Orientador: Antonio Carlos Vitte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T20:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silveira_RoberisonWittgensteinDiasda_M.pdf: 1468779 bytes, checksum: 40fc5760f4a36c7140e5094d58c33157 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A dissertação de mestrado que apresentamos toma forma na análise da Gênese da Geografia Moderna a partir dos conceitos de espaço, natureza e morfologia. Estes conceitos, fundamentais na construção do saber geográfico moderno em Alexander von Humboldt, remetem a um itinerário científico-filosófico-artístico ligado à filosofia Crítica kantiana e ao movimento romântico alemão. Em Kant destacamos como o espaço a priori da Crítica da Razão Pura se atrela à delimitação de um campo válido de análise para as ciências, a esfera dos fenômenos. Na mesma medida, apresentamos ainda com a Primeira Crítica (CRP) e com os Primeiros Princípios Metafísicos da Ciência da Natureza a base filosófica sobre a qual se estruturam as ciências naturais, desenvolvendo-se livremente sob um domínio pragmático e em busca de objetivos claros e definidos, não mais a verdade elementar e última; contexto no qual emerge uma Geografia Moderna. Ainda em Kant, a Crítica da Faculdade de Julgar coloca, antecedida pela questão do organismo, a matéria sob a qual tomará forma uma concepção teleológica de natureza. Esta natureza com um fim independente da razão adentra no universo romântico e é retrabalhada de muitas maneiras, interessando-nos, sobretudo, as levadas a cabo por Goethe e Schelling. A natureza em Goethe está ligada ao ideal na produção-reprodução pela forma. A síntese na forma é a medida deste processo, a manifestação no instante daquilo que se dispõe numa dinâmica contínua, a relação indissociável entre todo e partes numa perspectiva metamórfica. Em Schelling esta natureza é tomada como um termo real em sua idealidade, ou seja, supera a perspectiva simplesmente negativa do não-eu fichtiano, aparecendo em seu sentido teleológico numa relação sintética com o espírito. A medida dessa união, a ligação em síntese entre espírito e natureza é a chave explicativa para o papel da subjetividade na objetividade, uma ligação entre aquele que é passivo e ativo na captação da cena pela perspectiva intuitiva. O ideal da natureza, este que liga tudo no universo é a força vital em Humboldt; é o permear na esfera orgânica e inorgânica de uma atividade integradora, inseparável. Por fim, o movimento romântico, nele incluídos Goethe e Schelling, corrobora uma perspectiva de arte que deve ser incorporada na tarefa maior de conhecer não só intelectualmente, mas também esteticamente. A arte aparece como elemento maior de manifestação objetiva da síntese entre espírito e natureza, aquilo, enfim, que é o máximo de representação da realidade e, como tal, o ponto mais elevado atingido pelo saber que, a um tempo, também é ser o que se pretende conhecido. A Geografia surge como ciência moderna na confluência filosófica deste múltiplo legado científico-artístico-filosófico pela incorporação humboldtiana dos conceitos de espaço, natureza e morfologia. A maneira e o contexto particular em que toma forma a ciência geográfica é ponto de notado interesse para a produção de um conhecimento científico que, a todo instante, dialoga com sua história e, na leitura que propomos, também com a Filosofia. / Abstract: The master's degree dissertation that we presented takes form in the analysis of Genesis of the Modern Geography starting from the space concepts, nature and morphology. These concepts, elemental in the construction of the modern geographical knowledge in Alexander von Humboldt, it send to a linked scientific-philosophical-artistic itinerary to the philosophy Critical kantiana and the German romantic movement. In Kant highlighted as the space a priori of the Critic of the Pure Reason it is harnessed to the delimitation of a valid field of analysis for the sciences, the sphere of the phenomena. Equally, we still presented with the First Critic (CRP) and with the First Metaphysical Beginnings of the Science of the Nature the philosophical base on which the natural science are structured, growing freely under a pragmatic domain and in search of clear and defined objectives, no more the elementary and last truth; context in which a Modern Geography emerges. Still in Kant, the Critic of Judging puts, preceded by the subject of the organism, the matter under which will take form a conception teleological nature. This nature with an independent end of the reason penetrates in the romantic universe and it is worked of many sort things out, being interested, excessively, carried out them for Goethe and Schelling. The nature in Goethe is linked to the ideal in production-reproduction for the form. The synthesis in the form is the measure of this process, the manifestation in the instant of that that is disposed in a continuous dynamics, the relationship unseparate between whole and parts in a metamorphic perspective. In Schelling this nature is taken as a real term in ideal, in other words, it overcomes the perspective simply negative of the "no-me" fichtiano, appearing in sense teleological in a synthetic relationship with the spirit. The measure of that union, the connection in synthesis between spirit and nature is the explanatory key for the paper of the subjectivity in the objectivity, a connection among who that is passive and assets in the reception of the scene for the intuitive perspective. The ideal of the nature, this that ties everything in the universe is the vital force in Humboldt; it is permeating in the organic and inorganic sphere of an activity integrate, inseparable. Finally, the romantic movement, in him included Goethe and Schelling, it corroborates an art perspective that should be incorporate in the larger task of knowing not only intellectually, but also esthetically. The art appears as larger element of manifestation aims at of the synthesis between spirit and nature, that, finally, that is the maximum of representation of the reality and, as such, the highest point reached by the knowledge that, at a time, it is also to be that is intended known. The Geography appears as modern science in the philosophical confluence of this multiple scientific-artistic-philosophical legacy for the incorporation humboldtiana of the space concepts, nature and morphology. The way and the private context in that takes form the geographical science is point of having noticed interest for the production of a scientific knowledge that, every minute, dialogues with its history and, in the reading that we propose, also with the Philosophy. / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_t_dr_prud.pdf: 1833394 bytes, checksum: f15b58808366e115e594d8f49d673627 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Partimos da tese que o romantismo germânico influenciou, decisivamente, a reelaboração das ciências humanas, neste caso, estudamos especificamente a ciência geográfica e sua constituição a partir do século XIX. Para isso compreendemos o juízo estético como fundamental para entender o desdobramento do romantismo germânico, já que defendemos que a estética romântica germânica, influenciada por Kant, proporcionou o desenvolvimento da ciência geográfica antecedida pela paisagem. Neste sentido a compreensão da paisagem do século XIX foi precedida pelos ideais românticos e se firmou, naquele momento, enquanto categoria estética-geográfica; assim, posteriormente, possibilitou o desenvolvimento das ciências da natureza e das ciências humanas, o que resultou na Geografia. Um dos primeiros interlocutores entre o romantismo, as ciências humanas e as ciências da natureza foi Humboldt que baseou suas observações também nos elementos estéticos para a natureza, daí a importância em verificarmos a relação estética na Geografia a partir de Kant, Schelling, Fichte, e Goethe para compreendermos as relações conceituais que compõe a paisagem do século XIX e o desenvolvimento da Geografia / This research studies as the Germanic romanticism influenced decisively the reworking of the humanities in this case specifically studied geographical science and its formation from the nineteenth century. To understand this aesthetic judgment as fundamental to understanding the unfolding of Germanic Romanticism, as we argue that the Germanic Romantic style, influenced by Kant, enabled the development of geographical science preceded by the landscape. In order to understand the landscape of the nineteenth century was preceded by romantic ideals and established himself at that moment as an aesthetic category, geographical, so subsequently enabled the development of natural science and humanities, which resulted in Geography. One of the first contact between the romanticism of humanities and natural science was Humboldt who based his observations on the aesthetics for nature, hence the importance to verify the relationship between aesthetics in geography from Kant, Schelling, Fichte, and Goethe to understand the relationships of the concepts that comprise the landscape of the nineteenth century and the development of geography

Die Unterschiede zwischen der Klavierfassung von Zemlinskys Opus 13 Nr. 1 nach einem Gedicht Maurice Maeterlincks und der Fassung für Orchester sind darauf zurückführbar, dass der Komponist in extremer Weise auf die klangfarblichen und ästhetischen Ansprüche der jeweiligen Genres reagiert. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Eigenschaften des Orchestersatzes ein emphatisches Gattungsverständnis transportieren. Mit seiner Orchestration gehört das Lied einer Gattung an, die, als die Lieder Nr. 1–4 des Zyklus’ in dem ›Wiener Skandalkonzert‹ 1913 uraufgeführt wurden, auf der Höhe der Zeit stand. Nach 1918, mit den in ihrer Existenz bedrohten Riesenorchestern der Vorkriegszeit, ging das ästhetische Interesse an Orchesterliedern mehr und mehr verloren (vgl. Bork 2004). Zemlinsky vertrat mit der Orchesterfassung dezidiert die Position symbolistischen Komponierens am Fin de Siècle. Bevor Ähnliches in Besetzungen der Wiener Schule üblich wurde, fügte er der gewöhnlichen Orchesterbesetzung Instrumente wie das Harmonium und das Klavier hinzu. Mit der Harfe bilden diese einen eigenen Strang akkordfähiger Orchesterinstrumente. Dieser Strang offeriert drei unterschiedliche Einzelfarben und drei Weisen ihrer Kombination: Sämtliche oder je zwei von ihnen lassen sich verbinden. Die Koloristik bietet neue dramaturgische Möglichkeiten. Die drei Orte des Textes – Wald, Meer und Stadt – werden als drei Zeiten gefärbt: Mit jeweils anderem Instrumentarium schreibt Zemlinsky der Zukunft eine relative Nähe, der Vergangenheit Ferne und der Gegenwart vieldeutigen Rausch zu. Untersucht werden im Detail die Begleittexturen, die Zemlinsky für die Orchesterfassung des Liedes neu erfand, warum er Abschnitte der Singstimme oktavierte und ergänzte und welchen Sinn die mehrtaktigen Passagen erzeugen, die er hinzufügte. So vermittelt das neue Vorspiel mit den leeren Flageoletten der hohen Streicher eine Ahnung davon, wie exquisit der Tod ist, dem Maeterlincks drei Schwestern zustreben. / The differences between the piano version of Zemlinsky’s Opus 13 No. 1, based on a poem by Maurice Maeterlinck, and the orchestral version can be traced back to the fact that the composer responded in an extreme way to the timbral and aesthetic demands of the respective genres. This contribution examines which properties of the orchestral set convey an emphatic understanding of the genre. With its orchestration, the song belongs to a genre which was at its peak as the songs nos. 1–4 of the cycle were premiered in ›Vienna’s Skandalkonzert‹ in 1913 but lost its aesthetic interests with the existence of gigantic orchestras of the pre-war period after 1918 being at stake (cf. Bork 2004). Zemlinsky, with his orchestral composition, determined the position of symbolistic composing at fin-de-siècle. Before similar things even became customary in the orchestral settings of the Viennese school, he added the usual scoring instruments such as the harmonium and the piano. With the harp, they form an individual strand of orchestral instruments capable of playing chords. This strand offers three different individual colors and three modes of their combination: all or two of them can be connected. The colorfulness offers new dramatic possibilities. Three places in the text – the forest, the sea and the city – are colored as three times: with different settings in each case, Zemlinsky gives the future a relative closeness, the past a distance, and the present an ambiguous intoxication. This paper will explore in detail the accompaniment textures, which Zemlinsky reinvented for the orchestral version of the song: specifically, why he octavated and supplemented some sections of the singing voice and what the sense is of the multiple bars of passages he added. Thus, the new prelude with the empty harmonics of the high strings conveys an inkling of how exquisite death is to which Maeterlinck’s three sisters strive.

Roger Paulin, einer der besten Kenner der europäischen Literatur des 18. Jahrhunderts, bereitet die erste neuere Biographie zu August Wilhelm Schlegel vor. Die Grundlage dafür ist der Nachlass Schlegels, der sich im Bestand der Handschriftenabteilung der SLUB Dresden befindet.

Le roman de César Aira, l'un des plus grands écrivains argentins actuels, Un episodio en la vida del pintor viajero (Un épisode dans la vie du peintre voyageur), publié en 2000 en Argentine et traduit en français en 2001, constitue le fil conducteur de notre recherche. Dans cette fiction inspirée d'un fait réel, Aira raconte le premier voyage en Argentine de Johann Moritz Rugendas, peintre romantique allemand de la première partie du XIXe siècle, qui sillonna l'Amérique latine durant vingt ans et rapporta de ses voyages des milliers de dessins et de peintures. Inspiré par les théories du savant Alexandre de Humboldt, et en particulier par la pensée de la « physionomie de la nature », Rugendas fit également partie de ces artistes naturalistes dont l'art servit la science. En 1838, accompagné du peintre Robert Krause, il traversa les Andes puis la pampa argentine, mais il fut victime d'une grave chute de cheval avant d'arriver à San Luis. Durant le trajet de retour vers le Chili, il aurait approché les Indiens de la région du sud de Mendoza. C'est cet épisode de la vie de Rugendas que Aira relate, à sa façon. La première partie de cette thèse consiste en l'analyse littéraire approfondie du roman, à travers ses différentes thématiques. Parmi celles-ci, figurent l'art en voyage, les liens entre écriture et peinture, art et science, la perception de la beauté et de la laideur. Ce périple fait d'épreuves et de découvertes se révèle être finalement un véritable voyage initiatique pour l'artiste. Dans la deuxième partie, nous adoptons un point de vue historique pour confronter le roman aux faits vécus, tels qu'ils sont racontés dans les biographies de Rugendas ou dans les témoignages de ses contemporains, et réfléchissons à la dialectique entre fiction et réalité. Tout cela nous amène à réfléchir, dans une troisième partie, à l'activité de peintre voyageur. Nous retraçons l'itinéraire des deux artistes en mettant en parallèle les peintures de Rugendas et le récit de Krause, puis nous nous intéressons à chacune des caractéristiques de la pratique de l'art en voyage à travers les expériences de ces deux peintres mais aussi à travers celles d'autres artistes ayant voyagé en Amérique latine au XIXe siècle, tels Léon Pallière, Auguste Borget ou Raymond Monvoisin par exemple, et les peintres de l'école artistique humboldtienne. Cette thèse, qui allie littérature, histoire de l'art et esthétique, est à vocation pluridisciplinaire. / This research is focused on the novel Un episodio en la vida del pintor viajero (An Episode in the Life of a Landscape Painter), by César Aira, one of the greatest contemporary Argentine writers. In this novel published in 2000, and translated to french in 2001, Aira relates Johan Moritz Rugendas'first trip to Argentina. Rugendas was a German romantic painter of the first part of the nineteenth century who travelled throughout Latin America during twenty years and made thousands of paintings and drawings. Inspired from Alexander von Humboldt's theories, and more precisely from "the physiognomy of nature", Rugendas was also a naturalist artist and his art could help science. In 1838, he crossed the Andes and the Argentinian pampa with another painter, Robert Krause, but he suffered a fall horse before arriving to San Luis. During the return trip to Chile, he is said to have approached the Indians near Mendoza. This episode of Rugendas' life is the one Aira relates, his own way. The first part of this thesis aims to deeply analyze the novel, through its different themes. Among them are the links between art and travel, writing and painting, art and science, the perception of beauty and ugliness. This trip made of pain and discoveries turns out to be a real initiatory journey for the artist. In the second part, I adopt an historical point of view, comparing the novel with the events related in biographies of Rugendas and in contemporary accounts, and reflecting about the dialectic between fiction and reality. All this leads me to think about the activity of traveller painter, in the third part. I first reconstitute the trip route of the two artists, drawing a parallel between the paintings of Rugendas and the narration of Krause, then I consider each characteristic of the occupation of traveller painter through the experience of these artists and other painters who travelled through Latin America in the nineteenth century, such as Léon Pallière, Auguste Borget or Raymond Monvoisin for instance, and the painters inspired from Humboldt's theories. This thesis, which deals with literature, history of art and aesthetics, is an interdisciplinary research.

Diese Dissertationsschrift ist angesiedelt im Bereich Digitaler Edition archivalischer Quellen, deren Erschließung und (computergestützter) Analyse. Im Zentrum stehen die sog. Kosmos-Vorträge, die Alexander von Humboldts 1827/28 in zwei Vortragszyklen in Berlin gehalten hat. Diese werden als gleichwertige, zweifache Publikationen in Humboldts Werkbiographie eingeordnet. In einem zentralen Kapitel (Kap. 7) geht es mir um eine editionstheoretische Fundierung der Edition von Vorlesungsnachschriften, zunächst allgemein und dann bezogen auf die Nachschriften der Kosmos-Vorträge. Zuvor wird das Forschungsfeld beleuchtet, da über die Rahmenbedingungen und Inhalte der beiden Vortragsreihen bislang nur wenig bekannt war. Humboldts Motivation zu diesen Vorträgen, deren Zusammenhang mit dem Kosmos (1845–62) und weiteren seiner Publikationen, sowie die jeweiligen organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen werden untersucht. Inhaltlich sind die Kosmos-Vorträge bislang wenig erforscht worden, unter anderem weil die wichtigsten Quellen nicht rezipiert wurden. Dank der Digitalisierung des Humboldt-Nachlasses und vor allem durch die Digitale Edition der Nachschriften aus dem Hörerkreis sind die Voraussetzungen dafür mittlerweile sehr viel besser. Um die künftige Arbeit mit diesen Dokumenten zu unterstützen, dokumentiere und reflektiere ich in Kapitel 8 die praktische Umsetzung des Editionsmodells gemäß den Richtlinien der Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). Anschließend stelle ich die edierten Nachschriften aus beiden Vortragszyklen vor und zeige, wie sich mit den digitalen Volltexten arbeiten lässt. Dabei kommen quantitative Untersuchungen und Verfahren wie automatische Kollation bzw. Plagiatssuche, aber auch ‚traditionell hermeneutische‘ Methoden zum Einsatz. Schließlich geht es mir in meiner Arbeit darum, die Grundlage für die weitere Erforschung der beiden Vortragsreihen wesentlich zu verbessern und anhand einiger exemplarischer Analysen erste Schritte in diese Richtung zu unternehmen. / This dissertation is located in the field of digital editions of archival sources, their exploration and (computer-assisted) analysis. In terms of content, it deals with the so-called Kosmos-Lectures, which Alexander von Humboldt held in two distinct courses in Berlin in the winter of 1827/28. The two series are recognised as two distinct publications of equal value in Humboldt’s oeuvre. In a central chapter (chapter 7), I am concerned with an edition-theoretical foundation for the edition of attendee’s notebooks, first in general and then in relation to the transcripts of the Kosmos-Lectures. Before this, the research field of the long-neglected Kosmos-Lectures is illuminated, as little has been known about the framework conditions of the lecture series. Humboldt’s motivation for these lectures, their connection with the Kosmos (1845–62) and other of his publications, and the respective organisational framework of the courses are being examined. In terms of content, the Kosmos-Lectures have so far been little researched, partly because the most important sources have not been taken into consideration. The conditions for this are now much better thanks to the digitisation of the Humboldt legacy collection and, above all, the digital edition of the transcripts from the audience. To facilitate future work with these documents, I document and reflect the practical implementation of the edition model according to the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) in chapter 8. In the following two chapters, I present the attendee’s notebooks from both courses, and show how to work with these digital full texts. Quantitative investigations and methods such as automatic collation or text re-use detection, but also ‘traditional hermeneutic’ approaches are used. Ultimately, my work aims to significantly improve the basis for research into the two lecture series, which has so far been lacking, and to take the first steps in this direction by means of some exemplary analyses.