The objective of this study is to measure the level of the European Union's (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) price support system (PSS) applied to producers in the EU-15 and in Turkey. The producer subsidy estimate (PSE) method has been used to determine protection levels for selected cereal products from the beginning of the application of the PSE method in 1986 to date. In addition, this study attempts to examine the empirical findings of the PSE in the light of CAP reforms and EU enlargements during the period 1986- 2003. The expected contribution of this study is to determine which support instruments, such as countervailing levies or direct payments (based on limited or unlimited area) against export subsidies, voluntary or compulsory set-aside measures and price interventions, are more appropriate for the CAP in reducing destabilizing effects on trade with selected products between the EU and Turkey with respect to distribution effects (how income is distributed between different groups involved in the production operation process). Does the current PSS of the CAP have positive effects on agricultural producers in Turkey as a non-member country? The major finding of this dissertation is the evaluation of benefits and costs of common agricultural policies of the EU on fair trade. The assessment of the PSE of the EU's CAP will be used to determine the impact of current support measures of the CAP reforms on fair trade and consumer welfare, and how the CAP measures can be reformed for the improvement of producer gain in accordance with fair trade. (author's abstract)

This thesis examines conflict transformation in public policy in the case of the British Columbia Farm Assessment Review public process in the Capital Regional District from December 2007 to July 2009. The research addresses three questions: 1) Were transformative approaches applied to public policy in the Farm Assessment Review (FAR) case? If so, how were those transformative approaches applied? 2) How did worldview conflicts arise in the FAR case? and 3) What were the effects of the FAR public process in terms of transformative capacity? Data were collected from newspaper articles, press releases, public reports, semi-structured interviews, and personal observations. The data were analyzed through directed content analysis and interpreted through the lens of social constructionism. The study found that the process had few transformative qualities and did not accommodate the worldview differences that were detected and recognized by the parties. Few transformational changes could be found in the data.

The increasing frequency and economic losses from natural disasters within the framework of decreasing agricultural prices and trade liberalization is becoming crucial in increasing poverty in the Mexican rural economy. During the past two decades, the governmental withdrawal from supporting the agricultural sector with investments in physical, financial and logistic instruments continues to stress agricultural livelihoods, as current private mechanisms have not replaced them effectively. It has contributed to making the agricultural sector particularly vulnerable to a number of hazards as it has weakened economic agents' response and impeded assets accumulation. This dissertation identifies economic vulnerability to natural and economic hazards in order to assess public and private coping capacity, and provides a conceptual framework and economic theory that supports the overall approach and employed methodologies. It is based on quantitative and qualitative research methods, and makes use of econometric analysis and stakeholders' views aimed at finding feasible solutions. Further, this dissertation offers a spatial model that can support policy-decision-making for the creation of differential investments in productive infrastructure, as well as financial instruments to reduce current vulnerability and poverty throughout the national territory. During the past two decades, over 80% of total economic losses from weather-related disasters occurred in the agricultural sector. In the same period, mean weighted agricultural prices have decreased over 50% in real terms, and since 1996 a trade deficit has persisted in this sector. Currently, the insufficient credit access, low coverage of crop insurance, as well as the near lack of investments to expand irrigation and further productive infrastructure is sharpening the vulnerability of rural livelihoods. These facts explain why this sector produces only 4% of the GDP despite employing over 20% of the national workforce. These facts undermine farmers' expectations of future incomes within the community, stimulating rural-urban out migration, which usually cannot be absorbed by the urban economy in sight of the modest industrial dynamism of the recent years. This leads to the enlargement of the informal sector in large cities and migratory flows to abroad, among others. (author's abstract)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-287).

The European Union has been a discussed subject for many years. The conversed areas have been everything from special state interests, refugee crisis, sizes of cucumbers and if the European Union has a sense of community. One of the most debatable fields has been the agricultural policy; control of goods by the union and influence on other markets. This study illustrates what the union controls in form of agricultural production, although mostly aspects around the international agency of the EU, illustrated by the common agricultural policy.   In the liberalised decade of 2010, the rich and powerful European Union still continues to maintain protectionism and customs, and at the same time conduct an aggressive expansion policy. Their current actions in this political area appear abnormal when observed from an analytical perspective. The nations within the EU are all in front line when it comes to everything from technical to democratic perspectives. They are all advocates of freedom, human rights and openness, but are at the same time part of this controlled and restrictive policy regarding their food.   The aim of this essay is not only to illustrate the relationship between the EU and its member states in question of agricultural policies. Also how less fortunate parts of the globe, in particular sub-Saharan African countries, are affected by the contemporary agricultural policies. The presented empirical material will be analysed through three political ideologies, which will represent conservatism, socialism and liberalism within the international political economy. The ideologies combined with the empirical material together with ideology analysis and qualitative text analysis will discuss the question of the essay, which will end up in the final analysis and conclusion.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo realizar um estudo da evolução da indústria de máquinas agrícolas em dois mercados diferentes: o mercado norte-americano e o brasileiro. Deseja-se analisar como esta indústria se desenvolveu levando em consideração fatores da estrutura industrial, como também questões relacionadas à política econômica e agrícola. Utilizou-se uma metodologia analítica descritiva, iniciando o trabalho com uma revisão teórica dos fatores industriais e de política agrícola que podem influenciar a indústria e o mercado de máquinas agrícolas. Após tal revisão teórica iniciam-se os estudos das indústrias nos países citados. Primeiramente analisou-se o caso dos Estados Unidos, desde a formação do setor até o atual estágio de desenvolvimento daquele mercado. Os capítulos subsequentes fazem a mesma análise, mas com vistas ao caso brasileiro, dando ênfase na importância que o Estado teve na formação da indústria de máquinas agrícolas e o papel por ele desempenhado para estimular as vendas de tratores e demais máquinas através do crédito agrícola para investimento. Analisou-se a evolução da indústria brasileira desde seu nascimento, seu auge ocorrido durante o período 1960-1980, a crise que enfrentou entre 1980 e 1990, bem como sua posterior recuperação com o início dos anos 2000. As principais conclusões que este trabalho chegou foram que, a evolução desta indústria nos países estudados se deu de forma diferenciada. Enquanto no caso norte-americano o setor se desenvolveu de forma mais autônoma, isto é, sem tanta interferência estatal, no caso brasileiro somente pode-se pensar o desenvolvimento desta indústria levando em consideração a intervenção estatal, tanto por meio de incentivos para a criação da indústria quanto por meio do crédito subsidiado que fomentou as vendas. No caso norte-americano a indústria se desenvolveu através da capacidade inovadora de seus empresários, sem a intervenção direta do governo. Quando esta ocorreu deu-se em termos de políticas agrícolas que, ao sustentar o preço dos produtos agrícolas via política de preços mínimos, induziu os produtores rurais a se tornarem mais produtivos, adotando as novas máquinas existentes. Outra conclusão foi que durante as décadas de 1980-1990 tanto no Brasil quanto nos Estados Unidos o Estado se manteve ausente, tanto em termos setoriais quanto em termos de política agrícola, mesmo período no qual ambos os mercados de máquinas enfrentaram graves crises Tal indústria somente voltaria a se recuperar em 1990, no caso americano, e nos anos 2000 no caso brasileiro. Nos Estados Unidos a recuperação foi acompanhada por uma nova onda de inovações, principalmente com o surgimento da eletrônica embarcada e com a agricultura de precisão. Tal tecnologia chegaria no Brasil por volta dos anos 2000, dando novo ânimo ao setor, juntamente com o novo programa de financiamento lançado pelo governo brasileiro para modernização da frota agrícola, o MODERFROTA, que impulsionou as vendas de máquinas. Em termos mundiais os Estados Unidos consolidaram-se como difusores de progresso técnico e exportadores de máquinas, enquanto o Brasil, ainda que seja um importante produtor entre os países em desenvolvimento, não chega a ultrapassar a marca de 1,1% em relação as exportações mundiais. / This paper aims to conduct a study of the evolution of the agricultural machinery industry in two different markets: the North American market and the Brazilian. Examining how this industry developed taking into account factors of industrial structure, as well as issues related to economic and agricultural policy. This paper used a descriptive analytical methodology, starting work with a theoretical review of industrial and agricultural policy factors that can influence the industry and the market of agricultural machinery. After this literature review begins the study of industries in the countries cited. First was analyzed the case of the United States, since the formation of the sector to the current stage of development of that market. Subsequent chapters did the same analysis, but with a view to the Brazilian case, emphasizing the importance that the State had in shaping the agricultural machinery industry and the role it has played to stimulate sales of tractors and other machines through the agricultural investment credit. Analyzing evolution of the Brazilian industry from its birth, its peak occurred during the period 1960-1980, the crisis that faced between 1980 and 1990 and their subsequent recovery with the early 2000s The main conclusions that this study came were that the evolution of this industry in the countries studied occurred differently. While the American case the industry has developed more autonomously, ie, without much government interference in the Brazilian case the development of this industry was influenced by state intervention, both through the creation of incentives for industry as through subsidized credit that boosted sales. In the American case, the industry developed through the innovative capacity of their business, without the direct intervention of the government. When this occurred was given in terms of agricultural policies, to sustain the price of agricultural products via the minimum price policy, induced farmers to become more productive, adopting the new existing machines. Another conclusion was that during the decades of 1980-1990 both in Brazil and in the United States remained absent from the state, both in terms of sectors and in terms of agricultural policy, the same period in which both markets faced serious crises Such machinery industry only back to recover in 1990, in the American case, and in the 2000s in the Brazilian case. In the United States recovery was accompanied by a new wave of innovation, especially with the emergence of embedded electronics and precision agriculture. Such technology would arrive in Brazil around the 2000s, giving new life to the industry, along with the new financing program launched by the Brazilian government to modernize the agricultural fleet, MODERFROTA, which boosted sales of machines. Globally the United States consolidated as diffusers of technical progress and exporters of machinery, while Brazil, even though it is a major producer among developing countries, does not quite surpass the mark of 1.1% over exports world.

The aim of my diploma thesis named ``Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Company{\crq}q is to evaluate a situation of financial health of the farming business. Seeing that many financing arrangements are directed at this economic field by Common Agricultural Policy, this diploma work is taking into account questions of the impact of the grants-in-aid. The theoretical part is concerning with problems of financial analysis, European grants and state-aid. The practical part applies this knowledge to data evaluation. By means of analysis of balance sheet, profit and loss account and cash-flow statement the financial analysis was made and evaluated. On the bases of these results recommendations were proposed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO-ELIANA NODA.PDF: 6257827 bytes, checksum: 75900750050094b298bc929669f4042e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This study aimed to examine the interface between agricultural and environmental policies in microregions of the Baixo e Médio Purus in the state of Amazonas. It were used Case Study method and interviews techniques with government agents and familiar agriculturists. It were characterized the social, economic and environmental organizations, as well as, the production systems adopted by familiar agriculture. It were estimated the levels of contribution of the local reality to the elaboration of public rural development policies and in the integration between the environmental and agricultural policies. The local communities suffer the immediate impact of the creation of protected areas due to non-resolution of social and environmental conflicts. When exists, the rural development councils and technical assistance do not work properly. The marketing of the production is weak. In this context, it was observed complete decoupling between agricultural policies and environmental needs of local rural communities. Often the policies are contradictory in their objectives. The main environmental policy objectives are to promote conservation and sustainable use. In the other hand, the objectives of agricultural policy are seeking self-sufficiency of food and raising the level of income of familiar agriculturists. Thus, there must be the effective participation of familiar agriculturists in the process of creating protected areas and elaboration of agricultural policies proposals of to achieve sustainable rural development. / Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar a relação entre políticas agrícolas e ambientais nas microrregiões do Baixo e Médio Purus no Estado do Amazonas. Utilizou-se o método do Estudo de Caso e técnicas de entrevistas com os agentes de governo e os agricultores familiares. Foram caracterizadas as organizações sociais, econômicas e ambientais, assim como, os sistemas de produção adotados pela agricultura familiar. Foram avaliados os níveis de contribuição da realidade local à elaboração de políticas de desenvolvimento rural e na integração entre as políticas ambientais e agrícolas. As comunidades locais sofrem o impacto imediato da criação das áreas protegidas devido a não-resolução de conflitos sociais e ambientais. Quando existe, os conselhos do desenvolvimento rural e a assistência técnica não funcionam adequadamente. O mercado da produção é precário. Neste contexto, foi observada completa desvinculação entre as políticas agrícolas e ambientais das reais necessidades das comunidades rurais locais. Frequentemente as políticas são contraditórias em seus objetivos. Os objetivos principais da política ambiental são promover a conservação e o uso sustentável. Por outro lado, os objetivos da política agrícola são buscar a auto-suficiência de alimentos e a elevação do nível de renda dos agricultores familiares. Assim, é necessário que exista a participação efetiva dos agricultores familiares no processo de criação das áreas protegidas e na elaboração de propostas das políticas agrícolas para alcançar o desenvolvimento rural sustentável.

Submitted by Fabielle Cheuczuk (fabielle.cheuczuk@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-01T18:30:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Juvenir_de_Mello_2017.pdf: 2082475 bytes, checksum: b56f7f8b21e76d8e538702d68b1c7b7c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T18:30:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Juvenir_de_Mello_2017.pdf: 2082475 bytes, checksum: b56f7f8b21e76d8e538702d68b1c7b7c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The dissertation analyzes determinants of price dynamics of agricultural land in Francisco Beltrão-PR from 2000 to 2015. The price data of these lands were acquired from information of the Department of Rural Economy of the State of Paraná (DERAL) and interview. Starting with the historical process of formation of the Southwest region of Paraná, since lands titration until its respective valorization. The price of agricultural land are determined by a juncture of factors that are related in local, national and international scales. Because of specific attributes that the Brazilian land market possesses, it is considered that each site holds specific elements to get to the final pricing. The advent of the modernization process is also studied, since the state programs to promote the agricultural development, the financial credits and the impacts of economic policies on the land market through the past four decades. In conclusion, the idea is to analyze land prices of different rural communities of Francisco Beltrão, synthesizing the acquired dada between the properties, rated prices, developed activities and the characteristics of the ground. / A dissertação analisa os determinantes da dinâmica dos preços da terra agrícola no município de Francisco Beltrão-PR, no período entre 2000-2015. Os dados dos preços destas terras foram obtidos a partir de informações do Departamento de Economia Rural do Estado do Paraná (DERAL) e de entrevistas. Partimos do processo histórico de formação da região Sudoeste do Paraná, desde a titulação das terras até sua respectiva valorização. Os preços das terras agrícolas são determinados por uma conjuntura de fatores que se relacionam em escalas locais, nacionais e internacionais. Em virtude das especificidades que o mercado de terra brasileiro possui, consideramos que cada local detém elementos específicos para chegar a precificação final. Também adentramos ao advento do processo de modernização da agricultura, desde os programas do Estado para fomentar o desenvolvimento agrícola, créditos financeiros e os impactos das políticas econômicas no mercado de terra ao longo dos últimos quinze anos. Por fim buscamos analisar os preços de terras entre as diferentes comunidades rurais do município de Francisco Beltrão, sintetizando os dados obtidos entre as propriedades, preços avaliados, atividades desenvolvidas e as características de solos.

O MERCOSUL e a União Européia (UE) firmaram no ano de 1995, o Acordo Marco de Cooperação Inter-Regional, que tinha como objetivo fortalecer as relações bi-regionais e a preparar as condições para a criação de uma Associação Inter-Regional, que abrangesse a área comercial, cooperação econômica, tecnológica, financeira, e também cultural e social. A concretização da Associação representaria um grande ganho para o MERCOSUL devido à importância comercial que a UE representa para o bloco, sendo a sua principal parceira tanto nas exportações quantos nas importações. Desde a assinatura do acordo, os dois blocos realizaram diversas rodadas de negociações, mas não conseguiram avançar na direção de maiores realizações. Um dos principais entraves tem sido a intransigência da UE, principalmente no que diz respeito ao conceder melhores ofertas no setor agrícola. O presente trabalho objetiva, portanto, analisar a evolução das negociações comerciais entre os dois blocos, a fim de identificar os entraves no setor agrícola, que contribuíram para o impedimento da implantação da Associação Inter-Regional. A evolução das rodadas de negociações entre os dois blocos mostrou que o protecionismo agrícola é um dos pontos cruciais para a obtenção de um acordo de livre comércio. O fracasso das negociações provou para o MERCOSUL, que independemente das negociações acontecerem no plano multilateral ou bilateral, a UE não está disposta em maiores concessões. Portanto, enquanto a UE mantiver as subvenções, responsáveis por enormes excedentes na produção agrícola européia, não será possível a obtenção de melhores resultados, que conduzam a implantação de uma área de livre comércio entre MERCOSUL e União Européia. / MERCOSUR and the European Union (EU) signed in 1995, the Framework Agreement on Inter-Regional Cooperation, which aimed to strengthen bi-regional relations and prepare the conditions for the creation of an Interregional Association, covering the commercial area, economic cooperation, technological, financial and also cultural and social. The concretion of the Association would be a great gain for Mercosur due to the commercial importance that the EU accounts for the block, which is its main partner in both exports and imports. Since signing the agreement, the two blocks had several rounds of negotiations, but failed to move toward greater accomplishments. A major obstacle has been the intransigence of the EU, particularly with regard to grant better offers in the agricultural sector. This paper aims, therefore, to examine developments in trade negotiations between the two blocs, in order to identify the barriers in the agricultural sector, which contributed to impeding the implantation of the Inter-Regional. The evolution of rounds of negotiations between the two blocs has shown that agricultural protectionism is one of the crucial points for achieving a free trade agreement. The failure of the negotiations proved to MERCOSUR, that independently the negotiations occur multilaterally or bilaterally, the EU is not willing to further concessions. So, while the EU maintains subsidies, responsible for huge surpluses on European agricultural production, it is not possible to obtain better results, which conduce to establishment of a free trade area between MERCOSUR and the European Union.