Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Stuttgart.

The work presented in this thesis was undertaken as part of the three-year ‘Jigless Aerospace Manufacture’ (JAM) project which was set-up to investigate and address the significant scientific, technological and economic issues to enable a new design, manufacture and assembly philosophy based on minimising product specific jigs, fixtures and tooling. The main goal of the JAM project at Cranfield was the development of appropriate jigless methods and principles, and the subsequent redesign of the JAM project demonstrator structure – a section of the Airbus A320 aircraft Fixed Leading Edge – to fully investigate and realise the capabilities of jigless methodologies and principles. The particular focus of research activity described in this thesis was the development of a methodology to design for jigless assembly and a process of selecting assembly features to enable jigless assembly. A review of the literature has shown that no methodologies exist to specifically design for jigless assembly; however, previous relevant research has been built upon and extended with the incorporation of novel tools and techniques. To facilitate the assembly feature selection process for jigless assembly, an Assembly Feature Library was created that broadened and expanded the conventional definition and use of assembly features. The developed methodology, assembly feature selection process and Feature Library have been applied and validated on the JAM project demonstrator structure to serve as a Case Study for the tools and techniques developed by the research. Additionally, a Costing Analysis was carried out which suggests that the use of the tools and techniques to enable jigless assembly could have a large and considerable impact on both the Non-Recurring and Recurring costs associated with the design, manufacture and assembly of aircraft.

No description available.

Sverige har länge använt beläggningsytor av asfalt på grund av dess flexibla egenskaper som är lämpliga för det svenska klimatet. Historiskt sett har Sverige haft låg trafikmängd vilket inte gett utrymme för utvecklingen av betong som beläggning i vägar. Trafikmängden har sedan ett par år tillbaka ökat markant och det kan därför hända att det kommer att byggas betongvägar i huvudleder. Emellertid är erfarenheten i Sverige så pass låg att utveckling av nuvarande metoder fordras. USA har länge brukat betongvägar i stor skala och har betydligt större mängd betongvägar i motsats till Sverige, som har mindre än 1 %. Den ökade trafikmängden speglas även på flygplatser. I den här studien jämförs den svenska dimensioneringsmetoden för betongbeläggning på flygfält (Strand, 2016) med den amerikanska dimensioneringsmetoden i syfte att optimera den svenska metoden. Den svenska dimensioneringsmetoden (Strand, 2016) som denna studie behandlar är förenklad och baserad på gamla teorier. Metoden framställs genom äldre litteraturstudier men kombineras även med aktuell litteratur. Den amerikanska metoden används genom dess egna datorprogram kallad FAARFIELD där alla beräkningar görs med hänsyn till dess normer och krav. Dimensioneringen sker för lasten från Airbus A380 med 365 avgångar per år enligt Swedavias förväntningar. Oarmerade betongplattor med 350 till 450 mm tjocklek med betongkvaliteten C35/45 klarar inte av utmattningskriteriet. Däremot klarar likadana plattor med betongkvalitén C60/75 utmattningskraven och fungerar utmärkt som beläggning på uppställningsplatser och rullbana. Vid dimensionering enligt den amerikanska metoden visar resultaten att plattorna blir både tjockare och tunnare än den svenska metoden beroende på vilken betongkvalite som används. Den svenska metoden förutsätter en del förenklingar vid dimensionering av betongbeläggningar och därför blir inte beräkningen helt korrekt. Resultaten som denna studie visar är därför preliminära. Optimering av den svenska beräkningsgången är ett steg i rätt riktning men det praktiska utförandet av arbetet och erfarenheten av detta är något som måste byggas ut för en fulländad och fungerande metod i praktiken.

The market for large commercial aircraft is in turn dominated by the duopoly of Airbus SAS, a division of EADS, and Boeing Commercial Airplanes, a division of The Boeing Company. My Aim is to describe the current strategic and financial situation of the two largest companies in the aerospace industry with a particular focus on the divisions supplying Large Commercial Aircraft. I describe the production of civil airliners in the whole context of the current global economic situation and the future of aviation. Strategic analysis using methods like PESTLE analysis, PORTER 5F and SWOT focuses mainly on the analysis of macro environment in relation to the companies and aviation business as it is the main driver of aviation expansion. The success of business strategies of both companies will influence the air traffic in the future, determine its nature, quality and availability for customers. Strategic analysis of the intense mutual competition will summarize the main company strategies and their current financial situation. Air traffic development is closely connected to the subject and is also analyzed. Source materials for the analysis are Airbus and Boeing annual reports, public corporate documents, press articles and journals on the topic of aviation and transportation, public IATA reports and other expert studies and forecasts are also used.

S’appuyant sur une approche comparative et historique au niveau de la firme, cette thèse étudie les dynamiques de la réussite économique à long terme de la construction d'avions civils aux Etats-Unis et en Europe. Cette analyse est menée à partir de l’étude d’Airbus et de Boeing qui sont les deux plus grandes firmes du secteur aéronautique au niveau mondial. La thèse identifie les conditions sociales qui influencent les capacités concurrentielles des deux firmes et les pratiques qui jouent un rôle sur l’amélioration ou la dégradation des capacités productives de leur secteur à travers un cadre analytique basé sur les modèles productifs / les modèles d’affaires (productive/business models). Les trois éléments majeurs de l’activité productive au niveau de la firme, à savoir la stratégie d’entreprise, la structure organisationnelle et le degré d’engagement financier sont analysés dans ce cadre appliqué à l’intégration de systèmes. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent qu’il existe une forte corrélation entre la sous-traitance massive, la financiarisation des stratégies d’entreprise et les relations conflictuelles de travail. L’évolution des stratégies d’Airbus et de Boeing et leur influence sur l’amélioration ou la dégradation de leurs capacités productives sont fortement liées aux transformations dans le domaine financier et dans l’organisation productive / les relations industrielles qui caractérisent les économies occidentales depuis les trois dernières décennies. Les conséquences des actions menées par les entreprises sur la promotion de l’emploi dans leur(s) pays d’origine sont questionnées et des implications en termes de stratégies d’entreprise et de politiques publiques sont tirées de cette thèse. / This dissertation analyzes the dynamics of long-term success in commercial aircraft manufacturing in the US and Europe performed through a historical-comparative methodology employed for firm level analysis. The firm-level case studies are Airbus and Boeing, the two biggest firms in the commercial aircraft manufacturing industry. Through an analytical framework concentrated on business/productive models of corporate activity, the study identifies the social conditions that influence the competitive capabilities of these two companies and their practices in upgrading, or downgrading, the productive capabilities of their respective industries. The three main elements of firm-level productive activity under modern capitalism, namely corporate strategy, organizational structure and financial commitment are analyzed through the lens of the systems-integration business/productive model framework. The results of the research show that there is a strong correlation between extensive outsourcing, financialization of business strategies and conflicting employment relations. Distinct constructive and destructive processes of corporate strategies of Airbus and Boeing are strongly linked to the role of the transformations of finance and work organization/industrial relations in the last three decades in Western economies. The consequences of corporate action on the promotion of secure jobs with positive prospects for their respective economies are questioned and relevant implications are drawn for business and government policy.

The objectiv of my work is determined on the basis accessible information from airline and producers acceptable long-range aircreft type. The book of aeronautics, aircraft, aeronautice magazíne and internet webside helped me to write this thesis.

This graduation thesis is about Boeing and Airbus in the International Business. The first part of this thesis describes history, corporate structure of Airbus and Boeing. After that follows the most important target about Project A380 and B 787. In this part there is also analysis of financial performance and Swot analysis.

Conducting single frame orthorectification on satellite images to create an ortho-image requires four basic components, namely an image, a geometric sensor model, elevation data (for example a digital elevation model (DEM)) and ground control points (GCPs). For this study, orthorectification was executed numerous times (in three stages) and each time components were altered to test the geometric accuracy of the resulting ortho-image. Most notably, the distribution and number of ground control points, the quality of the elevation source and the geometric sensor model or lack thereof were altered. Results were analysed through triangulating and comparing the geolocation accuracy of the ortho-images. The application of these different methods to perform orthorectification encompass the aim of this paper, which was to investigate and compare the positional accuracies of ortho-images under various orthorectification scenarios and provide improved geometric accuracies of VHR satellite imagery when diverse ground control and elevation data sources are available. By investigating the influence that the distribution and number of GCPs and the quality of DEMs have on the positional accuracy of an ortho-image, it became clear that a reasonable increase in the number of uniformly distributed GCPs combined with progressively accurate DEMs will ultimately improve the quality of the orthorectified product. The results also showed that when more GCPs were applied, the smaller the difference in accuracy was between the different DEMs utilised. It was interesting to note that when it is suitable to manually collect well-distributed GCPs using a GPS handheld device over the study area then a very accurate result can be expected. Nonetheless, it is also important to note that if it is not possible/practical to achieve the latter, satellite based GCP collection do provide a very good alternative. It was also determined that utilising GCPs which were extracted from vector road layers to only cover specific areas in the image scene produced less favourable results. Several contributions towards improved orthorectification procedures were made in this study. These include the development of an automatic GCP extraction script (A-GCP-ES), written in the Python scripting language with the purpose to ease the process of manually placing GCPs on an input image when repeatedly performing orthorectification. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology / PhD / Unrestricted

The original idea of the thesis was realized to control the electric drive of the rotor with a special feature. Without using a complex mechanism, the angle of each blade of the rotor can be controlled individually. The blades are fixed independently to a permanent magnet and the housing encompassing the rotor contains coils. By powering the coils, the whole rotor turns into a permanent magnet motor and by using a control algorithm, each blade can be separately driven. In the first chapter, the introduction to the main idea of the research project is described along with working principle of rotor blade. The basic concept of blade angle is introduced. The second chapter is the state of Technique. In this chapter, the working principle and basics of permanent magnet synchronous machine and brushless motor with mathematical model is described. Also, space vector pulse width modulation and double acting piezoelectric actuator model for helicopter rotor are explained. The third chapter is the overall description of the initial status of the research project. This part includes the basic principle of the control system, sensorless field-oriented control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). Also, the motor parameters calculated from the python script of motor design are listed in tabular form. The fourth chapter focuses on control strategy implementation. First of all, the criteria for selecting the microcontroller are described. After that, the structure of the program with a flow chart was explained. Also, a short description is mentioned of how space vector pulse width modulation is applied. The main function of the position and speed controller with block diagram is explained. Moreover, back-EMF based observer and EKF-based observer are described. In the fourth chapter, the initial problem of the research project is discussed. To overcome this problem, a set of experiments is carried out. In the last chapter, the result of the experiment with proper explanation is summarized. Further on the future work to solve the problem is listed.