The agroforestry practice of establishing shelterbelts and/or windbreaks composed of tree and shrub species that include buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea Nutt.), caragana (Caragana arborescens Lam.) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is widespread within Saskatchewan. Shelterbelts play major roles in reducing wind speed, trapping snow, improving land-use efficiency and increasing economic returns. However, the practice of alley cropping within Saskatchewan is not popular. Also, apart from the protective roles the tree species offer in shelterbelts, some species have atmospheric nitrogen (N2)-fixation capabilities through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) that are potentially important. The simultaneous integration of trees and crops on the same land management unit may lead to competition between crops and trees for growth resources such as nutrients, soil moisture and incoming radiation, the latter leading to limited access of light for understory crops. Understanding the contributions of the trees in supplying nitrogen (N) through BNF and in modifying microclimatic conditions in the alleyways would generate information needed to know their impacts on yield and nutrition of associated crops. In order to assess the contribution of the tree species in supplying N and minimizing interspecific competition while maximizing the benefits of tree-based intercropping systems, the thesis quantified the BNF capabilities of each species under greenhouse conditions using 15N dilution techniques and assessed how much of the fixed N2 is transferred to associated triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) under field conditions. Growth and yield of oats was also studied by measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil moisture in a Manitoba maple (Acer negundo var. negundo L.) -oats alley cropping system at Indian Head, SK. The BNF results showed that each of the test species fixes a substantial amount of N and there was a high transfer of N to associated triticale and oats. Results from the interspecific interaction study also showed that soil moisture was the primary factor affecting oats yields followed by light, with the south-lying oat plants affected more than north-lying. It can be concluded that alley cropping systems can be a practical and beneficial agroforestry practice within Saskatchewan. However, the distance between tree rows should be wide enough to permit farm machinery operations.

Through architectural design, this investigation explores a strategy for defining the back alley as a new place of community and dwelling. The study considers ideas to design living spaces that offer amenities in a compact form as well as the creation of meaningful public and private spaces within the context of existing Calgary, Alberta, Canada neighborhoods. This thesis examines and evaluates ideas for the adaptation of patterns of existing communities to allow an increase in density to accommodate a diverse scope of families, life styles, income quintiles and utilization. The focus of the study is on small units of incremental change at a scale which can be undertaken by the individual homeowner or contractor. This study believes that it is in this spectrum that some of the most powerful and effective changes can be made in the urban fabric.

Factors that cause the development of fungal diseases is not only the state of health of trees but also their age, environment and last but not least, maintenance and care of trees. This thesis evaluates the impact of different levels and modes of damage to trees on the development of fungal diseases. Since the Highlands Region second richest in the alley, was chosen specifically Jihlavsko. This thesis consists of two parts. The first one describes the history of the alley, the importance and functions, their legislative security and characteristic alley harmful factors, including fungal diseases. The second part focuses on the specific model alley, where they are identified specific problems. Based on an evaluation of all aspects of the individual alleys a proposal to the preservation and restoration of these alleys.

Estudo sobre a possibilidade de revisão do contrato aleatório por superveniente onerosidade excessiva de uma das partes contratantes em virtude de acontecimentos extraordinários e imprevisíveis. Mesmo diante de um posicionamento vacilante de vários teóricos a respeito desse tema, a tendência é a plena possibilidade da revisão e até mesmo a extinção do contrato aleatório por conta da superveniente e imprevista onerosidade excessiva ocorrida no curso do cumprimento da avença, à luz das modernas diretrizes do Direito Civil, sobretudo se considerada a necessidade de adequação do direito positivo às soluções que melhor se amoldem à estabilização das relações contratuais, de modo a evitar o desequilíbrio além da âlea contratada. De um ponto de vista criterioso, é plenamente possível prever situações que, no contrato aleatório, permitam e justifiquem evitar a perpetuação do ônus excessivo e nocivo imposto a uma das partes contratantes em razão de indesejáveis e imprevisíveis eventos supervenientes. / Study on the possibility of aleatory contract review for impracticability or supervening excessive burden of a contracting party by virtue of extraordinary and unpredictable events. Even with an unsteady position of many theorists on this subject, the tendency is the full possibility of review and even the resolution of aleatory contract due to the supervening excessive burden or impracticability occurred in the course of fulfillment of the covenant, according to the guidelines of the modern civil law, especially when considering the need to adapt the positive law to the right solutions that are best conformed to the stabilization of contractual relations, in order to avoid the imbalance beyond the contracted alley. In an insightful perspective, it is fully possible to foresee situations that permit and justify, in an aleatory contract, to avoid the perpetuation of excessive and harmful burden imposed on a contracting party by reason ofthe occuffence of unwanted and unpredictable events.

No description available.

The site chosen for this thesis project is located in downtown Blacksburg, Virginia. It consists of a 30'­x110' infill lot and an alley running parallel to it. An initial desire to blur the boundary between the alley and the proposed building led to a study of the potential of parallel planes overlapped along the shared border. Representation of these planes in two dimensions allowed almost simultaneous perceptions of multiple spatial and geometrical configurations among them. The architectural consequences of this phenomenon became the main subject of inquiry. Exploration through silkscreen prints and model studies culminated in the design of an outdoor art gallery. / Master of Architecture

Washington, D.C. is a city that is designed to serve an entire nation; yet, as a result of this, its own history and people can seem to be lost in the shadow of the federal city. With an abundance of museums throughout the city, the museum that is needed, but no longer exists, is one for the District itself. This omissionleaves a tremendous gap in historical knowledge and no representation focused on the character of the city itself. How can we fulfill this need in a way that is unique to this specific city and would provide more than an exhibit by allowing people to be surrounded by and contribute to the accumulated evolution of their history? Adaptive reuse encourages the gradual unearthing of historical inspiration, which allows representation of existing and past local populations. For my thesis, I sought to fulfill this need by turning to the existing fabric of the city, learning from it, and eventually employing adaptive reuse techniques to unify the existing framework with the new program. / Master of Architecture / In a city such as Washington, D.C., which is filled with history and which focuses on historical knowledge and representation, the history and fabric of the city itself can seem to be overshadowed. By looking at the existing character of D.C. and its architecture as the foundation and using adaptive reuse techniques, the neighborhoods could be brought to the forefront and the true backbone of D.C. could shine. This would better represent a city that has been much more than a tourist attraction, but a home, and thus represent the people who have created this rich history. The people within the District need an outlet to regain ownership of their history, create a place to learn about their city, and share what makes the larger District so unique. For my thesis, I sought to explore this history and provide this outlet by repurposing an existing building within the city.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-22T15:27:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Andre Luiz Oliveira Cirqueira.pdf: 2107082 bytes, checksum: 332d5419e8942ce8ee1ccd478e906c34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T15:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Andre Luiz Oliveira Cirqueira.pdf: 2107082 bytes, checksum: 332d5419e8942ce8ee1ccd478e906c34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / Tropical flower production has growing in Brazil, mostly by the recent interest of flower consumers on products with exotic shapes, vibrant colors and high durability. These flowers, not usual in Brazil, are still produced on low scale. Production systems have not been intensively exploited, as well as basic studies with the various varieties and species have not been conducted. Production systems that combine economic feasibility with low environmental impact should de developed for this plant group, since they adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, including shade. Environment adaptation studies combined with mineral nutrition studies are necessary to understand and improve integrated tropical flower production, using other pla nt species under various environmental conditions. Alley cropping, used on this study, is an example of such integration. This research evaluated the performance of hybrid heliconia Golden Torch (Heliconia psittacorum L x Heliconia spathocircinada Aristigueta) under alley cropping with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and Flemingia macrophylla and a control treatment. Two rates of thermophosphate (Yorin Master 1) ? with or without, were combined to the previous treatments. The experiment was conducted at the Crop Science Department of Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. The experimental design was a split plot in complete randomized design. Lower heliconia mortality occurred on alleys formed by Cajanus cajan. Phosphate addition did not affect mortality. Higher yields of heliconia flowers were observed on Flemingia macrophylla alleys, followed by Cajanus cajan and control. Phsophate addition did not affect yields. Number of lateral shoots was affected by the plant position on the plot: central rows tended to have more shoots than lateral rows. Leaf area was higher where phosphate was applied, independently of alley cropping. / A floricultura tropical tem se projetado no Brasil, principalmente pelo recente interesse dos consumidores de flores, por produtos de formas ex?ticas, cores vibrantes e alta durabilidade. Essas flores, pouco tradicionais no Brasil, s?o produzidas ainda em pequena escala. Seus sistemas de produ??o ainda n?o foram intensivamente estudados, bem como estudos b?sicos envolvendo as muitas esp?cies e variedades ainda est?o por ser feitos. Sistemas de produ??o que conciliem viabilidade econ?mica com baixo impacto ambiental, devem ser desenvolvidos para esse grupo de plantas, visto que se adaptam a uma gama de condi??es ambientais, incluindo sombreamento. Estudos de ambi?ncia combinados aos de nutri??o mineral s?o necess?rios para se entender e aperfei?oar uma forma de floricultura tropical integrada a outras esp?cies, em diferentes condi??es edafoclim?ticas. Um exemplo ? o sistema de cultivo em al?ias, objeto deste estudo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento do hibrido natural Golden Torch (Heliconia psittacorum L x Heliconia spathocircinada Aristigueta) cultivada sob sistema de cultivo em al?ias formadas por dois tipos de leguminosas arbustivas: guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) e flem?ngia (Flemingia macrophylla), e um controle sem forma??o de al?ias. Combinou-se ainda, dois tipos de aduba??o de plantio: com e sem termofosfato magnesiano (Yoorin Master 1). O experimento foi conduzido nas condi??es da Baixada Fluminense no Campus da UFRRJ, Departamento de Fitotecnia, num delineamento de parcelas subdivididas em blocos ao acaso. Houve menor mortalidade de plantas nas al?ias formadas por guandu quando comparada com as formadas por flem?ngia ou no tratamento controle. A aplica??o de termofosfato n?o teve qualquer efeito. A maior produtividade de infloresc?ncias ocorreu nas al?ias formadas por flem?ngia, seguida pelo guando e a testemunha. A adi??o de termofosfato n?o afetou a produ??o de infloresc?ncias. O n?mero de perfilhos, foi afetado pela posi??o da planta na parcela: as da linha central tenderam a ter mais perfilhos do que as laterais. A ?rea foliar das plantas de helic?nia foi maior nos tratamentos com termofosfato, independentemente do tipo de al?ia.

The following report on ARC 696: Advanced Architectural Design Studio: Alley Flat Initiative, at the University of Texas at Austin in the Spring of 2010 taught by Prof. Louise Harpman and visiting Prof. Sarah Gamble asks how new knowledge is acquired through the in-depth study and reconstruction of documentary recordings taken from a semester of the studio. The recordings were made of the activities that transpired as a result of the educational studio design process, interactions with educators, reviewers, community partners, clients, professional architects, contractors, citizens and the unique sites that were chosen for consideration. The narrative of the studio was then reconstructed into the language of film and supervised by Anne Lewis of the Department of Radio Television and Film at the University of Texas. Through observation, I have recorded the process by which the Alley Flat Initiative attempts to create a unique educational experience for students by exposing them to real life actors in the creation of housing that is affordable, green and mitigates the forces of gentrification. In the recording process, I documented the initial design question posed to the studio, the formation of design partnerships between students, the collaborative engagement of students and clients, faculty and community reviews, stumbling blocks in the process, the negotiations between the concepts of affordability and sustainable design, interactions between the students and stakeholders, and student reflections on their experiences as participants in the Alley Flat Initiative studio. The focus of film is to create a body of research that is easily transmitted on the student’s ability to learn design through exposure to real clients, a real site and a chance that their design might be built. Further, the research seeks to make recommendations that can be implemented into the organizational language of future Alley Flat Studios in the School of Architecture at the University of Texas at Austin. This report will: (1) lay the groundwork for the methodology that was incorporated into the recording; (2) review existing literature on the subject of filmmaking as a means to conduct research; and (3) reveal the findings of the research and implications for future service learning projects. Therefore, the report will serve to contextualize elements of the research that were not able to be addressed by the film. / text

There is a discursive formation of incapability that surrounds senior women's sexuality. Senior women are incapable of reproduction, mastering their bodies, or arousing sexual desire in themselves or others. The senior actresses' I explore in the case studies below insert their performances of self and their everyday lives into the large and complicated discourse of sex, producing a counter-narrative to sexually inactive senior women. Their performances actively embody their sexuality outside the frame of a character. This thesis examines how senior actresses' performances of sexuality extend a discourse of sexuality imposed on older woman by mass media. These women are the public face of senior women's sexual agency. The women I use as case studies are crucial because they perform sexually on screen as well as in their everyday lives. Their personae engage and intervene in the discursive formation of incapability outside traditional modes of performance. The performances of Kirstie Alley, Cloris Leachman Joan Rivers and Betty White transgress the invisible but well documented boundary between bodies that can be sexed and bodies that can't. Transgressing this boundary allows these older actresses to become active agents in their sexual lives. Sexual confessions, performances of personae, and citations of previous senior women performers facilitate senior women's sexual performances. The case studies that follow illustrate how these elements work together to create sexual representations of senior women that are not always accepted by audiences, but are still able to intervene into the larger discourse of senior women's sexual incapability.