In recent years, ionic liquids have emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to traditional volatile organic solvents when it comes to catalytic reactions. Stable metal nanoparticles suspended in ionic liquids, are catalytic systems that mimic aspects of nanoparticles on solid supports, as well as traditional metal-ligand complexes used in organometallic catalysis. While alkylimidazolium ionic liquids, with or without appended functionalities, have been earmarked as the media of choice for the dispersal of nanoparticles, the tetraalkylphosphonium family of ionic liquids has largely been overlooked, despite their facile synthesis, commercial availability, chemical resemblance to surfactants traditionally used for nanoparticle stabilization, stability under basic conditions, and wide thermal as well as electrochemical windows. It is only recently that a number of research groups have given this family of novel alternative solvents the recognition it deserves, and used metal NPs dispersed in these ILs as catalysts in reactions such as hydrogenations, oxidations, C-C cross-couplings, hydrodeoxygenations, aminations, etc. This thesis investigates the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic applications of transition metal nanoparticles in tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids. The ionic liquids described in this thesis functioned as the reaction media as well as intrinsic nanoparticle stabilizers during the course of the catalytic processes. Metallic nanoparticles synthesized in these ionic liquids proved to be stable, efficient and recyclable catalytic systems for reactions of industrial significance, such as hydrodeoxygenations, hydrogenations, and oxidations. It was demonstrated that stability and catalytic activity of these systems were profoundly dependent on the properties of the ionic liquids, such as the nature of the alkyl chains attached to the phosphonium cation, and the coordination ability of the anion. Since heat-induced nanoparticle sintering was a problem, a procedure was devised to redisperse the aggregated and/or sintered nanoparticles so as to restore their initial sizes and catalytic activities. The presence of halides as counter-ions in tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids was seen to facilitate the oxidative degradation of agglomerated metal nanoparticles, which was a key step in our redispersion protocol. It was demonstrated that this redispersion protocol, when applied to heat-sintered nanoparticles, produces nanostructures that resemble the freshly made nanoparticles not only in size but also in catalytic activities. The presence of by-products from the borohydride reduction step used to generate the nanoparticles in the ionic liquids actually facilitated multistep reactions such as hydrodeoxygenation of phenol, where a Lewis Acid was necessary for a dehydration step. Finally, an attempt was made to utilize nanoparticles of an earth-abundant metal (iron) as a hydrogenation catalyst in a variety of alternative solvents (including tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquids) in order to enhance the “green”ness of the catalyst systems. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the iron- nanoparticles/ionic liquid systems at the Canadian Light Source revealed significant details about the chemical interaction between iron and the ionic liquid matrices, which added to our understanding of this neoteric family of catalysts.

Le développement du concept de chimie analytique « verte » représente l’une des préoccupations majeures du tout début du 21ème siècle ; elle a amené les différents acteurs du domaine à s’interroger sur le bien-fondé du développement de méthodes ayant un impact sur l’environnement et sur l’homme. Dans le domaine de l’analyse des lipides, les séparations par classe nécessitent de travailler sur une très large gamme de polarité, conséquence directe de la diversité des structures et des solubilités mises en jeu. La chromatographie en phase normale (NPLC) permet de réaliser l’élution des composés par ordre de polarité croissante. La mise en solution des classes lipidiques nécessite le recours à des mélanges de solvants incluant le chloroforme, le n-heptane, dichlorométhane. Les solvants organiques classiquement utilisés en NPLC, bien que performants, soulèvent aussi de nombreux problèmes liés à leur toxicité pour l'homme et l'environnement, leur volatilité, ou encore leur origine quand ils sont issus des hydrocarbures fossiles. Une des voies envisagée est la substitution de ces solvants par des solvants alternatifs, tels ceux proposés par les différents acteurs de la chimie verte. L'intérêt suscité par ces solvants est prometteur en termes de réduction de l'utilisation de solvants avec un impact significatif sur l'environnement. Les propriétés de la chromatographie en phase dioxyde de carbone supercritique sont semblables à la NPLC et offrent également une alternative verte à cette méthode. Ce travail a mis en évidence que des méthodes de séparation pourraient être développées avec des solvants alternatifs au n-heptane, au méthanol et au chloroforme. Leur utilisation est compatible avec la chromatographie liquide et la chromatographie supercritique et offre une meilleure sélectivité en termes de séparation des classes de lipides. La compatibilité de solvants alternatifs avec ELSD et la spectrométrie de masse a également été évaluée, ce qui a montré que l'absence de pureté suffisante pourrait être un problème. Cependant, ce problème a également été observé avec l'utilisation de solvants commerciaux, qui présentaient des impuretés telles que des acides gras, des polymères et des antioxydants. / Green analytical chemistry development represents one of the main issues of the 21th century. Many investigators in analytical chemistry are actually involved in the development of well-established analytical methods that prevent irreversible damage to humans and environment. In the domain of lipid analysis, structural diversity as well as difference in solubility of these compounds is leading to work with a very large polarity range to separate lipids by classes. The normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) allows realising the elution of compounds in order of increasing polarity. The solubilisation of lipid classes requires the use of a mixture of several solvents, among them chloroform, n-heptane, dichloromethane. Moreover, organic solvents traditionally used in NPLC, although well performing are raising different problems due to their original source, i.e. fossil hydrocarbons, volatility and toxicity for humans and environment. One of the ways to avoid such solvents is the substitution with alternative solvents, as proposed by various players in green chemistry. The interest raised by these solvents, is promising in terms of reduction of solvent use with a significant environmental impact. The properties of supercritical fluid chromatography using CO₂ are similar to NPLC and also offer a green alternative to this method. This work has highlighted that separation methods could be developed with alternative solvents to n-heptane, methanol and chloroform. Their use is compatible with liquid and supercritical chromatography and offer better selectivity in terms of separation of lipid classes. The compatibility of alternative solvents with ELSD and mass spectrometry was also evaluated, which showed that the unavailability of sufficient purity could be an issue. However, this problem was also observed with the use of commercial solvents, which presented impurities such as fatty acids, polymers and antioxidants.

Neste trabalho foram estudadas a atividade e a estabilidade de lacases dos fungos Coriolus hirsutus e Trametes versicolor em meio aquoso contendo líquidos iônicos (LI) como co-solventes, com o objetivo de se obter informações sobre os efeitos desses solventes na atividade enzimática. Foi avaliado o efeito de onze LI (cátions: tetrabutilamônio, 1-butil-3-metilpiperidina e 1-alquil-3-metilimidazólios; combinados com ânions: brometo, cloreto, metilsulfato, metanossulfonato e tetrafluorborato) em diferentes frações molares em meio aquoso tamponado com ácido acético (0,1 mol L-1, pH 4,7 e 25 &#176;C). De um modo geral, a atividade inicial das lacases nos diferentes líquidos iônicos foi inferior à obtida em solução aquosa somente tamponada. O aumento da concentração dos LI também resultou no decréscimo da atividade enzimática. Tanto os resultados obtidos para atividade, como para estabilidade enzimática, se correlacionaram bem com a série de Hofmeister, que ordena os íons de acordo com suas propriedades cosmotrópicas/caotrópicas. Ânions cosmotrópicos e cátions caotrópicos estabilizam proteínas, enquanto ânions caotrópicos e cátions cosmotrópicos as desestabilizam. As lacases estudadas foram fortemente inibidas na presença dos ânions caotrópicos Br- e BF4-. Entre os LI utilizados neste trabalho, o metanossulfonato de 1-etil-3-metilimidazólio foi co-solvente mais promissor para lacase. Os dados cinéticos das reações enzimáticas em metanossulfonato de 1-etil-3-metilimidazólio e metanossulfonato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio, utilizando os substratos catecol e siringaldazina, revelaram que o decréscimo da atividade enzimática é resultado do aumento da constante michaeliana. Os resultados obtidos da estabilidade e temperatura de transição de desnaturação térmica da lacase em LI formado por MeSO3-, cosmotrópico, foram comparáveis aos obtidos em tampão. A ordem crescente de atividade e estabilidade da lacase em líquidos iônicos para cátions foi BuN+&#8776;BMPP+&#8776;BMIM+&#60;EMIM+, enquanto para ânions foi Br-&#8776;BF4- < MeSO4- < MeSO3-. A diminuição da eficiência catalítica da reação (Kcat/Km) em meio contendo líquido iônico foi proporcionada principalmente pelo aumento da Km. Líquidos iônicos têm se apresentado como potenciais solventes para utilização em biocatálise. As propriedades físico-químicas dos LI podem ser moduladas pela combinação de diferentes cátions e ânions, visando características diferenciais para atividade enzimática. O estudo do mecanismo catalítico e dos efeitos específicos dos íons é de fundamental importância para a utilização vantajosa desses solventes em reações enzimáticas. / In this study, the activity and stability of laccase of T. versioclor and C. hirsutus were studied in ionic liquid (IL)-containing aqueous systems to provide valuable information with regard to the effect of IL on the enzyme activity. The effect of IL on the laccase performance was investigated by comparing the activity, stability, kinetic (such as Km, Vmax) and thermal denaturation. An excessive amount of these ILs in the reaction systems resulted in decline in enzymatic activity. Both activity and stability of the enzyme correlate well with the Hofmeister series in terms of the salt\'s kosmotropic/chaotropic properties. Proteins are usually found to be stabilized by a kosmotropic anion and a chaotropic cation and destabilized by a chaotropic anion and a kosmotropic cation. Laccases strong had been inhibited presence of chaotropic anions Br- and BF4-. Among the IL used here, 1-etyl-3-methylimidazoliun methanesulfonate was the most promising IL for laccase. A detailed analysis of kinetic data in the presence of catecol and syrigadalzine as substrate revealed that the decrease in the laccase activity was a result of increase in Km. Equal stability the transition temperature for the thermal denaturation of laccase of T. versioclor in ionic liquids based in MeSO3- (kosmotropic) was comparable to that of the control sample. It was observed an ion effect on the laccase activity and stability, for cations this parameters values increased in the order BMIM+&#8776;BuN+&#8776;BMPP+ < EMIM+; while for anions the order is Br-&#8776;BF4- < MeSO4- < MeSO3-. Also an increase in Km is correlated with the decrease in the catalytic reaction efficiency (Kcat/Km) in medium containing ionic liquid. Design and use of water-mimicking IL composed of chaotropic cations and kosmotropic anions may facilitate the applications of IL in biotransformations.

We develop, characterize, and apply novel solvent systems for enhanced separations. The field of separations has long been explored by chemical engineers. One way to optimize separations is through solvent manipulation. Through molecular design, smart solvents can be created which accomplish this task. Smart solvents undergo step or gradual changes in properties when activated by a stimulus. These property changes enable unique chemistry and separations. This thesis explores the application of two different types of smart solvents: switchable and tunable solvents. First we show that a neutral liquid can react with carbon dioxide and be switched into an ionic liquid which can then be thermally reversed back to its molecular form. Each form that the solvent takes has unique properties that can be structurally tuned to span a large range. We also look at a tunable solvent system based on polyethylene glycol/dioxane that is initially homogeneous, but induced to a heterogeneous system through carbon dioxide pressurization. Finally, we look at the advantage of using carbon dioxide as a co-solvent that is easily removed post-reaction for the grafting of silanes onto polyolefin backbones.

Neste trabalho foram estudadas a atividade e a estabilidade de lacases dos fungos Coriolus hirsutus e Trametes versicolor em meio aquoso contendo líquidos iônicos (LI) como co-solventes, com o objetivo de se obter informações sobre os efeitos desses solventes na atividade enzimática. Foi avaliado o efeito de onze LI (cátions: tetrabutilamônio, 1-butil-3-metilpiperidina e 1-alquil-3-metilimidazólios; combinados com ânions: brometo, cloreto, metilsulfato, metanossulfonato e tetrafluorborato) em diferentes frações molares em meio aquoso tamponado com ácido acético (0,1 mol L-1, pH 4,7 e 25 &#176;C). De um modo geral, a atividade inicial das lacases nos diferentes líquidos iônicos foi inferior à obtida em solução aquosa somente tamponada. O aumento da concentração dos LI também resultou no decréscimo da atividade enzimática. Tanto os resultados obtidos para atividade, como para estabilidade enzimática, se correlacionaram bem com a série de Hofmeister, que ordena os íons de acordo com suas propriedades cosmotrópicas/caotrópicas. Ânions cosmotrópicos e cátions caotrópicos estabilizam proteínas, enquanto ânions caotrópicos e cátions cosmotrópicos as desestabilizam. As lacases estudadas foram fortemente inibidas na presença dos ânions caotrópicos Br- e BF4-. Entre os LI utilizados neste trabalho, o metanossulfonato de 1-etil-3-metilimidazólio foi co-solvente mais promissor para lacase. Os dados cinéticos das reações enzimáticas em metanossulfonato de 1-etil-3-metilimidazólio e metanossulfonato de 1-butil-3-metilimidazólio, utilizando os substratos catecol e siringaldazina, revelaram que o decréscimo da atividade enzimática é resultado do aumento da constante michaeliana. Os resultados obtidos da estabilidade e temperatura de transição de desnaturação térmica da lacase em LI formado por MeSO3-, cosmotrópico, foram comparáveis aos obtidos em tampão. A ordem crescente de atividade e estabilidade da lacase em líquidos iônicos para cátions foi BuN+&#8776;BMPP+&#8776;BMIM+&#60;EMIM+, enquanto para ânions foi Br-&#8776;BF4- < MeSO4- < MeSO3-. A diminuição da eficiência catalítica da reação (Kcat/Km) em meio contendo líquido iônico foi proporcionada principalmente pelo aumento da Km. Líquidos iônicos têm se apresentado como potenciais solventes para utilização em biocatálise. As propriedades físico-químicas dos LI podem ser moduladas pela combinação de diferentes cátions e ânions, visando características diferenciais para atividade enzimática. O estudo do mecanismo catalítico e dos efeitos específicos dos íons é de fundamental importância para a utilização vantajosa desses solventes em reações enzimáticas. / In this study, the activity and stability of laccase of T. versioclor and C. hirsutus were studied in ionic liquid (IL)-containing aqueous systems to provide valuable information with regard to the effect of IL on the enzyme activity. The effect of IL on the laccase performance was investigated by comparing the activity, stability, kinetic (such as Km, Vmax) and thermal denaturation. An excessive amount of these ILs in the reaction systems resulted in decline in enzymatic activity. Both activity and stability of the enzyme correlate well with the Hofmeister series in terms of the salt\'s kosmotropic/chaotropic properties. Proteins are usually found to be stabilized by a kosmotropic anion and a chaotropic cation and destabilized by a chaotropic anion and a kosmotropic cation. Laccases strong had been inhibited presence of chaotropic anions Br- and BF4-. Among the IL used here, 1-etyl-3-methylimidazoliun methanesulfonate was the most promising IL for laccase. A detailed analysis of kinetic data in the presence of catecol and syrigadalzine as substrate revealed that the decrease in the laccase activity was a result of increase in Km. Equal stability the transition temperature for the thermal denaturation of laccase of T. versioclor in ionic liquids based in MeSO3- (kosmotropic) was comparable to that of the control sample. It was observed an ion effect on the laccase activity and stability, for cations this parameters values increased in the order BMIM+&#8776;BuN+&#8776;BMPP+ < EMIM+; while for anions the order is Br-&#8776;BF4- < MeSO4- < MeSO3-. Also an increase in Km is correlated with the decrease in the catalytic reaction efficiency (Kcat/Km) in medium containing ionic liquid. Design and use of water-mimicking IL composed of chaotropic cations and kosmotropic anions may facilitate the applications of IL in biotransformations.

Capítulo 1. Adiciones Michael asimétricas organocatalizadas en líquidos eutécticos. Siguiendo los principios de la “Química Verde” se desarrolló un sistema catalítico basado en disolventes eutécticos y organocatalizadores quirales derivados de 2-amino benzimidazol. Este nuevo sistema fue empleado para catalizar la adición enantioselectiva de compuestos de 1,3-dicarbonílicos a β-nitroestirenos. El procedimiento evita el uso de disolventes orgánicos volátiles tóxicos como medio reacción, proporcionando acceso a moléculas quirales altamente funcionalizadas de forma selectiva y eficiente. Además, la reacción puede realizarse a una escala de gramos y a su vez este sistema catalítico es fácilmente reciclable y reutilizable durante cuatro ciclos, lo que da lugar a un procedimiento limpio, económico, sencillo y escalable que cumple la mayoría de los criterios necesarios para ser un proceso medioambientalmente benigno y sostenible. Los estudios de RMN realizados a la mezcla organocatalizador-líquido eutéctico han confirmado el papel clave de los enlaces de hidrógeno entre el disolvente y el organocatalizador quiral, que permiten su recuperación y la reciclabilidad del sistema. Capítulo 2. α-Aminación electrofílica asimétrica organocatalizada en líquidos eutécticos. Empleando el sistema catalítico basado en el uso de catalizadores quirales de 2-benzoimidazol y líquidos eutécticos se realizó la α-aminación enantioselectiva de compuestos de 1,3-dicarbonílicos. Con este procedimiento, se evita el uso de compuestos orgánicos volátiles tóxicos como medios de reacción. Las moléculas quirales altamente funcionalizadas sintetizadas, que son importantes en la síntesis de productos naturales, se sintetizaron mediante un protocolo eficiente y estereoselectivo. Además, la reacción puede llevarse a cabo para la síntesis de un gramo de producto, siendo posible el reciclaje del sistema catalítico durante al menos cinco ciclos de reacción consecutivos. Este procedimiento representa un método barato, simple, limpio y escalable que cumple con la mayoría de los principios para ser considerado un proceso medioambientalmente benigno y sostenible. Capítulo 3. Líquidos eutécticos quirales. Diferentes mezclas eutécticas basadas en prolina fueron empleadas en la adición Michael asimétrica de cetonas sobre nitroalquenos. En vista de los resultados, y los estudios de 1H-RMN realizados, se confirmó una relación entre la conversión y selectividad del proceso con la constante asociación de los componentes de la mezcla eutéctica. Con estos datos un nuevo disolvente eutéctico quiral a base de bromuro de (S)-N,N,N,-trimetil-1-(pirrolidin-2-il)-metanamina y glicerol fue diseñado y sintetizado con éxito. Este sistema catalítico se mostró eficiente en la adición Michael de ciclohexanona a β-nitroestirenos, obteniendo selectividades moderadas en condiciones suaves. El sistema catalítico eutéctico fue recuperado fácilmente y reciclado hasta cinco veces en la adición de ciclohexanona a β-nitroestireno sin pérdida significativa de actividad catalítica.

Dióxido de carbono supercrítico (scCO2) é um solvente pouco eficiente para substâncias polares em geral. Uma maneira interessante de superar esta limitação e explorar todo o seu potencial como solvente verde, possível substituto para os solventes orgânicos voláteis comuns, é a introdução de tensoativos específicos para scCO2 no sistema. No presente trabalho, foram sintetizadas três novas séries de tensoativos oxigenados para scCO2. As moléculas possuem cabeças CO2-fóbicas mono e poli-hidroxiladas, em sua maioria à base de açúcares, e três tipos de cadeias CO2-fílicas, duas delas perfluoradas (-C7F15 e -C9F19) e uma peracetilada (derivada do ácido D-glucônico). Foram investigadas as suas solubilidades e comportamentos de fase em CO2 e em sistemas ternários (água-CO2-tensoativo), bem como a atividade na interface CO2-água. Todos eles dispersaram água em scCO2 com [água] / [tensoativo] (W) igual a 10, exibindo pressões de névoa comparáveis àquelas do sistema \"a seco\". Adicionalmente, os tensoativos reduziram a tensão interfacial CO2-água. O efeito das cabeças CO2-fóbicas e cadeias CO2-fílicas nessa redução pôde ser analisado separadamente. Os resultados dos experimentos de tensão interfacial dinâmica sugerem que tanto a difusão das moléculas da fase contínua para a subinterface, quanto a sua inserção e migração na interface contribuem para o decaimento das tensões interfaciais. / Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a poor solvent for polar substances in general. An interesting way to overcome this limitation and fulfill its potential as a green solvent, a possible substitute for common volatile organic solvents, is the introduction of scCO2-suitable surfactants in the system. In the present work, three series of novel oxygenated surfactants for scCO2 were synthesized. The amphiphiles contain mono and poly-hydroxylated CO2-phobic heads, most of them sugar-based, as well as three types of CO2-philic tails, two of them perfluorinated (-C7F15 and -C9F19) and one peracetylated (D-gluconic acid derivative). Their solubilities and phase behaviors in CO2 and in ternary systems (water-CO2-surfactant), as well as their activities at the CO2-water interface, were investigated. All of them dispersed water in scCO2- with water-to-surfactant ratio (W) of 10, exhibiting cloud pressures comparable to those of \"dry\" systems. Also, the surfactants reduced the CO2-water interfacial tension. The effect of both the CO2-phobic heads and the CO2-philic tails could be analyzed separately. Dynamic interfacial tension results suggest that both diffusion from bulk CO2 to subinterface and insertion and migration of molecules within the interface contribute to the time-dependent decay of the interfacial tensions.

Dióxido de carbono supercrítico (scCO2) é um solvente pouco eficiente para substâncias polares em geral. Uma maneira interessante de superar esta limitação e explorar todo o seu potencial como solvente verde, possível substituto para os solventes orgânicos voláteis comuns, é a introdução de tensoativos específicos para scCO2 no sistema. No presente trabalho, foram sintetizadas três novas séries de tensoativos oxigenados para scCO2. As moléculas possuem cabeças CO2-fóbicas mono e poli-hidroxiladas, em sua maioria à base de açúcares, e três tipos de cadeias CO2-fílicas, duas delas perfluoradas (-C7F15 e -C9F19) e uma peracetilada (derivada do ácido D-glucônico). Foram investigadas as suas solubilidades e comportamentos de fase em CO2 e em sistemas ternários (água-CO2-tensoativo), bem como a atividade na interface CO2-água. Todos eles dispersaram água em scCO2 com [água] / [tensoativo] (W) igual a 10, exibindo pressões de névoa comparáveis àquelas do sistema \"a seco\". Adicionalmente, os tensoativos reduziram a tensão interfacial CO2-água. O efeito das cabeças CO2-fóbicas e cadeias CO2-fílicas nessa redução pôde ser analisado separadamente. Os resultados dos experimentos de tensão interfacial dinâmica sugerem que tanto a difusão das moléculas da fase contínua para a subinterface, quanto a sua inserção e migração na interface contribuem para o decaimento das tensões interfaciais. / Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a poor solvent for polar substances in general. An interesting way to overcome this limitation and fulfill its potential as a green solvent, a possible substitute for common volatile organic solvents, is the introduction of scCO2-suitable surfactants in the system. In the present work, three series of novel oxygenated surfactants for scCO2 were synthesized. The amphiphiles contain mono and poly-hydroxylated CO2-phobic heads, most of them sugar-based, as well as three types of CO2-philic tails, two of them perfluorinated (-C7F15 and -C9F19) and one peracetylated (D-gluconic acid derivative). Their solubilities and phase behaviors in CO2 and in ternary systems (water-CO2-surfactant), as well as their activities at the CO2-water interface, were investigated. All of them dispersed water in scCO2- with water-to-surfactant ratio (W) of 10, exhibiting cloud pressures comparable to those of \"dry\" systems. Also, the surfactants reduced the CO2-water interfacial tension. The effect of both the CO2-phobic heads and the CO2-philic tails could be analyzed separately. Dynamic interfacial tension results suggest that both diffusion from bulk CO2 to subinterface and insertion and migration of molecules within the interface contribute to the time-dependent decay of the interfacial tensions.

Developing greener, more efficient, and less energy-intensive processes will lead the chemical industry into a more sustainable future. Gas-expanded liquids (GXLs) form a unique class of environmentally benign and tunable solvents that can be used in a variety of applications. Through the series of studies presented in this thesis, we have investigated both the properties and applications of GXLs. We have developed a more complete understanding of the interactions between the gas, the organic liquid, and solutes at the molecular level through kinetic and solvatochromic experiments. We have examined a Diels-Alder reaction and an SN2 reaction and have described the kinetic results in terms of intermolecular interactions and local composition enhancement. We have also demonstrated the use of Organic-Aqueous Tunable Solvents, a special case of GXLs, to recycle homogeneous hydroformylation catalysts. The results of this research can be used to guide future applications of GXLs as green reaction solvents.

Ces dernières années, l’intérêt croissant porté aux considérations environnementales et à la sécurité des procédés pose la question de l’utilisation de solvants pétrochimiques nocifs non renouvelables tels que l’hexane, mais aussi de la quantité d’énergie investie dans le procédé de trituration des graines oléagineuses. L’objectif de cette thèse a donc consisté en la recherche et le développement de procédés d’éco-extraction d’huile végétale, issue de graines oléagineuses, grâce à des technologies innovantes (ultrasons et micro-ondes) et des solvants alternatifs plus respectueux de la santé et de l’environnement. La première partie de ce manuscrit propose en premier lieu l’optimisation du procédé d’extraction à l’hexane d’huile de colza à partir d’écailles de pression avec des ultrasons. Bien que ceux-ci aient un impact positif sur les rendements, le temps d’extraction et la consommation de solvant, l’utilisation de l’hexane reste problématique. Dans une deuxième partie, la substitution de l’hexane par des solvants alternatifs plus « verts » a donc été considérée. Une première approche expérimentale a été complétée par une approche prédictive grâce à l’utilisation d’outils d’aide à la décision : les paramètres de solubilité de Hansen et le modèle COSMO-RS. Cette démarche a conduit à la sélection d’un solvant, le 2-méthyltétrahydrofurane, pour la réalisation d’une étude complète allant de l’échelle laboratoire à l’échelle pilote. Dans une troisième et dernière partie, la combinaison de solvants alternatifs avec une technique innovante, les micro-ondes, pour l’extraction d’huile colza à partir d’écailles de pression a été envisagée. Cette étude a mis en évidence l’intérêt des micro-ondes dans le cas d’une sélectivité de chauffage entre la biomasse et le solvant. / In recent years, the growing interest in environmental considerations and process safety raises the issue of the use of non-renewable petrochemical harmful solvents such as hexane, but also the amount of energy invested in the process of oilseed crushing. The objective of this thesis has consisted in the research and development of green extraction processes of vegetable oil from oil seeds through innovative technologies (ultrasonic and microwave) and alternative solvents more respectful of health and environment. The first part of this manuscript describes the optimization with ultrasound of the extraction process, using hexane, of oil from rapeseed cake. Although ultrasound have a positive impact on extraction yield, extraction time and solvent consumption, the use of hexane remains questionable. In the second part, substituting hexane by "green" alternative solvents has been considered. A first experimental approach was supplemented by a predictive approach through the use of decision tools: Hansen solubility parameters and COSMO-RS model. This led to the selection of a solvent, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, for conducting a comprehensive study from laboratory to pilot scale. In a third and final part, the combination of alternative solvents with an innovative technology, microwaves, for the extraction of oil from rapeseed cake was investigated. This study highlighted the benefit of microwaves in the case of a selective heating between biomass and solvent.