Bakgrund: Humant immunbristvirus förkortas HIV, det är en virussjukdom som smittar via blod och kroppsvätskor. En obehandlad HIV-infektion utvecklas till förvärvat immunbristsyndrom som förkortas AIDS. Sjuksköterskan ska i sin yrkesroll respektera och vårda alla på lika villkor samt främja känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) hos alla patienter, genom ett salutogent synsätt. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva möjliga faktorer som kan påverka sjuksköterskors omvårdnad till vuxna patienter med HIV eller AIDS. Metod: Litteraturöversikt. PubMed och CINAHL var databaser som användes i artikelsökningen, det hittades 15 artiklar som hade kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. I dataanalysen sammanställdes artiklarnas resultat som i litteraturöversikten bildade fem olika kategorier. Resultat: Möjliga faktorer som kan påverka sjuksköterskors omvårdnad till att vårda vuxna patienter som är smittade med HIV eller AIDS är "Kunskap, utbildning och personlig erfarenhet", "Sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt mot personer drabbade av HIV eller AIDS", "Rädsla, osäkerhet och bristande resurser" samt "Sociodemografiska faktorer". Slutsats: Denna litteraturöversikt har visat att det finns faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans attityd och vilja till att vårda de som är smittade med HIV eller AIDS. De faktorer som utmärkt sig är kunskap, utbildning och personliga erfarenheter, attityder kring personer som är drabbade av HIV och AIDS samt stigmatisering av denna grupp, rädsla och osäkerhet, bristande resurser samt sociodemografiska faktorer. / Background : Human immunodeficiency virus is shortened to HIV, it is a viral disease that infects through blood and body fluids. An untreated HIV infection develops into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which shortens AIDS. The nurse must respect and care for all persons on equal terms and promote the sense of context (SOC) in all patients through a salutogenic approach. Aim : The aim is to describe possible factors that may affect nurses` care towards adult patients with HIV or AIDS. Method : Literature overview. PubMed and CINAHL were databases used in the article search, 15 articles were found that had qualitative and quantitative approach. In the data analysis, the results of the articles were compiled, which in the literature overview formed 5 different categories. Result: The factors affecting nurses care to care for adult persons infected with HIV or AIDS are "Knowledge, education and personal experience", "Nurse's approach to people affected by HIV or AIDS", "Fear, insecurity and inadequate resources" and "Sociodemographic factors". Conclusion: This literature review has shown that there are factors that affect the nurse's attitude and willingness to care for those who are HIV or AIDS-infected. The factors that where found were knowledge, education and personal experience, attitudes about people affected by HIV and AIDS, as well as stigmatization of this group, fear and insecurity, inadequate resources and sociodemographic factors.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida de crianças órfãs por aids pode sofrer um impacto negativo no desenvolvimento e crescimento físico. Objetivo: Estimar a força muscular de membros inferiores de crianças órfãs por aids, segundo características sociodemográficas, condições clínicas, atividade física e crescimento corporal. Material e métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 171 crianças órfãs por aids no município de São Paulo. A variável dependente foi a força muscular, avaliada por meio do teste salto horizontal. As variáveis independentes foram os aspectos sociodemográficos, condições clínicas, atividade física habitual, brincadeiras no lazer, estágio maturacional, estado nutricional e composições corporais. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste “t"de Student e análise de variância ANOVA. Resultados: Crianças órfãs por aids apresentaram menor força muscular em relação a outras crianças brasileiras. Meninos tiveram melhores resultados no teste de força. Crianças cuidadas por um dos pais saltaram mais. Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos para crianças mais velhas e de maior grau de escolaridade. Maior gordura corporal influenciou negativamente o salto horizontal. Crianças com maior circunferência de panturrilha saltaram mais. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de atenção à saúde das crianças órfãs por aids. / Background: The quality of life of children orphaned by AIDS may suffer a negative impact on their development and growth. Objective: To estimate the muscular strength of low limb in children orphaned by AIDS according to sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions, physical activity, and body growth. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 171 children orphaned by AIDS in the city of São Paulo. The dependent variable was muscular strength, measured by long jump. The independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions, habitual physical activity, playing during free time, maturation stage, nutrition state, and body composition. The analyses included Student’s t-Test and ANOVA. Results: Children orphaned by AIDS showed less muscular strength when compared to Brazilian children. Boys had better results in the test of strength. Higher jump was observed among children taken care of by a parent, older children and children with a higher educational level. Higher body fat affected negatively the long jump. Children with higher calf circumference performed long jump better. Conclusion: The results highlight the need of addressing attention to the healthcare of children orphaned by AIDS.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar as condições de saúde bucal e antropométricas em adolescentes portadores da AIDS (Síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida) em Maputo-Moçambique e correlacioná-las com o número de linfócitos T CD4+. A amostra foi constituída por 143 adolescentes, entre 12 e19 anos de ambos os gêneros, dividida em 2 grupos: GA - grupo com AIDS (n=68) e GC-grupo controle (n=75) sem a doença. As condições bucais analisadas foram: doença periodontal (IPC) alterações do tecido mole e cárie dentária (CPOD). A avaliação antropométrica foi realizada por meio do índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e a contagem de linfócitos TCD4 foi obtida dos prontuários. As variáveis foram analisadas por meio de odds ratio e correlação de Sperman (p<0,05). A maioria dos indivíduos avaliados em ambos os grupos apresentou IMC normal. A maioria dos pacientes não apresentou doença periodontal, sendo 67,6% do GA e 61,3% do GC (p>0,05). As alterações de tecido mole foram encontradas em 11,8% (GA=14 e GC=3), sendo que no GC foram encontradas apenas ulcerações aftosas. Não houve diferença estatística, entre os grupos (p>0,05). O CPOD médio na amostra estudada foi 2,90±2,78, no GA foi de 3,06±2,63 e no GC foi de 2,76±2,91, (p>0,05). O Significant Index Caries (SIC ) encontrado no estudo foi de 6,12± 2,04, (GA: 6,17±3,05 e GC: 6,08±2,76). Nas condições bucais e no número de linfócitos T CD4 houve correlação negativa no CPOD e IPC (r= - 0,185) e na alteração de tecido mole houve correlação negativa (r=-0,0136) entretanto não foram significativas (p>0,05), Encontrou-se correlação positiva entre o IMC e o número de linfócitos T CD4 (r=-0,012 p=0>0,05). O CPOD e IPC mostram-se baixos e as condições antropométricas dentro da normalidade nos adolescentes HIV soropositivos submetidos à terapia antirretroviral. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health conditions and anthropometric measurements in adolescents with AIDS in Maputo Mozambique and correlate them to the level of TCD4 count . The sample was comprised of 143 adolescents aged 12-19 years of both genders divided into 2 groups : GA - AIDS group (n = 68) and CG - control group (n =75) without disease ,The oral conditions were analyzed: periodontal disease (CPI), soft tissue changes and Dental caries (DMFT). Anthropometric evaluation was performed using the body mass index (BMI) and TCD4 cell count was obtained from medical records, The variables were analyzed using the Student t test and Spearman correlation (p < 0,05) , The mean DMFT in the sample was 2,90 ± 2,78; in the GA 3,06 ± 2,63 and GC 2,76 ± 2,91 ( p > 0,05) , The Significant Index Caries (SIC) found was 6,12 ± 2,04 (GA : 6,17 ± 3,05 and CG: 6,08 ± 2,76),The most patients did not show periodontal disease, The GA was 67,6% and GC was 61,3 % of adolescents groups (p > 0,05), Most of the subjects in both groups had normal BMI. The soft tissue changes were found in 17 adolescents ( GA = 14 and CG = 3) and the GC only aphthous ulcerations were found, There was no statistical difference between groups ( p > 0,05), There was a positive correlation between DMFT and CPI (r = 0,185 p < 0,05). In dental conditions and TCD4 counts correlated negatively in DMFT (r = -0,0037) in the CPI (r = -0,07) and soft-tissue abnormalities correlated negatively (r = -0,098) however they were not significant (p> 0,05). A positive correlation was found between BMI and CD4 lymphocyte count (r = 0,012 p =0> 0,05). In adolescents seropositive undergoing antiretroviral therapy the oral conditions showed to be of low prevalence and anthropometric measurement was normal.

This thesis explores the relationship between law and society and various forms of causality: (1) legal change leading to social change; (2) social change leading to legal change; and (3) the interdependent interaction between social change and legal change. It is proposed that a multi-directional approach would be the most useful in examining the moral boundaries exemplified in the law identified with legal and social changes that have resulted in response to the AIDS epidemic.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Agricultural Economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2005 / This study is based on a survey of 396 farming households from Mabele; Khubu and Nwahajeni communities. The results show that in general, HIV/AIDS status appears to have a significant negative impact on the number of household members working full time on the farm. An indication that households affected by HIV/AIDS are likely to suffer loss of farm labour due to sick household members who cannot work on the farm. Generally, information on HIV/AIDS appears to have a significant positive impact on the number of household members working full time on the farm. An indication that households that are well-informed about HIV/AIDS are likely to have higher number of households members working full time on the farm. The study shows that HIV/AIDS is negatively correlated with household farm income. An indication that the higher the number of household members infected with HIV/AIDS, household farm income is likely to decrease. This may be due to shortage of household farm labour. Farm labour shortage results in the reduction of farming operations and loss of total household farm income. The study shows that the number of household members working full time on the farm is negatively correlated with difficulty to pay for health care; difficulty to pay for agricultural inputs; and difficulty to save money. An indication that as the number of household members working full time on the farm is reduced, it is likely that households will find it difficult to pay for health care, agricultural inputs and saving money. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2011. / Background: Support groups are an informal resource that attempts to provide healing components to a variety of problems and challenges. An informal support outside of family, friends, or professionals often provides greater understanding, more similarity (from individuals experiencing similar life events), an opportunity for empathy and altruism, and a sense of identity for participants. Learning new ways to handle challenges, cope with changes, and maintain new behaviors are all important aspects of the support group experience. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine what HIV positive people perceive as barriers to participate in HIV support groups. Methods: This was a quantitative study design using structured questionnaires on 248 participants who gave written consents to participate in the study. Results: Majority were female 63% participants, single (52.63%), unemployed (60%), between ages 31-40 and 52.02% attained secondary education. Participants who were currently on HIV treatment (prophylaxis and ARV) has attended HIV support groups before while participants who were not on any treatment have never attended HIV support groups. Participants who never attended HIV support group also never attended other support groups. The main reasons that participants gave for not attending in HIV support groups was that they are concerned about their privacy and HIV status being known by others. Barriers preventing attendance of HIV support group were support groups are hard to find, work schedules and lack of transport money.

"As a partial requirement for Master of Arts (Animation & Interactive Media) by Research Project 25th March 2002, studied at Centre for Animation and Interactive Media, School of Creative Media, Faculty of Art, Design and Communication" Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 66-67. Internet access at: http://www.hivaids.webcentral.com.au/

Thesis (D. Th.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M. Div.)--Emmanuel School of Religion, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-97).

The purposes of this study were to assess mental health counselors' knowledge of AIDS and to determine the effect of various independent variables upon knowledge. The variables used were gender, professional contact with PWAs, personal contact with PWAs, age, sexual preference, AIDS training, and personal acquaintance with a person who is homosexual. A sample of 358 mental health counselors was chosen randomly from the current membership of the American Mental Health Counseling Association which is a division of the American Association for Counseling and Development. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire which included a 32-item true-false knowledge test on the transmission, epidemiology, and treatment of AIDS as well as general information about AIDS. Chi-square, t-tests and multiple regression analyses were used at the .05 level of significance to determine the relationship between the variables and degree of knowledge. Mental health counselors scored quite high on most of the knowledge questions with a mean percentage score of 93% had a higher knowledge score on epidemiology than females, yet, when the total knowledge score was examined, there was not a significant difference. Respondents who had provided professional services to persons with AIDS within the past year had higher scores for both the sub-section on transmission and total knowledge. Subjects who had been personally acquainted with someone who had been diagnosed with AIDS showed a higher degre of knowledge, whereas acquaintance with someone who is homosexual seemed to have no direct relationship. Although age did not have an effect on knowledge, homosexual mental health counselors had a greater degree of knowledge about AIDS than heterosexuals, and mental health counselors who have had AIDS training have more knowledge of AIDS then those who have not. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in means between knowledge of AIDS and such factors as religion, work setting, professional degree and geographic area of residence. However, there was a significant relationship between knowledge of community resources and level of knowledge of AIDS. The study results were reviewed in light of the literature on AIDS and knowledge of AIDS among various professional and non-professional groups. Implications and recommendations for counselor education and clinical practice as a result of this study are presented. / Graduation date: 1992