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Le lien et la rupture. Écriture de l’ironie et de l’intime dans l’œuvre de Leopoldo Alas Clarín (1852-1901) / Connection and Rupture. Irony and Intimacy in the Work of Leopoldo Alas Clarín (1852-1901)Fillière, Carole 23 May 2009 (has links)
Cette thèse aspire à renouveler la lecture de l’œuvre de Leopoldo Alas Clarín à partir d’une analyse stylistique de l’intégralité de ses écrits en prose, sans perspective hiérarchique. Elle fait appel aux références culturelles de l’auteur et aux échos internes à son œuvre pour décrire son vitalisme intellectuel. Le style clarinien naît de la combinaison dynamique d’une esthétique ironique et d’une création intime, qui matérialise le contraste entre le lien et la rupture, figures fondatrices de l’œuvre. Les études menées croisent les champs de l’ironie et de l’empathie artistique, communément associées à deux postures disjointes – distance et proximité – et les réunissent dans un regard porté sur le phénomène d’intimité textuelle. Leur objet est de saisir les particularités d’un réalisme complexe qui porte l’empreinte d’une subjectivité créatrice forte et qui cherche à exprimer une vérité humaine mouvante et contrastée. La première partie opère un déplacement conceptuel : l’ironie est conçue comme un mode de représentation et non comme un instrument au service de la satire. Elle construit un système vocal de relations textuelles dans un mouvement intégrateur des emprunts qui manifeste la puissance du démiurge et qui défie le lecteur à partir des failles du langage. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à une écriture qui s’efforce de représenter le sujet intime dans ses défaillances, comme être délié et voix brisée. Le secret intime, en dépit des limites du langage, comporte néanmoins un fond d’espoir et de transcendance déposés dans le lien esthétique, éthique et religieux. L’œuvre clarinien est caractérisé par ses ambivalences : la complexité textuelle naît du contraste entre pouvoir et impuissance, entre spectacularité et secret. / This dissertation aspires to renew the critical interpretation of Leopoldo Alas Clarín’s work through a stylistic analysis of all his prose writings, disregarding hierarchic matters. This new reading is based on the author’s cultural references and the internal echoes in his works in order to describe his intellectual vitality. Clarín’s style arises from the dynamic combination of aesthetics of irony and a creative work on intimacy, that materializes the contrast between connection and rupture, both key elements of his works. This study combines the fields of irony and artistic empathy, usually considered linked to two different positions –distance and proximity–, bringing them together in a single approach using the idea of textual intimacy. It aims at understanding the particularities of a complex realism that has the imprint of a strong creative subjectivity and is eager to express a contrasted human truth. The first part make! s a conceptual displacement in the figure of irony, from a rhetorical device subordinate to satire, to a mode of representation. Irony creates a system of voices and textual relations that integrates quotations, demonstrating the demiurgic power of the author who challenges the reader from within the language. The second part is focused on the way Clarín’s writing represents the inner self and his failures, as a broken being and a broken voice. The intimate secret, despite the limitations of language, reveals the existence of hope and discloses a view of the transcendence of the aesthetic, ethic and religious connection. The Clarín’s works are characterized by their ambiguity: the textual complexity arises from the contrast between power and helplessness, between the spectacular and the secret.
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FONCTION DES COULEURS DANS "LE ROUGE ET LE NOIR" ET "LA REGENTA".SIMON, IRENE. January 1983 (has links)
The subject of our dissertation is the analysis of the function of color and of light and shadow in Le Rouge et le Noir and La Regenta. By function we mean the study of chromatic symbolism in these novels; each being a closed world in which the meaning depends neither on the author's personal existence nor on the external circumstances of the novel. The author then becomes a narrator who likewise only exists in his creation, and the historical circumstances of his era or time can only serve as references if they are explicitly or implicitly mentioned in the work. Colors therefore form a meaningful and coherent system in each work, and the object of our study is thus to explain and to compare the color systems of the two novels in question. There are three distinct functions in the chromatic schemes of Le Rouge et le Noir and La Regenta: an historical function, a social function and a religious function; each of which is analysed respectively in the three chapters of our dissertation. Each function also corresponds to two different reading levels in each novel: an historical and social level, as well as a religious level. The historical and social level, treated in the first two chapters, consists of a diachronic and synchronic study which manifests itself in the affective relationships which the characters maintain with the past, and in their capacity to adapt to both he political regime and to the system of individual and social values of their era. The religious level, treated in the third chapter, consists of an analysis of the importance given to the symbolic figures of Christ and the Virgin Mary in the creation of the characters. This religious symbolism accounts indirectly for each narrator's concept of the function of literature and the power of the book to right an historical situation which seems unacceptable to them. Thus, it is in the relationship between religion and language that one best perceives the narrator's point of view and the ultimate message of his work.
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PLP-Dependent α-Oxoamine Synthases: Phylogenetic Analysis, Structural Plasticity, and Structure-Function Studies on 5-Aminolevulinate SynthaseTurbeville, Tracy D 29 June 2009 (has links)
5-Aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS) and 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase (AONS) are two of four homodimeric members of the alpha-oxoamine synthase family of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. The evolutionary relationships among α-oxoamine synthases representing a broad taxonomic and phylogenetic spectrum have been examined to help identify residues that may regulate substrate specificity.
The structural plasticity of ALAS has been documented in studies of functional circularly permuted ALAS variants and the single polypeptide chain ALAS dimer (ALAS/ALAS) exhibiting a greater turnover number than wild-type ALAS. An examination of the contribution of each ALAS/ALAS active site to the enzymatic activity shows that each active site makes distinct contributions to the steady-state activity of the enzyme. Chimeric ALAS/AONS proteins exhibited an oligomeric structure with two sites having ALAS activity and two sites having AONS activity. Remarkably, the steady-state rates for both the ALAS and AONS activities were lower than that observed in the parent enzymes, while the reactivity of the ALAS sites in ALAS/AONS was similar to that of wild-type ALAS. We propose that the different contribution of each active site to the steady-state activity of ALAS/ALAS and the reduced steady-state activities of the ALAS/AONS chimera, compared to the parent enzymes, relate to different extents of conformational changes associated with product release due to the strain caused with the linking the two ALAS (or ALAS and AONS) subunits. Thus, the extensive plasticity seen in ALAS extends to another member of the α-oxoamine family, AONS.
In the α-oxoamine synthase family a conserved histidine hydrogen bonds with the phenolic oxygen of PLP and may be significant for substrate-binding, PLP-positioning, and maintaining the pKa of the imine nitrogen. The replacement of this conserved histidine, H282, with alanine in murine erythroid ALAS has multiple effects on the spectral, binding, and kinetic properties of the enzyme and supports the conclusion that H282 plays multiple roles in the enzymology of ALAS. Altogether, these results imply that amino acid H282 coordinates the movement of the pyridine ring with the reorganization of the active-site hydrogen bond network and acts as a hydrogen bond donor to the phenolic oxygen to maintain the protonated Schiff base and enhance the electron sink function of the PLP cofactor.
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La bondad y el valor de los niños : Los protagonistas de dos narraciones de Jairo Aníbal Niño desde una perspectiva de géneroKarlqvist, Annika January 2011 (has links)
El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los rasgos de personalidad de los protagonistas de dos novelas infantiles. El corpus de la investigación está formado por las narraciones Zoro y De las Alas Caracolí, del autor colombiano Jairo Aníbal Niño. Las narraciones se desarrollan en ámbitos con aparente armonía, en los cuales, no obstante, los protagonistas infantiles tienen que enfrentarse a personajes codiciosos y violentos. La hipótesis que sustentamos es que todos los niños de los relatos son bondadosos, pero en cuanto a otros rasgos de personalidad, se manifiesta cierta diferencia entre personajes femeninos y masculinos. Los relatos tienen una orientación al argumento, según el cual los personajes son descritos principalmente por sus acciones. Para revelar los rasgos de personalidad expresados implícitamente en los textos, se analiza las narraciones de una manera estructural, con el estudio del discurso, el espacio y de los actantes según el modelo actancial propuesto por A. J. Greimas. Asimismo, se investiga el género, así como ciertos aspectos relacionados con la creación del personaje que son de especial significado en la literatura infantil. La conclusión principal es que tanto la niña como los niños son descritos como muy bondadosos y amables. No obstante, hay diferencias en la conducta de los personajes infantiles en el corpus. De los tres protagonistas en los relatos, los dos niños juegan papeles más activos y destacados en comparación con la niña, que juega un rol más pasivo.
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Diseño aerodinámico del ala delta por el método de los vórtices discretosSoto Torres, César Vladimir 04 August 2023 (has links)
La tesis pretende ser una herramienta de cálculo de coeficientes aerodinámicos y una
forma de optimización aerodinámica del Hang Glider o mejor conocido como, Ala Delta
comparando sus coeficientes aerodinámicos, estabilidad, maniobrabilidad y posición del
centro de gravedad con otros tipos de alas como parámetros de diseño.
Se aplicará el método de vórtices discretos para hallar los coeficientes aerodinámicos de
sustentación, arrastre, momento de balanceo, momento de cabeceo, rendimiento,
distribución de sustentación sobre la envergadura.
Para esto se modelara el ala, tal que se puedan hallar estos coeficientes para cuatro tipos
de alas (Deltas, flecha, rectangular, trapezoidal). Se hará uso de un programa
computacional desarrollado en Borland Pascal 7 llamado ‘Tipo_de_Ala’.
En el segundo capítulo se explicará los métodos alternativos que se pueden usar para
hallar los coeficientes aerodinámicos como son el método de distribución de la circulación
para un alargamiento general, el método de paneles, el método de la línea sustentadora
de Prandtl.
Todos estos métodos tienen sus alcances y consideraciones que se explicaran más
adelante con más detalle.
En el tercer capítulo se explicará el método de vórtices discretos, sus consideraciones y
formulación matemática. Veremos la aplicación en problemas bidimensionales (ala plana)
y tridimensionales, en ambos casos en el régimen de flujo estacionario y algunos alcances
fundamentales en el régimen no estacionario.
En el cuarto capitulo se explicara el modelamiento geométrico del ala y el modelamiento
matemático para hallar los coeficientes aerodinámicos del programa
‘Tipo_de_Ala’.Veremos también la forma como ingresar los datos al programa
mencionado.
En el quinto capitulo se procederá a hallar los coeficientes aerodinámicos para diferentes
casos como la influencia del estrechamiento o alargamiento del ala.
Se presentarán graficas de coeficientes de: Sustentación vs Angulo de incidente, Arrastre
vs Angulo de incidencia, Momento de cabeceo vs Sustentación, Momento de balanceo vs
Sustentación, Sustentación vs Arrastre, Rendimiento Aerodinámico vs Angulo de
Incidencia, Distribución de Sustentación vs Envergadura.
Se hallará los coeficientes aerodinámicos para una ala delta típica y lo compararemos con
diferentes alas tipo flecha con y sin estrechamiento, viendo cual nos conviene
aerodinámicamente. Mencionaremos las observaciones de las graficas ya mencionadas
anteriormente sacando algunas observaciones importantes.
En el sexto capitulo presento las conclusiones a las observaciones de las comparaciones
que se hicieron de las graficas del capitulo quinto.
En el anexo A se vera un resumen teórico que involucra la mecánica de fluidos en el
régimen de flujo externo, incompresible, no viscoso, estacionario. Veremos lo que es la
definición de vórtices, capa limite, parámetros geométricos del ala, definición de perfil y
nomenclatura NACA, fuerzas que actúan en una vehículo que vuela a régimen subsónico
como es nuestro caso En el Anexo B tendremos el programa ‘Tipo_de_Ala’ desarrollado en el lenguaje Borland
Pascal 7 con sus procedimientos, funciones definidas y la forma de aplicación de las
funciones y procedimientos en la salida en pantalla.
En el anexo C tendremos diferentes tipos de Hang Gliders que existen en el mercado, sus
características de fineza, envergadura, alargamiento, área requerida como los materiales
usados en su construcción.
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GaAs/AlAs ASPAT diodes for millimetre and sub-millimetre wave applicationsAbdullah, Mohd January 2018 (has links)
The Asymmetric Spacer layer Tunnel (ASPAT) diode is a new diode invented in the early 90s as an alternative to the Schottky barrier diode (SBD) technology for microwave detector applications due to its highly stable temperature characteristics. The ASPAT features a strong non-linear I-V characteristic as a result of tunnelling through a thin barrier, which enables RF detection at zero bias from microwaves up to submillimetre wave frequencies. In this work, two heavily doped GaAs contact layer on top and bottom layers adjacent to lightly doped GaAs intermediate layers, enclose undoped GaAs spacers with different lengths sandwiching an undoped AlAs layer that acts as a tunnel barrier. The ultimate ambition of this work was to develop a MMIC detector as well as a frequency source based on optimized ASPAT diodes for millimetre wave (100GHz) applications. The effect of material parameter and dimensions on the ASPAT source performances was described using an empirical model for the first time. Since this is a new device, keys challenges in this work were to improve DC and RF characteristic as well as to develop a repeatable, reproducible, and ultimately manufacturable fabrication process flow. This was investigated using two approaches namely air-bridge and dielectric-bridge fabrication process flows. Through this work, it was found that the GaAs/AlAs heterostructures ASPAT diode are more amenable to the dielectric-bridge technique as large-scale fabrication of mesa area up to 4Ã4Âμm2 with device yields exceeding 80% routinely produced. The fabrication of the ASPAT using i-line optical lithography which has the capability to reduce emitter area to 4Ã4Âμm2 to lower down the device capacitance for millimetre wave application has been made feasible in this work. The former challenge was extensively studied through materials and structural characterisations by a SILVACO physical modelling and confirmed by comparison with experimental data. The I-V characteristic of the fabricated ASPAT demonstrated outstanding scalability, demonstrating robust processing. A fair comparison has been made between ASPAT and SBD fabricated in-house; indicating ASPAT is extremely stable to the temperature. The RF characterisations were carried out with the aid of Keysight ADS software. The DC characteristic from fabricated GaAs/AlAs ASPAT diodes were absorbed into an ADS simulation tool and utilized to demonstrate the performance of MMIC 100GHz detector as well as 20GHz/40GHz signal generators. Zero bias ASPAT with mesa area of 4Ã4Âμm2 with video resistance of 90KΩ, junction capacitance of 23fF and curvature coefficient of 23V-1 has demonstrated detector voltage sensitivity above 2000V/W, while the signal source conversion loss and conversion efficiency are 28dB and 0.3% respectively. An estimate noise equivalent power (NEP) for this particular device is 18.8pW/Hz1/2.
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Micro- and Nano-Raman Characterization of Organic and Inorganic MaterialsSheremet, Evgeniya 26 November 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Die Raman-Spektroskopie ist eine der nützlichsten optischen Methoden zur Untersuchung der Phononen organischer und anorganischer Materialien. Mit der fortschreitenden Miniaturisierung von elektronischen Bauelementen und der damit einhergehenden Verkleinerung der Strukturen von der Mikrometer- zur Nanometerskala nehmen das Streuvolumen und somit auch das Raman-Signal drastisch ab. Daher werden neue Herangehensweisen benötigt um sie mit optischer Spektroskopie zu untersuchen. Ein häufig genutzter Ansatz um die Signalintensität zu erhöhen ist die Verwendung von Resonanz-Raman-Streuung, das heißt dass die Anregungsenergie an die Energie eines optischen Überganges in der Struktur angepasst wird. In dieser Arbeit wurden InAs/Al(Ga)As-basierte Multilagen mit einer Periodizität unterhalb des Beugungslimits mittels Resonanz-Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie und Raster-Kraft-Mikroskopie (AFM) den jeweiligen Schichten zugeordnet.
Ein effizienterer Weg um die Raman-Sensitivität zu erhöhen ist die Verwendung der oberflächenverstärkten Raman-Streuung (SERS). Sie beruht hauptsächlich auf der Verstärkung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung aufgrund von lokalisierten Oberflächenplasmonenresonanzen in Metallnanostrukturen.
Beide oben genannten Signalverstärkungsmethoden wurden in dieser Arbeit zur oberflächenverstärkten Resonanz-Raman-Streuung kombiniert um geringe Mengen organischer und anorganischer Materialien (ultradünne Cobalt-Phthalocyanin-Schichten (CoPc), CuS und CdSe Nanokristalle) zu untersuchen. Damit wurden in beiden Fällen Verstärkungsfaktoren in der Größenordnung 103 bis 104 erreicht, wobei bewiesen werden konnte, dass der dominante Verstärkungsmechanismus die elektromagnetische Verstärkung ist.
Spitzenverstärkte Raman-Spektroskopie (TERS) ist ein Spezialfall von SERS, bei dem das Auflösungsvermögen von Licht unterschritten werden kann, was zu einer drastischen Verbesserung der lateralen Auflösung gegenüber der konventionellen Mikro-Raman-Spektroskopie führt. Dies konnte mit Hilfe einer Spitze erreicht werden, die als einzelner plasmonischer Streuer wirkt. Dabei wird die Spitze in einer kontrollierten Weise gegenüber der Probe bewegt. Die Anwendung von TERS erforderte zunächst die Entwicklung und Optimierung eines AFM-basierten TERS-Aufbaus und TERS-aktiver Spitzen, welche Gegenstand dieser Arbeit war. TERS-Bilder mit Auflösungen unter 15 nm konnten auf einer Testprobe mit kohlenstoffhaltigen Verbindungen realisiert werden. Die TERS-Verstärkung und ihre Abhängigkeit vom Substratmaterial, der Substratmorphologie sowie der AFM-Betriebsart wurden anhand der CoPc-Schichten, die auf nanostrukturierten Goldsubstraten abgeschieden wurden, evaluiert. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass die hohe örtliche Auflösung der TERS-Verstärkung die selektive Detektion des Signals weniger CdSe-Nanokristalle möglich macht.
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Estudio experimental del rasante en vigas en T de hormigón armado reforzado con fibras de aceroLópez Juárez, José Antonio 26 September 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth and Enhancement of Device Stability for Characterizing Mesoscopic Physics in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructuresShuang Liang (19193335) 25 July 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Improvement in state-of-the-art molecular beam epitaxy has led to the growth of ultra-high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. Two-dimensional electron systems in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures have provided a platform for investigating numerous phenomena in condensed matter physics.</p><p dir="ltr">In Chapter 2, we study low-frequency charge noise in shallow GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures using quantum point contacts as charge sensors. We observe that devices with an Al$_2$O$_33$ dielectric between the metal gates and semiconductor exhibit significantly lower charge noise than devices with only Schottky gates and no dielectric. The improvement in device stability allows the application of shallow structures for spin qubit projects, making gate potential sharply defined.</p><p dir="ltr">In Chapter 3, we investigated the impact of edge-edge interaction on an electronic Fabry-P\'erot interferometer in the quantum Hall regime. Recently, experimental observations of periodicity $\phi_0/2$ in the integer</p><p dir="ltr">quantum Hall regime has been attributed to an exotic electron pairing mechanism. We present measurements of a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer operated in the integer quantum Hall regime at filling factor $1\leq \nu \leq 3$. Like previous experimental reports, under specific conditions we observe oscillations with flux periodicity $\phi_{0}/2$. However, our data and analysis indicate that period-halving is not driven by electron pairing, as has previously been claimed in the literature, but rather, is the result of electrostatic coupling between multiple independent edge modes.</p><p dir="ltr">In Chapter 4, we demonstrated our attempts in realizing stable {\it in-situ} gating for probing the possible non-Abelian state $\nu=5/2$. Utilizing a trench gate technique on a doped AlGaAs sample exhibits reasonable gating in a standard experiment time scale. Introducing AlAs screening wells further enhances the stability; it also significantly improves the coherence of interference at both integer and fractional states. In the future work section, we propose possible heterostructure modifications to improve contact performance, 2DEG quality, and the coherence of the interference.</p>
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ADVANCED CMOS AND QUANTUM TUNNELING DIODES: MATERIALS, EXPERIMENT AND MODELINGFakhimi, Parastou 28 August 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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