Orientador: Rui Henrique Pereira Leite de Albuquerque / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_CleidedeMarco_D.pdf: 4802600 bytes, checksum: 4953a0f80bbc62a2bdefa433cb25d122 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta Tese procura demonstrar que os produtores agrícolas podem ampliar seu papel como consumidores de calcário agrícola - no Brasil, 70% dos solos agricultáveis são considerados ácidos e necessitam de calagem - e que este consumo contribuirá para sua sustentabilidade, e proporcionará ganhos nas esferas econômica, social e ambiental. Além disso, o uso de calcário agrícola é uma prática considerada importante para incorporar estabelecimentos agropecuários de categoria familiar que estão à margem deste mercado, dado que hoje os maiores consumidores do corretivo são os grandes e médios produtores agrícolas de soja, milho, cana-de-açúcar, citros, café e pecuaristas. Para viabilizar essa estratégia, caracteriza-se tanto o potencial de oferta desse insumo, como seu potencial de demanda. Existe no Brasil parque produtor instalado com mais de 300 empresas, operando com ociosidade média de 57%, e há reservas de rochas calcárias distribuídas por quase todas as unidades da Federação em quantidade e qualidade satisfatórias. Ao mesmo tempo em que o mercado para consumo anual do insumo é estimado em 75 milhões de toneladas, o consumo atual é de apenas 17 milhões de toneladas, correspondendo a 22% da real necessidade dos solos do País. Analisam-se em seguida as políticas públicas e privadas de apoio à utilização desse insumo já desenvolvidas até o presente momento e ao final, propõe-se um conjunto de ações para construir uma política direcionada ao consumo de calcário agrícola, com ênfase na agricultura familiar. / Abstract: This thesis aimed to show that agricultural producers could widen their role as consumers of agricultural lime ¿ in Brazil, 70% of farmable soil is considered to be acid and require liming ¿ and that such consumption would contribute to its sustainability, providing gains in the economic, social and environmental spheres. In addition, the use of agricultural lime is a practice considered important and should include family sized farms, currently on the margins of this market, considering that at the moment the greatest consumers of this corrective are the large and medium sized producers of soybean, corn, sugarcane, citrus products, coffee and cattle. In order to make such a strategy viable, both the potential supply and potential demand of this material were characterized. In Brazil, the productive park already installed consists of more than 300 companies, operating at an average of 57% of their total capacity, and there are reserves of calcareous rocks distributed throughout the Federation in satisfactory quantity and quality. Whilst the annual market potential for consumption of this material was estimated as 75 million tons, current consumption is only 17 million tons, corresponding to 22% of the real need of the Country¿s soils. The public and private policies developed up to the present time supporting the use of this material, were then analysed, and finally a group of actions were proposed, aiming at constructing a policy directed at the consumption of agricultural lime, with emphasis on family farms. / Doutorado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Doutor em Ciências

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux décisions de production des agriculteurs et plus particulièrement des producteurs de thé au Vietnam. Plus précisément, le Chapitre 1 donne un aperçu rapide de l’évolution observée dans le monde et au Vietnam. Le Chapitre 2 porte sur l’analyse de l'efficacité technique de la production de thé au Vietnam. Il permet de conclure que l'efficacité technique moyenne de la production de thé est très faible (seulement 41\%). Le Chapitre 3 de cette thèse présente un modèle théorique analysant les décisions d’agriculteurs dans le cadre d’une conversion à la production biologique. Il s'agit de déterminer les conditions optimales pour la conversion compte tenu des contraintes concernant l'allocation des terres pour les produits conventionnels et biologiques. Il montre notamment l'importance de (i) la quantité disponible de terres consacrées aux produits biologiques, (ii) la productivité de la technologie de production de produits biologiques, (iii) les mécanismes d'incitation et enfin (iv) les contraintes inhérentes à la production de produits biologiques. Le Chapitre 4 compare deux modèles économétriques, l'un avec une hétérogénéité individuelle non observable et l'autre sans hétérogénéité. Les résultats obtenus révèlent certains facteurs importants qui influent sur l'adoption des différentes variétés de thé: le revenu, la présence de personnages âgées au sein du ménage, la taille du ménage et l'usage d'engrais biologique. Le Chapitre 5, enfin, s'intéresse aux impacts des relations politiques sur le revenu total et le revenu issu de la production de thé des ménages. Nos résultats soulignent le rôle important des relations politiques sur l'amélioration des revenus des agriculteurs. / The aim of this thesis is to identify and investigate some limits regarding recent empirical and theoretical contributions in the field of farmers' behavior as related to tea production in Vietnam. Chapter 1 provides a quick overview about tea production in the world and in Vietnam. Chapter 2 in our thesis analyzes the technical efficiency of the tea production in Vietnam. This study finds that the average technical efficiency of tea production is very low (only about 41\%). Chapter 3 presents a theoretical model in order to figure out the farmer's decision to adopt for organic production. The decision concerns the allocation of lands for conventional and organic products.It shows the importance of (i) the available quantity of land devoted to agricultural plants, (ii) the productivity of the organic products, (iii) the incentive mechanism, and finally (iv) the constraints on output of organic products. In Chapter 4, we compared two version of econometric model: a model with household's unobserved heterogeneity and a model without unobserved heterogeneity. We found that the former model is preferred. The results revealed that some important factors which influence the adoption of tea varieties included tea income, presence of elderly, household size and use of organic fertilizers. In Chapter 5, we focus on investigating the impacts of political connections both farmer's total income and tea income. The findings indicate the significant role of political connection on improving farming households' income.

Magister Legum - LLM / In this thesis, the study examines the factors that are believed to be instrumental in this trade imbalance between the European Union and the developing world in the agricultural sector. The study focuses on the main reason for the existence of this imbalance which is the continued use of export subsidies by the European Union. The discussion attempts to highlight the inadequacies which exist in the current trade relationship between the European Union and developing nations , in particular South Africa with regard to agricultural produce. / South Africa

Dans cette thèse, nous introduisons des modèles de régression ”Gini-PLS”. Les algorithmes proposés combinent les propriétés des estimateurs relatifs aux régressions Gini et PLS. Les quatre modèles construits dans cette thèse permettent de résoudre simultanément les problèmes : de valeurs extrêmes (”outliers”), de multi-colinéarité, de faible taille de l’échantillon, de données manquantes, d’erreurs de mesure et d’endogénéité. En présence des problèmes cités, les modèles uni-variés (Gini-PLS1) sont robustes pour estimer une variable dépendante en fonction d’une ou plusieurs variables explicatives ; tandis que les modèles multi-variés (Gini-PLS2) servent à estimer une matrice de variables dépendantes en fonction d’une matrice de variables explicatives.Notre application dans le cadre de la thèse concerne l’estimation de contributions des variables technico-économiques aux inégalités des rémunérations pour les pays européens adhérents à la Politique Agricole Commune.Nous proposons deux approches de régressions basées sur les modèles Gini-PLS (RISD-Gini-PLS) pour estimer les contributions des variables technico-économiques (sources de revenus, superficies, main d’œuvre, etc.) aux inégalités des revenus agricoles pour les pays de l’union européenne avant et après les réformes de Mac Sharry et de l’accord de Luxembourg. / In this thesis we propose ”Gini-PLS” regressions. The proposed algorithms combine the properties of the estimators related to the Gini and PLS regressions. The four models built in this thesis solve simultaneously the problems of : extreme values (outliers), multicollinearity, small sample, missing data, measurement errors,and endogeneity. In presence of these problems, the univariate models (Gini-PLS1) are robust to estimate a dependent variable with one or more explanatory variables. While, the multivariate models (Gini-PLS2) are used to estimate a matrix of dependent variables with a matrix of explanatory variables.Our application in this thesis is the estimation of the contributions of technico-economic variables to the whole inequality of farm’s income for European countries acceding to the Common Agricultural Policy. We also propose Gini-PLS regressions approaches based on income source decomposition (RISD-Gini-PLS) to estimate the contributions of techno-economic variables (income sources, areas, labor, etc.) to the incomei nequalies of productions (total output crops and output livestock) for european countries.

Diploma work characterizes Common agricultural policy in the European Union. The main part of the work devotes to the development of Common agricultural policy (CAP) since its beginning to the present, problems it battled, performed reforms and evaluation of accepted measures. There are also mentioned principles and instruments of CAP, financing, European Community bodies concerned with CAP and liberalization process of agriculture within the round of negotiations of WTO. The work further attends to development of agricultural policy in the United States and comparison of agricultural policies in the European Union and the United States.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of agricultural policies applied in Czechoslovakia in the structure of agricultural land use and economic Fund from 1945 to 1959, with particular emphasis on selected areas around Vlasim. Attention is paid to the consequences of a national agricultural policy on agriculture. This thesis also shows the influence of the Communist Party, the circumstances leading to its rise to power, explains specific steps and their impacts. By the time the policy framework was set Vlasim, agricultural and economic situation in the region. The local situation is clearly illustrated by several case studies processed, of which the first, very clearly shows the complete process and the impact of changes in agricultural policy Vlasim since 1945.

This master thesis focuses on the topic of agricultural subsidies and other issues related with agriculture policies and farmers' behaviour. Emphasis is laid on the importance of cooperation between farmers and the creation and institutionalization of their networks. The main aim of this study is to analyze spatial aspects of subsidies flowing from the first axis of Rural Development Programme (RDP) in the Czech Republic and then to compare, explain and verify the results with a research made among farmers in two model regions. The theoretical part of this study provides an outline of agricultural changes in Czech and European agriculture and discusses the most recent trends in multifunctional agriculture, rural development and networks. My research was carried out in two sections. In the first section I tried to evaluate regional differences in allocations of subsidies to Modernisation of Agricultural Enterprises (MAE; RDP, Axis I, measure 1.1.1.) in the Czech Republic between the years 2007 and 2010 on the level of districts (N = 77). I tried to explain these differences through the use of representative physical- and socio-geographical quantitative indicators. In the second section I conducted a qualitative survey (standardized interviews) with 22 farmers and 12 institutional actors in model areas of...

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Numerous scholars describe agroforestry as an extraordinary food production system that generates viable ecosystems and accommodates regenerative capabilities. Agroforestry may therefore be a promising solution to the future environmental challenges facing food production. This multifunctional land management system is practised in temperate and tropical regions alike, however, it exists to a remarkably limited extent in Sweden. This research points to the complexities in agricultural and forestry policy as a main barrier for wider agroforestry adoption. The foundation of inquiry is thus to analyze various Swedish legislatives and support systems that either facilitate or adverse agroforestry practice, through the lens of political ecology. The research findings derive from a qualitative study, consisting of conducted interviews with key stakeholders in Swedish agricultural and forestry policy. The study contends that a core obstacle for agroforestry development is the dualistic approach to governmental sectors, i.e. forestry and agriculture, and the lack of coordination between them, since agroforestry cannot be classified as neither . A perpetual policy prioritized towards large-volume crop yields, rapid production, large scale investments, calculative assessments and a competitive business sector is moreover identified. The research asserts that these hegemonic discourses permeating policy, consequently act as a disincentive for agroforestry adoption due to the ofttimes long implementation period, high initial investment and uncertain food market for agroforestry produce. In addition, the study illustrates that cultural expectations of landscape mainly give trees a cultural and environmental value, therein neglecting the multifunctionality of woody vegetation - which hence suggest a lack of a holistic approach to food systems. The thesis finally argues that these hegemonic discourses concerning assessment and management of land, together influence the design of state policy and farmers’ attitude towards agroforestry systems. Overall, current policy regulations portray a rather static and incomplete way of managing the dynamic symbiosis of multifunctional food systems.

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