Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 aguiar_acf_dr_botfca.pdf: 805231 bytes, checksum: 691481c78e5e608342cb3c11587eccca (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: (i) avaliar a sustentabilidade do agrossistema de plantio direto na palha com leguminosas cultivadas em aléias, por meio de seu efeito sobre os indicadores qualitativos químicos e físicos de um Argissolo do trópico úmido; (ii) identificar como a combinação de resíduos de leguminosas de diferentes qualidades interferem nos indicadores de sustentabilidade do uso do solo, por meio das produtividades do arroz e do milho. Foram avaliadas duas espécies de leguminosas de alta qualidade de resíduos - Leucaena leucocephala (leucena) e Cajanus cajan (guandu), e duas espécies de baixa qualidade de resíduos - Clitoria fairchildiana (sombreiro) e Acacia mangium (acácia), combinadas entre si, nos seguintes tratamentos: Sombreiro + Guandu (S+G); Leucena + Guandu (L+G); Acácia + Guandu (A+G); Sombreiro + Leucena (S+L); Leucena + Acácia (L+A) e Testemunha, sem leguminosas. Concluiu-se que o sistema de plantio direto na palha com leguminosas cultivadas em aléias pode ser considerado alternativa de uso sustentável do solo nas condições de regime pluviométrico e nos ARGISSOLOS arênicos, por sua capacidade de reciclar nutrientes e melhorar os indicadores de qualidade do solo ao longo do tempo. Os principais indicadores influenciados pelo sistema são: a capacidade de aeração, as quantidades de N adicionadas ao solo via resíduos de leguminosas e o tamponamento dos teores de Ca na zona radicular que resultam na melhoria na qualidade do solo, com reflexos notáveis no aumento da produtividade do milho. A combinação acácia+leucena apresenta, além da precocidade, grande eficiência na cobertura do solo e na reciclagem de nutrientes, mas o uso do sombreiro, como fornecedora de resíduo de baixa qualidade, por sua facilidade de 2 implantação, não pode ser descartado. A incapacidade do sistema em aumentar a retenção do K e Mg na zona radicular... / The present study was carried out focused in the following subjects: (i) Evaluation of no tillage agriculture sustainability over green manure straws in alley system throughout of its effects on the soil s chemical and physical qualitative parameters; (ii) Identification of what and how different green manure residues combine each other to improve the rice and corn crops in sustainability alleys system way. Two green manure species with high residues and other two with low quality had been evaluated: Leucaena leucocephala and Cajanus cajan, and Clitoria fairchildiana and Acacia mangium respectively. A combination between these green manures were made as the treatments: Clitoria + Cajanus (S+G); Leucaena + Cajanus (L+G); Acacia + Cajanus (A+G); Clitoria + Leucaena (S+L); Leucaena + Acacia (L+A) and the control treatment with no green manure. It was concluded that the no tillage soil management using green manure straws in alleys systems could be an alternative as a sustainable way to the crop productions, considering the environments and soil conditions. It was observed that the soil where the trial was carried out has the capacity to recycle nutrients and improve the quality parameters throughout the management used as far. It was observed also that the mainly parameters as aeration capacity, nitrogen range added by the green manure of leguminous species residues, and the Ca++ content in the rizosphere environment were the factors that improve the soil physical and chemical quality, with higher corn crop productivities. The Leucaena + Acacia combination has shown precocious behavior and more efficiency to cover the soil and to recycle nutrients. The Clitoria residues, even as a low quality green manure, could be na option for implanting a alley system because it is easier to 4 management. It was observed that the studied system has no capacity of K+ and Mg++ retain... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

The thesis dealt with the issue of planting, economy and integration of alleys into the landscape. The aim of the study was to evaluate the economy of new plantings alleys, success rate of planting, integration into the landscape, aesthetics and health status in comparison with the assumptions presented in the literature. It was observed six model alleys, which were selected especially with respect to their age structure in order to verify the basic assumptions of this work. Alleyways were examined with regard to health, aesthetics, integration into the landscape and influence of these characteristics by human activities. Establishment of new alleys was considered in detail from economy point of view.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5731.pdf: 10443315 bytes, checksum: 6ee3add6c6df69821536597088d1b32d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-04 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Sugarcane plantations are increasing in Brazil motivated by the demand of the sugar industry and the energetic sector. Sugarcane monocultures simplify the landscape and disconnect natural ecosystems. The inclusion of native trees in the canebrake, changing the matrices into an alley cropping system, is a new proposal that consider the environment beyond production. In order to assess the environmental effects in agroforestry was raised sugarcane productivity and development of trees in three crops (2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12), as well as the timber volume and carbon sequestration produced by the system at the end of the year 2012 and a bird survey during 2011 and 2012 in an experimental area of 1,957 hectares. Was found orderly development of tree species. Schizolobium parahyba present a significant mortality, but had the largest wood production thus coming to the same conclusion in relation to carbon sequestration, which are 3 times those of the Handroanthus spp. and 2 times the Cedrela fissilis. There was no change in the sugarcane productivity related to the distance line planting was the alley, with only a drop productivity in the range of 58 m cultivation. Birds are important bioindicators; trees contributed to the increased diversity of birds, being Schizolobium parahyba the arboreal species of most relevant importance. The spacing between alleys with the greatest diversity of birds was to 29 m. It is concluded that it is technically possible deployment agroecosystem proposed, without agronomic production damage of cane sugar; the 2 smaller bands cultivation (29 m and 43.5 m) are the most suitable; among tree species Schizolobium parahyba was the one with the best results in the short term, since the issue of mortality could be remedied with proper management or replanting. / O plantio de cana-de-açúcar está em franca expansão no Brasil motivado pela demanda do setor sucroenergético. Os canaviais em matrizes monoculturais simplificam a paisagem e desconectam ecossistemas naturais. A inserção de aleias com árvores nativas em canavial é uma nova proposta que contempla o ambiente além da produção. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos ambientais e a produtividade agrossilvicultural nesse sistema agroflorestal, foram levantados em uma área experimental de 1,957 hectares, o rendimento da cana-de-açúcar e o desenvolvimento das árvores constituintes das aleias em 3 safras (2009/10, 2010/11 e 2011/12); bem como o volume de madeira produzido e a fixação de carbono pelo sistema ao final do ano de 2012; e a dinâmica da avifauna durante os anos de 2011 e 2012. Constatou-se um desenvolvimento regular das espécies arbóreas, observando grande taxa de mortalidade do guapuruvu (60%). Foi possível constatar a maior produção de madeira pelo guapuruvu, consequentemente chegando aos mesmos resultados em relação à fixação de carbono, sendo estes 3 vezes superiores aos do ipê e 2 vezes ao cedro. A produtividade da cana não esteve relacionada com a distância entre a linha de plantio e a aleia, apresentando queda apenas na faixa de cultivo de 58 m. A avifauna foi considerada um bioindicador consistente; o guapuruvu foi a espécie florestal com maior importância para o aumento da diversidade de aves e o espaçamento entre aleias com a maior riqueza foi o de 29 m. Conclui-se que é tecnicamente possível a implantação do agrossistema proposto, sem prejuízo agronômico da produção da cana-de-açúcar, sendo as 2 menores faixas de cultivo (29 e 43,5 m) as mais propícias e o guapuruvu a espécie arbórea com melhores resultados em curto prazo, desde que a questão da mortalidade seja sanada com replantio ou manejo adequado.

No description available.

This research assesses shifts in tornado occurrence pattens in space and time employing continental United States tornado records with an Enhanced Fujita (EF) rating equal or greater than 1. In similar research, most researchers discard tornado records prior to 1980 due to factors including: magnitude anomalies related to development of the Fujita Scale, unpredictability in tornado reporting (escalating populace, storm spotters, and technologic improvements), and better data records from the Census Bureau. We therefore constructed two datasets using tornados recorded in the National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center’s Severe Weather GIS (SVRGIS) database: 1950-2019 (dataset 1) and 1980-2019 (dataset 2). The goals for this study were to 1) determine whether spatiotemporal patterns of recorded tornado activity have shifted over time, and 2) determine whether inclusion of pre-1980 tornado data changes the findings from 1). This study employed Space-Time Pattern Mining (STPM) to construct four spacetime cubes (STC) in ArcGIS Pro. Emerging Hot Spot Analysis (EHS) was employed to identify the changes in tornado occurrence (number of incidents in a STC cell) and magnitude (sum of tornado EF ratings for all incidents in a STC cell). EHS displayed increased tornado activity in the Southeast and decreased activity for areas in the Great Plains for both occurrence and magnitude in both datasets. This is interpreted as significant intensifying hot spots in the Southeast region and diminishing hot spots in the Great Plains indicating an east-south-east shift for both datasets. Similar findings for both datasets indicate that inclusion of the less reliable pre-1980’s tornado data does not change the results and we recommend that the practice of discarding pre-1980’s tornado data in tornado occurrence research be reconsidered.

The power of losing control: Deconstructing Elfreth’s Alley documentary archive-based aesthetics using image-making experimentation is an interdisciplinary and multimodal media dissertation based on the experience of collecting, transforming, and validating archival information that is the foundation of history: its creation, interpretation, and recording. This research includes a manuscript or monograph, a series of lectures about the investigation, a physical multimedia exhibit of modified archival material from the Alley, and the publication of a creative journal that involves the processes and results of the exhibit in Elfreth’s Alley Museum. Observers have built most public records based on what is present and absent in the assemblage of documents, images, and found objects in particular settings. An example of these processes is the record of traditional and historical sites like Elfreth's Alley in Philadelphia, PA. This Alley is a traditional historical residential street considered a National Historic Landmark for its structures built between 1720 and 1830. This street has been home to everyday Philadelphians for three centuries, and its museum celebrates the working class of America who helped build the country through sweat and commerce. The Alley is still a thriving residential community that is home to artists and artisans, educators, entrepreneurs, and everything in between. While this research starts in this neighborhood, it explores connections that can take us across the city, the nation, and around the globe. In this dissertation, the record of the Alley life has been deconstructed to expose the understanding and perception of personal narratives that offer alternative views of collective memory and public history. The processes and results that deconstruct Elfreth’s Alley archival documentation have been used to analyze and question ideas of presence and absence of ethnic groups, the exercise of power and control, patterns of privilege assigned to race, gender and ethnicity, as well as concerns of domestic and child labor, environment, gentrification, and social networks, offering a rich description of the Alley. The methodology of this work, through its five chapters, is based on the study of analog experimental photographic processes and digital Artificial Intelligence (AI) new media creations with uncontrolled and unpredictable results, their relationship with archival studies from the Alley, and the impact of new contemporary archival creations in the construction of public history and collective memory. These mechanisms were applied to documents, archival and found materials (taken from different sources around the city and the nation) in various experimental artworks. The objects created for the exhibit and the analysis of these archives use pinhole cameras, expired paper, lumen prints and cyanolumens, panoramas with polaroids and chemigrams, stereoscopes and anaglyphs, augmented reality, and AI-algorithmic editions, as well as the existent sources and interdisciplinary collaborative work of the historians and museum professionals of the Alley. The multiple intellectual, theoretical, and creative layers involved in this work build a different record of the Alley. The artworks prepared in this study are a contemporary archival record of the interaction with the community and scholars of this historical place. This interaction, collaborative work, open access to the public, and reflections —consequences from this experimental artistic-creative process— constitute an academic record that expands the studies of historians, ethnographers, and academics, and contribute to an exhaustive analysis in the construction of public history and the collective memory of the city. / Media & Communication

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The components of soil CO2 efflux are affected by many soil properties including temperature, moisture, microbial abundance and activity, and other soil physical and chemical properties. Changes in these factors can result in high spatial and temporal variability of total soil CO2 efflux. Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), microbial biomass and activity were measured to evaluate the impact of intercropping switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected on the bed (PSG-B), interbed (PSG-I) and edge (PSG-E) of pine-switchgrass intercropped treatments, as well as pine only (P-B) and switchgrass only (SG-I) treatments. Differences in most soil properties and processes of intercropped treatments were sporadic and most did not show clear trends. However, significant correlations between DOC, soil temperature, oxalic and acetic acids and soil CO2 efflux were present. In an multiple regression model these factors explained 57% of the variance in total soil CO2 efflux. Therefore we think that LMWOAs, as a labile component of DOC, are influencing total CO2 efflux because they are being consumed by microbial community, increasing heterotrophic respiration and as a result overall total CO2 efflux. The amount and distribution of labile C controls microbial community dynamics, heterotrophic respiration as well as the stabilization of soil C. / Master of Science

This thesis examines representations of lawyers and law in examples of Jacobean city comedy, taking into account certain contemporary developments in the legal profession and the law in England. The period covered is 1598-1616. The thesis questions the conventional interpretation of city comedy as hostile to the legal profession. It suggests the topic is more complex than has been assumed, arguing that city comedy makes direct and indirect positive representation of Inns of Court lawyers, who are to be distinguished from attorneys (newly segregated in the Inns of Chancery), amateur quasi-lawyers, and university-educated civil lawyers. It is proposed that city comedy represents Inns of Court lawyers positively in two ways. Firstly, by means of legal content: representations of developments in the profession and the law demonstrate a wish to connect with the young lawyers and students of the Inns of Court, and reflect a contemporary drive by them for increased organization and regulation. Secondly, by means of literary form: ostensibly pejorative representations need not be taken at face value; instead, they may be found to be ironic. The main proposed contributions to knowledge are: that Inns of Court lawyers were a favoured part of the target audience of the private playhouses, making it questionable that they would be represented negatively in city comedy; that lawyers as represented in city comedy are not a single or a simple category; that representation of lawyers is inflected by the various forms and impulses of city comedy; and that city comedy incorporates some reflection of the increasing professionalization of legal practice in the period.

Efficient use of irrigation and nutrients are becoming increasingly important in commercial orchards in the Hawkesbury area. Proper irrigation scheduling practices can help in the better use of irrigation water and reduce environmental impacts. Field experiments were conducted during February 1999 to June 2000 to understand soil-water use, and to evaluate farmer’s irrigation practice under an alley cropping system consisting of turf and stone fruits. The study was carried out at Atlas Farm, 3.5 km from the University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury campus. The experimental site is a floodplain of the Hawkesbury River. The river flows within 1 km of the farm boundaries. The study was conducted under the farmer’s existing irrigation water and nutrient management practices. The main aims of the thesis were to study the movement and redistribution of soil-water and soil-moisture dynamics in the turf and stone fruit alley cropping system and to understand deep percolation losses and nitrogen leaching using the water balance approach. The study indicated that drainage occurred mainly after heavy rainfall and when there was rainfall for a few consecutive days. Thus irrigation application should be delayed if there is a likelihood of rain in a few consecutive days to prevent loss of water due to deep drainage. Furthermore, the study showed irrigation scheduling was essential to reduce nitrate leaching in the field; that irrigation depths should be varied according to the stage of crop growth, and the proper timing of irrigation application could help reduce deep percolation and runoff losses. / Master of Science (Hons) (Agriculture)