Title: The influence of alpine skiing on balance Author: Nikola Volejníková Objective: The aim of this work was to study the available literature, to characterize alpine skiing from its inception through biomechanics and physiological demands for skiers to characteristics of the individual disciplines. At the same time characterize motor skills in whole and focus on the main reference factor: the balance ability. The main objective of this work was to perform an experiment on two groups: experimental and control group. The aim of the experiment was to test the influence of alpine skiing on the balance and if there is the potentiality to improve the results of balance tests by only one week of intense skiing. The results of the experimental group were compared with the control group. Method: Measurement was carried out using the GymTop USB and one test for measuring static equilibrium. The main group consisted of 10 subjects selected from the participants of the ski-instructor course APUL "C" and measurement took place in two phases - before the course and after a week of intense duration of the course. An important criterion for the selection of subjects was their good health with no on-going acute musculoskeletal diseases. Only one year younger injuries were the reason for non-inclusion in the...

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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förekomsten av, samt faktorer som bidrar till work-family conflict (WFC) och burnout bland ideella och icke-ideella U16-tränare inom alpin skidåkning. För att besvara syftet ställdes frågeställningarna: “hur ser förekomsten av burnout och WFC ut hos ideella respektive heltidsanställda alpina U16-tränare?”, “finns det något samband mellan WFC och burnout för alpina U16-tränare?” och “finns det något samband mellan arbetade timmar, burnout och WFC hos alpina U16-tränare?”. Metod Studien var kvantitativ och bestod av en enkät, som besvarades av 11 svenska alpina U16-tränare, varav tio ideella med ett heltidsarbete vid sidan av, och en heltidsanställd tränare. Enkäten syftade till att ta reda på hur många timmar de arbetat de senaste sju dagarna, samt vilken typ av arbetsform; ideell eller heltid, de hade. Den syftar även till att mäta respektive tränares grad av burnout och WFC. För att ta reda på om det fanns något samband mellan WFC och burnout så analyserades data gällande WFC och burnout genom Spearmans korrelation för icke parametriska data. Samtliga beräkningar gjordes i Excel Version 2021.  Resultat Medelvärdet för burnout hos de ideella tränarna var 3,07 och 1,32 för den heltidsanställda tränaren. Medelvärdet för WFC hos de ideella tränarna var 15,64 och heltidsanställda tränarens värde var 7. Sambandet (R-värdet) mellan WFC och burnout för samtliga tränare var 0,31, men P-värdet var 0,35, vilket innebar avsaknad av signifikans och låg power. För de ideella tränarna så fanns två tendenser vid fler arbetade timmar; en ökning av burnoutvärden och en sänkning av WFC-värden. Slutsats För att få signifikanta resultat hade ett högre deltagarantal behövts men det finns ändå tendenser till ett samband mellan WFC och burnout för svenska alpina U16-tränare, även om detta samband var svagare än i tidigare studier. Det fanns även tendenser kring att ideella tränare upplever både en högre grad av burnout och en högre grad av WFC än heltidsanställda alpina U16-tränare, där dels typen arbetsform, och dels antalet arbetade timmar verkar vara två nyckelfaktorer. / <p>Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p>

Flow Motion Technology AB has previously developed a technology to improve hockey skates and inlines. The technology called Flow Motion Technology (FMT) is utilizing the smooth and effective rolling motion of a human footstep, and has proven to be very successful after implementation in both hockey skates and inlines. Flow Motion Technology AB has interest in investigating whether the technology can be implemented in other sports applications, which this thesis project concerns. The project examines the implementation of FMT in the alpine skiing segment. The purpose is to provide Flow Motion Technology AB with a foundation for evaluating the potential of investing further in the development of FMT applied in alpine skiing. FMT is implemented in a feature positioned between ski and binding of most alpine race skis, commonly called a race plate. The work is divided into two parts; The first part covers the development and manufacturing of a prototype along with detailed description of the procedures and methods used. The second part is about the tests of the prototype’s vibration-damping properties carried out in laboratory environment along with analysis of the results. Initial field tests are also carried out followed by fundamental analysis. An existing plate intended for competition use is tested in parallel with the prototype and is used as a reference when analyzing the results. The results show that the ski equipped with the FMT plate dampened vibrations on an average of 27 % faster than the reference plate. Measurements was compiled for three damping intervals specified for the tests performed in laboratory. A statistically significant difference in all three cases was obtained. The measured maximum amplitude of the acceleration in the vibrations was also significantly lower for the ski implemented with the FMT plate compared to the reference plate. The eigen frequencies of the ski measured in laboratory were not significantly affected if the ski was fitted with the FMT plate or the reference plate. The eigen frequencies measured in field generally corresponded to the measured in laboratory, with the difference that they were offset on an average of 7 Hz higher in field. / Flow Motion Technology AB har tidigare utvecklat en teknologi för att förbättra hockeyskridskor och inlines. Teknologin kallad Flow Motion Technology (FMT) utnyttjar den naturliga och effektiva rullande rörelse i en människas fotsteg, och har efter implementation i hockeyskridskor och inlines visat sig vara framgångsrik. Flow Motion Technology AB vill undersöka om denna teknologi kan implementeras i andra idrottssammanhang för att utvärdera möjligheter att bredda företagets affärsområde. Detta examensarbete är en del av denna undersökning, och i denna rapport beskrivs implementationen av FMT i segmentet alpinskidåkning. Syftet med projektet är att förse Flow Motion Technology AB med underlag för att utvärdera lönsamheten i att investera mer i utvecklingen av FMT riktad mot alpinskidåkning. FMT implementeras i projektet i en raceplatta, en komponent monterad mellan skida och bindning. Arbetet är uppdelat i två delar; utveckling och tillverkning av en funktionsprototyp med detaljerad beskrivning av tillvägagångssätt och metoder, samt tester av prototypens vibrationsdämpande prestanda i labbmiljö med tillhörande analys av resultat. Initiala tester utförs även i fält med enklare analys av resultat. En befintlig bindningsplatta avsedd för tävling testas parallellt med den utvecklade plattan och används som referens vid analys av resultaten. Resultaten visar att plattan implementerad med FMT dämpade en skidas vibrationer i genomsnitt 27 % snabbare än vad referensplattan gjorde vid de tre dämpningsintervall som specificerats för testen i labbmiljö. En statistiskt signifikant skillnad i alla tre fall. Den uppmätta maxamplituden för accelerationen i vibrationerna var även statistiskt signifikant lägre för skidan implementerad med FMT jämfört med referensplattan. Egenfrekvenserna uppmätta i labb påverkades inte nämnvärt om skidan var monterad med FMT-plattan eller referensplattan. De egenfrekvenser som uppmättes i fält motsvarade generellt de som uppmättes i labb med skillnaden att de var förskjutna till att i genomsnitt vara 7 Hz högre.

Introduction: Alpine skiing has changed since the 1990s and it is unclear what sport specific strength is within modern alpine elite skiing. Purpose: The aim of this study was to create a strength profile and to investigate what sport specific strength is within alpine elite skiers. Method: A total number of 24 participant took part in this cross-sectional study, where eleven alpine elite skiers were compared with thirteen well-trained strength athletes with different sports background. The participants were tested in squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ) as well as isometric, isokinetic concentric and isokinetic eccentric strength with different dynamic velocities. In addition to these tests, reaction strength index (RSI) and eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) were calculated. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate if there were any relationships between the jump test variables and the isometric and eccentric strength tests. Results: The SKI group jumped higher in relation to their bodyweight (BW) in SJ (P&gt;0,01), CMJ (P&gt;0,05) and DJ (P&gt;0,01). The SKI group also showed significantly higher RSI values (P&gt;0,05). For the strength tests, the SKI group performed significantly better in all the eccentric velocities (P&gt;0,05), the isometric test (P&gt;0,01) and in the slowest concentric velocity (P&gt;0,01). The SKI group showed significantly higher strength values (P&gt;0,05) in relative isometric strength with knee angles between 20°-60°, where the largest significant difference appeared at 25° (P&gt;0,001). No significant differences were found in the absolute values in either the jump or the strength tests. Only moderate (r=0,30-0,49) significant (P&gt;0,05) correlations were found between the fastest eccentric tests and the SJ and DJ within all athletes. No significant correlations were found within the SKI group alone. Conclusion: This study presented evidence that sport specific strength for alpine elite skiers may primarily consist of isometric strength, training in slow concentric velocities and general eccentric training. The results indicate that the sport specific strength for alpine elite skiers does not include concentric training in moderate and fast concentric movements.

Title: Injury rate in the ski resorts in the Czech Republic Objectives: Objective of thesis is to obtain knowledges about injury rate in the ski resorts in the Czech republic Methods: I determined and processed information regarding all data about injury rate during winter seasons from 2003/2004 to 2012/2013 in the Czech Republic. Main source of all data was the database of Mountain Rescue Service in the Czech republic. Results: My results show summary of the total number of accidents in each winter seasons. Percentage of injury in alpine skiing, snowboarding and cross country skiing of all injuries. The most common types of injuries and injury localization in the ski resorts in the Czech Republic for the season 2003/2004 - 2012/2013. Keywords: Safety in the mountains, alpine skiing, snowboarding, cross countra skiing, injury

TITLE: Alpine Skiing World Cup Organization Benefits in Relation to Špindlerův Mlýn Municipality AUTHOR: Bc. Petr Černý FACULTY: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SUPERVISOR: Dr.. Libor Flemr, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This study focuses on the town of Spindleruv Mlyn, which is currently the largest, highest- rated, but also the most expensive ski resort in the Czech Republic and holds TOP ski resort, which in recent years as the only winter resort tried to host the World Cup in Alpine skiing women, in the disciplines of slalom and giant slalom women. Spindleruv Mlyn organized racing elite women's series for the first time in December 2005 and again in January 2008. Premiere World Cup Giant was initially held back in 2003, but then defeated the plans of the organizers of the lack of snow. A success for the next SP in Spindleruv Mlyn took place in March 2011. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the benefits for town of Spindleruv Mlyn (hence the whole county, region and Czech Republic) may have held such events as the World Cup in Alpine Skiing. Method: The calculation method was used a questionnaire comprising mainly by promoting the values that the organization of the event took place, but the city at the cost involved only a small fraction, so the effects are huge. I judged only influences the town...

Sports engineering can be considered as the bridge between the knowledge of sports science and the principles of engineering and has an important role not only in improving the athletic performance, but also in increasing the safety of the athletes. Testing and optimization of sports equipment and athletic performance are essential for supporting athletes in their quest to reach the podium. However, most of the equipment used by world-class athletes is chosen based only on subjective tests and the athletes’ feelings. Consequently, one of the aims of this thesis was to combine mechanics and mathematics to develop new objective test methods for sports equipment. Another objective was to investigate the possibility to accurately track and analyse cross-country skiing performance by using a real-time locating system. A long term aim is the contribution to increased knowledge about objective test and analysis methods in sports. The main methodological advancements are the modification of established test methods for sports equipment and the implementation of spline-interpolated measured positioning data to evaluate cross-country skiing performance. The first two papers show that it is possible to design objective yet sport specific test methods for different sports equipment. New test devices and methodologies are proposed for alpine ski helmets and cross-country ski poles. The third paper gives suggestions for improved test setups and theoretical simulations are introduced for glide tests of skis. It is shown, it the fourth paper, that data from a real-time locating system in combination with a spline model offers considerable potential for performance analysis in cross-country sprint skiing. In the last paper, for the first time, propulsive power during a cross-country sprint skiing race is estimated by applying a power balance model to spline-interpolated measured positioning data, enabling in-depth analyses of power output and pacing strategies in cross-country skiing. Even though it has not been a first priority aim in this work, the results from the first two papers have been used by manufacturers to design new helmets with increased safety properties and cross-country ski poles with increased force transfer properties. In summary, the results of this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of using mechanics and mathematics to increase the objectiveness and relevance when analysing sports equipment and athletic performance. / <p>QC 20160927</p>

This diploma deals with history and progress of skialpinism in the (historically) Czech lands. The diploma consists of 4 parts. The first one defines the term Skialpinism in its progress stages. The second part of the diploma deals with the beginning and progress of skis as an equipment, progress of ski bindings, and other necessary equipment for skialpinism, for example climbing skins. In the third part the history of skialpinism is divided into individual stages, starting with the period 1900 {--} 1918, and then the period between the Wars, followed by the period from 1945 to 1975, and the last one is the period from 1975 to present. The fourth part covers comparison of the skialpinism evolution in the Czech lands, progress of the Czech skialpinism outside the Czech country, and the progress of skialpinism in the world.