Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elementos pre-textuais.pdf: 251277 bytes, checksum: 7822e4109282175dcae7e303ce8d8440 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-01 / In the early 1980 the alternative tourism begins to gain strength in Brazilian market. This activity shows problems caused by mass tourism that explore fragile environment in an unthinking way putting the customs and habits of the local communities under threat as well as the local flora and fauna. In Paraná State there is a great potential to develop this kind of tourism activity in traditional communities. These communities are named faxinais, where is developed a community production with a joint area to raise animals in an environment of Araucária Forest and private areas to plant. Nowadays there are about 44 faxinal areas in Center –South of the State, 07 of them are located in Prudentópolis. For this reason the purpose of this research is to evaluate the touristic potential in faxinal communities of this borough. There are already areas around the faxinais exploring ecological tourism (visit to the waterfalls) and also the adventure tourism (rapel, trekking). Through Community Tourism, a tourist segmentation that fits in the alternative tourism and above all prioritizes the local community well-being, respecting their limits and desires and allowing that local people carry out the tourism management. So the intention of this study is the inclusion of the faxinal areas in this system. For this two complex of touristic narratives have been identified: ethnic(typical food, costumes, traditions, songs, dance, religion, everyday work) and the economic and technological history( subsistence agriculture, wood and erva-mate extraction, tropeirismo, pig rising and tobacco agribusiness). It is believed that this segmentation can mean an economical improvement for these communities and also the preservation of their cultural environment. / A partir de meados da década de 1980, começa a ganhar força no mercado brasileiro o turismo alternativo, atividade esta que traz a tona problemas causados pelo turismo de massa, que usa de maneira impensada ambientes frágeis, colocando em risco hábitos e costumes de comunidades e também impactos negativos à fauna e flora. No Paraná existe grande potencial para se desenvolver esta modalidade de turismo em comunidades tradicionais. Trata-se das comunidades de faxinais. Estas comunidades desenvolvem um modo de produção comunitário, com áreas de uso comum para criação de animais em ambiente de Floresta com Araucária, além de áreas particulares para plantar. Atualmente, existem cerca de 44 comunidades de faxinais na região Centro-Sul do estado, 07 destas localizadas no Município de Prudentópolis. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar o potencial turístico das comunidades de faxinais neste município. A grande maioria dos faxinais de Prudentópolis possui em seu entorno áreas utilizadas para a prática do turismo ecológico (visitação a cachoeiras) e também a prática do turismo de aventura (rapel, treeking). O que se busca com este estudo é a inclusão dos faxinais neste sistema por meio do Turismo Comunitário, uma segmentação turística que se encaixa no turismo alternativo e sobretudo prioriza o bem estar da comunidade local, respeitando seus limites e desejos e permitindo que os residentes realizem a gestão do turismo. Para tanto, dois complexos de narrativas turísticas foram identificados: a etnicidade (comidas típicas, costumes, tradições, canções, danças, religiosidade, cotidiano de trabalho) e a história econômica e tecnológica (agricultura de subsistência, extrativismo da madeira e da erva mate, tropeirismo, criação de porcos, agroindústria de fumo). Acredita-se que esta segmentação do turismo pode significar uma recontextualização econômica para estas comunidades, além de poder conservar suas paisagens culturais e reforçar suas características comunitárias.

Many new forms of tourism have emerged over the past two decades claiming to provide an alternative, responsible approach to international travel. Unlike ecotourism and volunteer tourism, travel centered on solidarity activism has not been thoroughly explored in the academic literature. Through narrative interviews conducted with organizational staff, former travelers, and members of a rural host community, this study profiles three organizations that organize solidarity travel experiences in Nicaragua. Qualitative analysis of the interviews and secondary materials including blog posts and videos reveals that staff, travelers and community members feel that they benefit from the exchanges that take place during solidarity travel. However, the study participants also articulated a number of concerns and issues with the practice of solidarity travel, including the limited nature of ongoing contact between travelers, coordinating organizations, and the communities that are visited while in Nicaragua. The experience of solidarity travel provided participants with a greater understanding of the connections between Nicaragua and North America, and a critical self-awareness for young travelers in particular, as many were experiencing the Global South for the first time. The successful translation of that exposure and awareness into activism is less certain and is identified as an area for future improvement of the overall solidarity travel experience. Overall, this study contributes to the emerging literature on solidarity travel by comparing three organizations with different missions and methods, and showing how solidarity can be enacted in a variety of ways through travel. Through the inclusion of three distinct groups of participants, this study also highlights similarities and differences related to the way solidarity travel is experienced by members of these groups.

Many new forms of tourism have emerged over the past two decades claiming to provide an alternative, responsible approach to international travel. Unlike ecotourism and volunteer tourism, travel centered on solidarity activism has not been thoroughly explored in the academic literature. Through narrative interviews conducted with organizational staff, former travelers, and members of a rural host community, this study profiles three organizations that organize solidarity travel experiences in Nicaragua. Qualitative analysis of the interviews and secondary materials including blog posts and videos reveals that staff, travelers and community members feel that they benefit from the exchanges that take place during solidarity travel. However, the study participants also articulated a number of concerns and issues with the practice of solidarity travel, including the limited nature of ongoing contact between travelers, coordinating organizations, and the communities that are visited while in Nicaragua. The experience of solidarity travel provided participants with a greater understanding of the connections between Nicaragua and North America, and a critical self-awareness for young travelers in particular, as many were experiencing the Global South for the first time. The successful translation of that exposure and awareness into activism is less certain and is identified as an area for future improvement of the overall solidarity travel experience. Overall, this study contributes to the emerging literature on solidarity travel by comparing three organizations with different missions and methods, and showing how solidarity can be enacted in a variety of ways through travel. Through the inclusion of three distinct groups of participants, this study also highlights similarities and differences related to the way solidarity travel is experienced by members of these groups.

O município de São João da Barra, localizado na mesorregião do norte-fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, por possuir uma vasta riqueza natural, sobretudo de praias, é um local muito procurado pelo turismo, principalmente no verão, período mais propício à balneabilidade, também atrai uma grande demanda de turistas através de diversos eventos organizados pela prefeitura, como carnaval, acarretando como consequência o desenvolvimento do turismo de massa. Além disso, o município foi escolhido para hospedar o Complexo Logístico e Industrial Portuário do Açu (CLIPA), maior empreendimento porto-indústria da América Latina, e um dos três maiores complexos portuários do mundo, que está em fase de implantação. Diante deste cenário, considerando a necessidade de buscar uma alternativa ao turismo de massa, bem como, proteger este destino turístico dos impactos provocados pelo mesmo, e pelo complexo portuário, a pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar o potencial turístico do município de São João da Barra, com enfoque ao desenvolvimento do turismo alternativo a fim de oferecer subsídios para o planejamento turístico sustentável do local. O trabalho se baseou na metodologia proposta por Braga (2007) referente às etapas do processo de planejamento turístico, que se constituíram em quatro etapas: definição do objeto de estudo e missão do planejamento; inventário da situação atual, diagnóstico, e diretrizes de ação. As análises revelaram, através da pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica área de estudo, os principais impactos socioambientais que ocorrem em São João da Barra, provocados não só pelo turismo, como também pela implantação do complexo portuário e por outras fontes; também foi possível obter a percepção da comunidade acerca de como a atividade turística se desenvolve no local, permitindo a elaboração de diretrizes no contexto da gestão participativa. Além disso, o estudo revelou o grande potencial turístico de modalidades alternativas ao turismo de massa, como o turismo científico, educacional, histórico-cultural e esportivo, através da elaboração do inventário da oferta local e do mapa de localização dos atrativos. / The municipality of São João da Barra, located in the region of the North Fluminense State of Rio de Janeiro, for possessing a vast natural wealth, especially beaches, is a popular location for tourism, mainly in the summer, time more conducive to bathing, also attracts a large demand of tourists through various events organized by prefecture, such as Carnival, resulting as a consequence the development of mass tourism. Furthermore, the municipality was chosen to host the Logistics and Industrial Complex Port of Açu (CLIPA), higher port-industry enterprise in Latin America, and one of the three largest port complexes in the world, which is under implementation. Before this scenario, considering the need to seek an alternative to mass tourism, as well as protect this tourist destination of the impacts caused by the same, and the port complex, the research aimed to identify the tourism potential of São João da Barra, focusing on the development of alternative tourism in order to provide information for planning sustainable tourism site. The work was based on the methodology proposed by Braga (2007) refers to the process steps of tourism planning, which consisted of four steps: definition of the object of study and mission planning; inventory of the current situation, diagnosis, and guidelines for action. The analyzes revealed through literature and empirical study area, the main environmental impacts that occur in São João da Barra, caused not only by tourism, but also for the implementation of the port complex and other sources, it was also possible to obtain community opinion about how tourism is developed on site, allowing the development of guidelines in the context of participatory management. Furthermore, the study revealed the great tourism potential of alternative ways to mass tourism, as scientific tourism, educational tourism, historical-cultural tourism, and sports tourism through the development of local offer inventory and location map of the attractions.

O município de São João da Barra, localizado na mesorregião do norte-fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, por possuir uma vasta riqueza natural, sobretudo de praias, é um local muito procurado pelo turismo, principalmente no verão, período mais propício à balneabilidade, também atrai uma grande demanda de turistas através de diversos eventos organizados pela prefeitura, como carnaval, acarretando como consequência o desenvolvimento do turismo de massa. Além disso, o município foi escolhido para hospedar o Complexo Logístico e Industrial Portuário do Açu (CLIPA), maior empreendimento porto-indústria da América Latina, e um dos três maiores complexos portuários do mundo, que está em fase de implantação. Diante deste cenário, considerando a necessidade de buscar uma alternativa ao turismo de massa, bem como, proteger este destino turístico dos impactos provocados pelo mesmo, e pelo complexo portuário, a pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar o potencial turístico do município de São João da Barra, com enfoque ao desenvolvimento do turismo alternativo a fim de oferecer subsídios para o planejamento turístico sustentável do local. O trabalho se baseou na metodologia proposta por Braga (2007) referente às etapas do processo de planejamento turístico, que se constituíram em quatro etapas: definição do objeto de estudo e missão do planejamento; inventário da situação atual, diagnóstico, e diretrizes de ação. As análises revelaram, através da pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica área de estudo, os principais impactos socioambientais que ocorrem em São João da Barra, provocados não só pelo turismo, como também pela implantação do complexo portuário e por outras fontes; também foi possível obter a percepção da comunidade acerca de como a atividade turística se desenvolve no local, permitindo a elaboração de diretrizes no contexto da gestão participativa. Além disso, o estudo revelou o grande potencial turístico de modalidades alternativas ao turismo de massa, como o turismo científico, educacional, histórico-cultural e esportivo, através da elaboração do inventário da oferta local e do mapa de localização dos atrativos. / The municipality of São João da Barra, located in the region of the North Fluminense State of Rio de Janeiro, for possessing a vast natural wealth, especially beaches, is a popular location for tourism, mainly in the summer, time more conducive to bathing, also attracts a large demand of tourists through various events organized by prefecture, such as Carnival, resulting as a consequence the development of mass tourism. Furthermore, the municipality was chosen to host the Logistics and Industrial Complex Port of Açu (CLIPA), higher port-industry enterprise in Latin America, and one of the three largest port complexes in the world, which is under implementation. Before this scenario, considering the need to seek an alternative to mass tourism, as well as protect this tourist destination of the impacts caused by the same, and the port complex, the research aimed to identify the tourism potential of São João da Barra, focusing on the development of alternative tourism in order to provide information for planning sustainable tourism site. The work was based on the methodology proposed by Braga (2007) refers to the process steps of tourism planning, which consisted of four steps: definition of the object of study and mission planning; inventory of the current situation, diagnosis, and guidelines for action. The analyzes revealed through literature and empirical study area, the main environmental impacts that occur in São João da Barra, caused not only by tourism, but also for the implementation of the port complex and other sources, it was also possible to obtain community opinion about how tourism is developed on site, allowing the development of guidelines in the context of participatory management. Furthermore, the study revealed the great tourism potential of alternative ways to mass tourism, as scientific tourism, educational tourism, historical-cultural tourism, and sports tourism through the development of local offer inventory and location map of the attractions.

Utilising a critical theoretical perspective, this work examines contemporary corporatised tourism and capitalist globalisation. This analysis suggests that marketisation limits the understanding of the purposes of tourism to its commercial and “industrial” features, thereby marginalising wider understandings of the social importance of tourism. Sklair’s conceptualisation of capitalist globalisation and its dynamics, as expressed in his “sociology of the global system” (2002), is employed to understand the corporatised tourism phenomenon. This thesis explains how a corporatised tourism sector has been created by transnational tourism and travel corporations, professionals in the travel and tourism sector, transnational practices such as the liberalisation being imposed through the General Agreement on Trade in Services negotiations and the culture-ideology of consumerism that tourists have adopted. This thesis argues that this reaps profits for industry and exclusive holidays for privileged tourists, but generates social and ecological costs which inspire vigorous challenge and resistance. This challenge is most clearly evident in the alternative tourism movement which seeks to provide the equity and environmental sustainability undermined by the dynamics of corporatised tourism. Alternative tourism niches with a capacity to foster an “eco-humanism” are examined by focusing on ecotourism, sustainable tourism, pro-poor tourism, fair trade in tourism, community-based tourism, peace through tourism, volunteer tourism and justice tourism. While each of these demonstrates certain transformative capacities, some prove to be mild reformist efforts and others promise more significant transformative capacity. In particular, the niches of volunteer tourism and justice tourism demonstrate capacities to mount a vigorous challenge to both corporatised tourism and capitalist globalisation. Since the formation of the Global Tourism Interventions Forum (GTIF) at the World Social Forum gathering in Mumbai in 2004, justice tourism has an agenda focused on overturning corporatised tourism and capitalist globalisation, and inaugurating a new alternative globalisation which is both “pro-people” and sustainable. Following the development of these original, macro-level conceptualisations of tourism and globalisation, this thesis presents a micro-level case study of an Indigenous Australian tourism enterprise which illustrates some of these dynamics in a local context. Camp Coorong Race Relations and Cultural Education Centre established and run by the Ngarrindjeri Aboriginal community of South Australia has utilised tourism to foster greater equity and sustainability by working towards reconciliation through tourism. The Ngarrindjeri have also experienced conflicts generated from the pressures of inappropriate tourism development which has necessitated an additional strategy of asserting their Indigenous rights in order to secure Ngarrindjeri lifeways. The case study analysis suggests that for alternative tourism to create the transformations that contemporary circumstances require, significant political change may be necessary. This includes fulfilment of economic, social and cultural rights to which a majority of nations have committed but have to date failed to implement. While this is a challenge for nation-states and is beyond the capacities of tourism alone, tourism nonetheless can be geared toward greater equity and sustainability if the perspective that corporatised tourism is the only option is resisted. This thesis demonstrates that another tourism is possible; one that is geared to public welfare, human fulfilment, solidarity and ecological living.

The diploma thesis deals with a new form of tourism - glamping in Czechia. Based on the analysis of the Czech glamping offer explains the current development and potential of glamping in Czechia. The first part of the thesis focuses on the theoretical framing of glamping tourism as part of tourism and its general characteristics and latest development. An important point of the thesis was to define the geographical distribution of glamping in the world. Based on the identified characteristics, a qualitative research of glamping in Czechia were created, the methods of which are the analysis of market supply and demand and the method of semi-structured interview and field research. The empirical part of the thesis is based on an analysis of the current state of glamping in Czechia. In this part, the locations of glamping and the preconditions for glamping destinations in Czechia were defined, which contains also a general characteristic, which also deals with the target group and the seasonality of glamping. The thesis was written during the Covid-19 pandemic, and therefore examines its effects and consequences especially on glamping tourism. The main benefits of this work include the provision of the first comprehensive view of the phenomenon of glamping in the Czech environment, which no one has...

When the whole world was in lockdown and tourism was at a standstill due to the COVID19-pandemic, the Faroe Islands found an alternative way to let people experience their destination. They started the “Remote tourism” campaign which offered live virtual tours where users from all over the world could navigate the locals who were equipped with GoPro cameras on their helmets. But how satisfying can such an experience be? How do users experience virtual tours? And how do such virtual tours promote the willingness to visit a destination? This study aimed at answering those questions by conducting semi-structured interviews with members of Generation Y. The participants of the interview watched the recorded versions of the virtual tours offered by Visit Faroe Islands and were asked about their experience. There are different factors for a satisfying tourism experience, namely presence/telepresence, enjoyment, involvement, and flow. The results showed that these factors were also relevant to the virtual tourism experience. However, the virtual tours were experienced differently by different participants and the results cannot be generalized. Yet, this will likely be the case for the traditional tourism experience as well. The same tourism experience will be perceived differently by every individual. The results also showed that the virtual tours did promote the willingness to visit the Faroe Islands for the majority of participants – or it did not change to the worse at least.

This research explores the perspectives of the opinion leaders of the activism movement in Tenerife on tourism on the island and the solutions proposed by these stakeholders to the current sustainability problems related to tourism. These issues include tourist's misbehavior in natural protected areas, waste, submarine emissions of residual water sewage, water shortage, gentrification, overtourism, overpopulation, 14,6% of unemployment in 2022, decline of agricultural land, high population density, etc. Furthermore, this study looks into how sustainability is articulated by the activism movement. The information was gathered from seven semi-structured interviews with opinion leaders of the activism movement with backgrounds in different fields including terrestrial biology, marine biology, archaeology, apiculture and agriculture. A thematic analysis was used to catalogue their responses into common topics to gain an overall picture of their perspective. The activist movement perceives the current tourism model as part of a system that needs to change by controlling and setting boundaries to tourist flows, immigration, construction and real state. Furthermore, they suggest a societal change towards valuing the natural and cultural heritage of the island. Sustainability is articulated by the activists as a balance between humans and nature, which should be obtained through a democratic decision-making process that assesses a common sustainable vision in line with scientific evidence. The activists further suggest that the transition towards sustainability requires cooperation between top-down changes and bottom-up changes, which will ultimately also transform the type of tourism on the island.

Cette recherche porte sur l’adaptation socio-économique de la filière oléicole palestinienne face aux dispositifs de contrôle et de séparation israéliens (1993-2013). Cette filière a fait l’objet d’une profonde réhabilitation sur le plan politique, puisque les oliviers sont progressivement devenus l’icône du peuple palestinien et le symbole de sa lutte contre l’occupation. Tout en analysant la manière dont l’occupation bouleverse en profondeur leur environnement, l’étude envisage les Palestiniens comme des acteurs qui apprennent à contourner les restrictions israéliennes en développant des pratiques spécifiques et de nouveaux réseaux. L’analyse interroge notamment le rôle ambigu que jouent les acteurs étrangers, de plus en plus nombreux à se rendre en Cisjordanie pour des raisons professionnelles, touristiques, mais aussi militantes. Les oliviers palestiniens constituent un vecteur privilégié pour canaliser aussi bien les flux d’aide internationale que les manifestations de solidarité, ce qui génère de nombreuses retombées politiques et économiques. Des acteurs variés ont ainsi développé un large éventail de projets de développement, de services touristiques et de produits vendus au nom de la solidarité avec les Palestiniens, autour de l’oléiculture. En participant à ces nouveaux marchés, ils se soumettent à des contraintes qui les obligent à modifier leurs modes de faire, leurs discours, et leurs réseaux. Partant de l’étude des transformations des pratiques oléicoles sous l’effet de la politique de séparation, ce travail ouvre plus globalement sur une analyse de « l’économie de la séparation » et des relations entre les différents acteurs des espaces israélo-palestiniens / This research focuses on the socio-economic adaptation of the Palestinian olive oil sector in the face of Israeli control and separation schemes (1993-2013). This sector has benefited from a deep political rehabilitation, since olive trees have gradually become the icon of the Palestinian people and the symbol of their struggle against the occupation. While analyzing how the occupation devices deeply disrupt their environment, the study considers the Palestinians as active players who are learning to bypass Israeli restrictions by developing specific practices, formal and informal, and developing new networks. The analysis also focuses on the central role played by the growing number of foreigners in the West Bank (business people, tourists, pilgrims or activists). Palestinian olive trees are an opportune channel for both international aid and demonstrations of solidarity, generating many political and economic benefits. Various people have developed a wide range of development projects, tourist services and products sold in the name of solidarity with the Palestinians. By participating in these new markets, they undergo logistical and competitive constraints that force them to change their practices, their speeches and their networks. These interactions involve indeed a reorganization of economic practices but also a change in power, dependence and hierarchy relations between all the stakeholders. Based on the study of the transformations of olive practices as a result of the separation policy, this work opens more broadly into an analysis of "the separation of the economy" and the relationships between both the inhabitants and the visitors of Israeli-Palestinian lands.