo alta competi??o indireta. Nossos dados indicam que esse grupo faz uso de cana-de-a??car como alimento reserva est?vel, o que evidencia a import?ncia da matriz circundante ao fragmento para a sobreviv?ncia desta esp?cie criticamente amea?ada de macaco-prego no Nordeste do Brasil. Uma lista preliminar de alimentos preferidos e importantes ? ofertada, e pode auxiliar na escolha de ?rvores para reflorestamento e corredores, e escolha de fragmentos a serem conservados e ?reas de soltura e transloca??o de animais. N?o verificamos aumento de competi??o direta durante o uso de alimentos preferidos, mas sim durante o uso de alimento reserva est?vel. Isso pode dever-se ao ambiente alterado, que resulta em alta competi??o alimentar durante todo o ano. Tanto a preferencia alimentar quanto as consequ?ncias s?cio-comportamentais da alta competi??o alimentar vivenciada pelos animais neste fragmento precisam ser acompanhadas ao longo dos anos para assegurar a sobreviv?ncia desta popula??o. / Feeding is the primary selective pressure in all forms of animals. Nutritional ecological models predict consequences of preferred and non-preferred food consumption on behavioural, physiological and morphological adaptations. At same time, socioecological models infer socio-organizarion patterns based on feeding competition faced by animals. A list of preferred foods, and inferences regarding the intensity of feeding competition and its behavioural consequences are information of much importance for management of populations in fragments. In this work we observed the feeding behavior and spatial positioning of a group of more than 100 blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius) that inhabit a fragment of Atlantic forest, surrounded by sugarcane plantation. We compared the consumption of different food items with their monthly availability in the area to define the preferred and fallback food items. We recorded the vocalizations of aggression and the inter-individual distance (area of Minimum Convex Polygon/n individuals) to infer the type of food competition experienced by animals. In the year studied the fruit feeding time correlated with top consumed fruit productivity, indicating preference for fruits. Our data indicate that the species Elaeis sp., Cecropia palmata, Inga spp. and Simarouba amara are the preferred food items in the diet. Available all year round and uniformly distributed, sugarcane was a regular item in the diet and its was characterized as a staple fallback food for this group. Although fruits are preferential food items, direct competition rate did not correlate to fruit productivity in the area, maintaining the high rates throughout the year (2.45 events/ hour). The inter-individual distance index positively correlated with rain fall indicating scramble food competition. The number of neighbours of females carrying infants was smaller when fruit productivity is low, indicating that females carrying infants are suffering increased indirect competition. Our data indicates that blond capuchins in this fragment make use of sugar cane as a staple fallback food, which evidence the importance of sugar cane landscape for the survival of this critically endangered capuchin species in fragmented habitats in Northeast Brazil. A preliminary list of preferred and important foods is offered, and can assist in the choice of trees for reforestation, better fragments to be preserved and areas of release and translocation of animals. We did not observe an increase of contest competition while using preferred foods, but when using staple FBF. This may be due the altered environment, which results in high competition food throughout the year. Both the food preference as the social and behavioral consequences of high food competition experienced by animals in this fragment must be accompanied over the years to ensure the survival of this population.

The present dissertation deals with the relationship between democracy and agonism. It attempts to defend the idea that certain problematic aspects of contemporary liberal democracies are not due to their origin primarily in the change of social conditions (the massification of democracy, the growth of complexity in modern societies), that made the original democratic promises unrealizable, but in certain oblivion of the agon. The agon is understood as a constitutive feature of democratic society and its oblivion is seen not to be accidental. To defend this proposition I focuse on an interpretation of the dialogue between populist republicanism (Machiavelli) and elitist republicanism (Guicciardini). This dialogue is usually understood as one of the sources of modern democratic tradition. I try to explain that in Machiavelli's political theory two notions of agonism are present - pragmatic agon that sees conflict as a basis of social cohesion and strategic agon that is described as a ferocious egalitarianism employed by the second class citizens in order to gain equality from the first class citizens. These two forms of agonism are explained to form the axis of Machiavelli's notion of the political and also of a free republic and democracy. Guicciardini's elitist republicanism is shown to stand in opposition...

This thesis examines Nietzsche’s relationship to Socrates through his positive philosophy of education, arguing that the latter is crucial to resolving the apparent contradictions of the former. While there is a good deal of literature dealing with Nietzsche’s criticisms of the educational system of his day, there is relatively little on his own account of what education should be. I point out that the Greek conception of agon (roughly “contest” in English), is central to Nietzsche’s understanding of education, and informs his ideal of the student-mentor relationship. This is the model on which, I contend, Nietzsche’s relation to Socrates needs to be interpreted. Such an interpretation helps to make sense of, and reconcile, the divergent pictures of Socrates Nietzsche presents in his texts, which are sometimes admiring and imitative, sometimes hostile and contemptuous, and have led to conflicting interpretations within the scholarship on this subject. My analysis aims to shed new light on both the figure of Nietzsche’s Socrates, and Nietzsche’s philosophy of education, by relating these to one another.

This thesis examines Nietzsche’s relationship to Socrates through his positive philosophy of education, arguing that the latter is crucial to resolving the apparent contradictions of the former. While there is a good deal of literature dealing with Nietzsche’s criticisms of the educational system of his day, there is relatively little on his own account of what education should be. I point out that the Greek conception of agon (roughly “contest” in English), is central to Nietzsche’s understanding of education, and informs his ideal of the student-mentor relationship. This is the model on which, I contend, Nietzsche’s relation to Socrates needs to be interpreted. Such an interpretation helps to make sense of, and reconcile, the divergent pictures of Socrates Nietzsche presents in his texts, which are sometimes admiring and imitative, sometimes hostile and contemptuous, and have led to conflicting interpretations within the scholarship on this subject. My analysis aims to shed new light on both the figure of Nietzsche’s Socrates, and Nietzsche’s philosophy of education, by relating these to one another.

The aim of the thesis is to describe relationships between spirituality, Christianity and sport in history and present. In the first part the author underlines ritual origins of games and sports in pre-Christian cultures, especially ancient Greece and Rome. Revolutionary Christianity separated physical competition from religious ritual. In Christian author´s (Paul, Tertullian, Basil, John Chrysostom, John Cassian and John Climacus) games rating there is an obvious ambiguity They criticized an idolatric origin and connection with cults. Attributes typical for ancient athlete, self-discipline and perseverance, they remained positive. Athletes will and willingness to overcome obstacles gave some of the Fathers of the Church as an example for spiritual struggle, the term "athlete of Christ" had a strong significance in this context. The historical part contains Thomas´s Aquinas valuation of sport in the form of games. In discussion focused on the assessment of the sinful nature of games Aquinas submitted to the rule of reason. One of the key issues in contemporary theology of sport is introduced on the difference between the theological concepts of contemporary authors Rev Dr Lincoln Harvey and Rev Dr Robert Ellis. Harvey's theory, based on a systematic basis, based on the classical axioms of Christian doctrine. Sport is construed as a "liturgy of our contingency", set in the autonomous space that God lovingly gives his creatures. The consequence of this theory is the denial of the transcendent dimension of sport. Ellis´s theory is based on empirical research conducted among athletes. His attention is focused on efforts to achieve the best possible performance by referring to Irenaeus of Lyon, Maslow and others interpreted as a reflection of God's self-transcendence necessary for the creation of man. Sport according to Ellis in contemporary society fullfil some of the functions previously belonging to organized forms of religion. The final section deals with altered states of consciousness in sports and their relationship to the mystique. The author begins by describing his own experiences that are then interpreted from five points of view (philosophical, theological, phenomenological, transpersonal and skeptical). On this basis, the author formulates his own interpretation of the connection between sport and mysticism, whose findings help to deepen the above discussion and also can help with looking for a solution.