O trauma crânio-encefálico contuso (TCEC) é freqüentemente seguido por um período de amnésia pós-traumática (APT), importante indicador da gravidade desse tipo de trauma e subsídio nas decisões sobre a reabilitação dessas vítimas. Considerando as diversas dificuldades que têm sido apontadas na literatura para estabelecer a duração da APT e algumas lacunas no conhecimento dessa síndrome, este estudo teve como objetivos: identificar os fatores relacionados à APT de longa duração (> 24 horas) entre as características apresentadas pelas vítimas de TCEC na fase aguda do trauma, comparar a qualidade de vida das vítimas que apresentaram APT de longa duração, com as demais e analisar a relação entre qualidade de vida e duração da APT, computando ou não o período de coma. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo longitudinal, com abordagem quantitativa, descritiva correlacional, utilizando dados tanto da fase aguda de tratamento (internação hospitalar pós-trauma), como também da avaliação de qualidade de vida realizada entre três e seis meses após o evento traumático. Foram alvo desta investigação 187 vítimas de TCEC, com idade superior a 14 anos, sem diagnóstico anterior de demência ou TCEC, atendidas em Pronto-Socorro de hospital de referência para atendimento de trauma na cidade de São Paulo, nas primeiras 12 horas após evento traumático e internadas nesse hospital entre dezembro de 2006 e outubro de 2007. As variáveis independentes analisadas para identificar fatores associados a longo tempo de APT foram idade, sexo, gravidade do trauma crânio-encefálico, local e tipo de lesão, número de lesões encefálicas diagnosticadas e uso de medicação com atividade em sistema nervoso central ou corticóides. A maioria da casuística era sexo masculino (86,2%), vítimas de acidentes de trânsito (58,3%), com indicação de TCEC leve pela ECGl (61,5%). A média da idade foi 38 anos (± 16,81), da duração de APT foi 7,8 dias (±12,2), incluindo o tempo de coma e 5,0 dias (±6,7), sem incluir esse período. Os fatores associados a APT de longa duração, identificados em modelo de regressão logística ajustado pela variável área de lesão (intra/extra axial), foram: ECGl inicial <= 12 (OR= 20,17) MAIS/cabeça >=3 (OR= 2,80) e uso de Fenitína (OR= 2,60), Midazolan (OR=2,83) ou ambas as drogas (OR= 3,83). Quando comparada à qualidade de vida entre as vítimas que apresentaram APT de longa e curta duração, observou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos nos domínios Capacidade Funcional, Limitação para Atividades Físicas e Atividade Social da SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). O grupo com APT de longa duração apresentou resultados mais desfavoráveis do que o de curta nesses três domínios. As análises de correlação entre domínios da SF-36 e duração da APT considerando ou não o tempo de coma indicaram que a medida do tempo de APT deve excluir o período coma, tendo em vista que as correlações foram mais expressivas quando essa forma de medida da APT foi utilizada / The closed traumatic brain injury (CTBI) is usually followed by a post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) period, important indicative of gravity to this kind of trauma and used to decisions for rehabilitation of the victims. Considering difficulties to establish the permanence of PTA in the available literature, as well as lack of knowledge of this Sindrome, this study had as main objectives: identify main points related to PTA of long term (> 24 hours) for CTBI victims during the hard period of trauma, compare victims\' quality of life for those who presented long term with those who doesn´t, and analysis the relationship between quality of life and PTA period, being the patients or not, in coma period. This is a quantitative study that was made using prospective, longitudinal and correlational approach, using data from both main intense phase of the treatment (pos trauma hospitalization) and quality of life valuation considered 3 to 6 months after the traumatic event. It was aim of this research 187 CTBI victims, with their age superior of 14 years old, with no demency diagnosis before the event or TBI, all attended by the emergency of a Refence hospital for trauma patients in São Paulo city, in their first 12 hours after the trauma and interned in this same hospital in the period of December 2006 and October 2007. The independent variables analysed to identify association points for the long term PTA was age, sex, brain encephalic trauma gravity, local and lesion kind, number of encephalic lesion diangosticated and medicament with action in the central neurologic system used or corticoids. The main patients were male (86.2%), victims from traffic accidents (58.3%), with indication of mild CTBI by GCS (61.5%). Age media of 38 years old (± 16.81), PTA period was 7.8 days (±12.2), including coma period and 5.0 days (±6.7), without including this period. Points associated with long term PTA, identified by logistic regression model adjusted by the variable of the lesion area (intra/extra axial), was: GCS initial <= 12 (OR= 20.17) AIS/head >=3 (OR= 2.80) and use of Fenitoin (OR= 2.60), Midazolan (OR=2.83) or both drugs (OR= 3.83). When compared to quality of life of the victims that presented PTA long and short term, it is seen significant difference in the groups observing domain, functional capacity, limitation for physical and social activities from the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). The group with long term PTA has presented worst results than the short term in these three domains. The related analysis made between domain of SF-36 and PTA time (duration) considering or not coma period of time has indicated that the measure of time from PTA must exclude coma period, as well as the studies and correlations were much more expressive when this measure of PTA was used

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often complain of a fading of new memories over days to weeks. This is particularly the case for patients with transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), a subtype of TLE. Objective memory testing sometimes corroborates this complaint, demonstrating normal or near-normal recall after standard delays (10-30 minutes), followed by a rapid decline in recall over longer delays (i.e. 1 week). This ‘nonstandard’ form of memory impairment has been termed accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF). It may reflect impairment of memory encoding, consolidation or retrieval. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the cognitive basis of ALF in TEA/TLE. The objectives were to: (a) determine the time scale of ALF of words (Chapter 3), (b) establish whether ALF affects picture recognition (Chapter 4), (c) establish whether ALF is affected by repeated retrieval (Chapter 2), number of learning trials (Chapter 5) and post-learning sensory stimulation (interference) (Chapter 5), (d) investigate ALF under incidental encoding conditions (Chapter 6), and (e) examine ALF associated with baclofen, a GABAB – receptor agonist (Chapter 7). A range of experimental paradigms and materials were applied to test memory function in several samples of TEA/TLE patients complaining of ALF and in healthy controls. The experiments revealed the following: ALF for word lists became apparent after 3–8 hours of daytime wakefulness, suggesting that disturbance of sleep related consolidation processes is not necessary for ALF to emerge in TEA. ALF for verbal information occurred both under incidental and intentional encoding conditions, and this rapid forgetting was not prevented by cued or recognition tests or by the matching of encoding conditions for patients and controls. This suggests that ALF is not associated primarily with an encoding or retrieval deficit. Although multiple learning trials and reduced sensory stimulation after learning reduced early forgetting (over 15-30 minutes) in TEA/TLE, neither factor reduced long-term forgetting. Moreover, in contrast to verbal recall, picture recognition was impoverished after minutes, but declined normally thereafter, demonstrating a subtle ‘early’ memory deficit in TEA, which might or might not be related to ALF. Overall, the present research suggests that ALF reflects a consolidation deficit, which results in accelerating forgetting the first few hours to days after memory acquisition, without a requirement for intervening sleep.

The dissolution of the monasteries (1536-40) was one of the most critical transformations wrought by the English Reformation. It was also perhaps the most visible manifestation of the idea that Henry VIII’s break with Rome was also a break with the medieval past. Yet despite this, historians have paid little attention to how the dissolution was remembered by those who experienced it or to the evolution of this memory in later generations. This thesis probes the nature of the diverse afterlives of the dissolution between 1536 and c. 1700. On one hand, it seeks to account for the persistence of the narratives of monastic corruption and the expediency of suppression propagated by the Henrician regime in the 1530s, which have continued insidiously to shape its modern historiography. On the other, it examines the development of alternative traditions which challenged and interacted with this orthodoxy, highlighting the multivocal and polyvalent character of a memory culture that was dynamic rather than static. The first chapter examines the attempts of the Henrician government to shape the memory of the dissolution in the 1530s and 1540s, and undertakes a re-assessment of the sources that have conventionally been used by historians of the dissolution. It highlights a triumphant Henrician narrative of monastic corruption and iniquity that the remainder of the thesis sets out to test, complicate, and unravel. The second chapter explores the relationship between the dissolution and early modern senses of time, chronology, and history. It asks both how perceptions of the dissolution shifted over time and how the protracted and complicated four-year long process of suppression came to be remembered as the historical event that we know as ‘the Dissolution of the Monasteries’. The third chapter turns away from the temporal dimensions of the memory of the dissolution to explore its material, visual, and spatial aspects. It argues that historians have been preoccupied with an emergent ‘nostalgia’ for the monasteries at the expense of a gentry antiquarian culture that instead promoted a powerful culture of amnesia. It focuses particularly on the neglected subject of converted religious houses, which quite literally embodied efforts to forget the dissolution and the monastic past. The final chapter focuses on local traditions of memory. It deploys evidence of oral culture mediated through antiquarian writing to question previous work on a purely secular, socio-economic memory of the dissolution. It argues that the concept of sacrilege and the emergence of a folklore of the dissolution are key to recovering the religious dimension of local memory cultures. If the thesis begins with an account of Henrician attempts to shape the legacies of the dissolution, it concludes by demonstrating how, by 1700, these memory-making processes were starting to be exposed. This thesis thereby demonstrates the value of exploring the dissolution in terms of its long afterlives. It also argues that the dissolution is a powerful case study of historical memory, raising larger questions about the relationship between contemporary memorialising practices and the models of periodisation inherited by modern scholarship, as well as making a significant contribution to the emergent interest in the memory of the English Reformation.

This paper describes the making of It’s Me, Sarah, a University of New Orleans thesis film. It explores the process of creating the film in three parts. Part one will examine the pre-production, including the writing and preparation for the shoot. Part two will detail the production, including the shooting affairs. Part three will cover the post-production process, which will include the editing. The document will then reference these three segments regarding the film’s theme and will conclude by evaluating whether the final film achieves its intended conception.

Previous research into the communication of people with amnesia found that they, and their familiar communication partners, used verbal play less frequently than pairs without amnesia (Duff et al., 2009). This study attempts to analyze an additional dimension of playful language use: partner response to verbal play. A rubric was developed to rate verbal play response on a 0-5 scale. The rubric was used to rate partner response in four communication pairs containing one partner with amnesia and one familiar communication partner; and four healthy pairs for comparison. The responses of the experimenter participating in the conversations were also rated. While the study found no differences between the two groups in terms of the familiar communication partners or the experimenter, the participants with amnesia received significantly lower overall scores than participants without amnesia. The participants with amnesia also produced a significantly lower proportion of responses with multiple turns than did healthy participants. This result adds to the body of evidence that memory disorders can affect social interaction. The rubric developed for this study suggests a possible direction for including partner response in analyses of conversational discourse.

Awareness due to increase crime has highlighted the occurrence of immense personal and social problems. Problems resulting from disorders such as Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) are less common but have a profound impact on all of us. Research has shown that 97% of people with severe abuse and life trauma before the age of nine, develop DID. The objective of this study was to investigate (from the perspectives of therapists) the experience of people diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in the workplace. A qualitative research design was used to capture the essence of the individual's experience thereby enabling the researcher to develop an understanding from the participant's point of view. In this study seven therapists were interviewed and each completed a questionnaire. This was the basis used to demonstrate the typical behaviour of DID in the workplace. The results indicated that DIDs cope to a certain extent but tend to switch (switching) personalities when exposed to trauma, stress or events that triggers past life trauma. Defense mechanisms and switching can have a negative influence on the organisation and its employees, but most of all on the DID. If professional treatment is available, the condition can be fully cured. Most patients treated were female, averaged 29 years of age, were single, and had experienced some kind of abuse. Patients experienced problems directly related to DID, such as lack of concentration, attention deficiency and memory loss, depression, migraine and constant headaches. Their behaviour is inconsistent and unpredictable, and they experience relationship problems. Results show that DIDs can hold relatively senior positions but tend to change jobs on a regular basis. Although this condition can be differentiated from other Psychological conditions, most DIDs have previously been misdiagnosed. A Psychological-based paradigm is mostly used to diagnose the condition. Recommendations to the organisation (especially to the HR department) and recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Awareness due to increase crime has highlighted the occurrence of immense personal and social problems. Problems resulting from disorders such as Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) are less common but have a profound impact on all of us. Research has shown that 97% of people with severe abuse and life trauma before the age of nine, develop DID. The objective of this study was to investigate (from the perspectives of therapists) the experience of people diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in the workplace. A qualitative research design was used to capture the essence of the individual's experience thereby enabling the researcher to develop an understanding from the participant's point of view. In this study seven therapists were interviewed and each completed a questionnaire. This was the basis used to demonstrate the typical behaviour of DID in the workplace. The results indicated that DIDs cope to a certain extent but tend to switch (switching) personalities when exposed to trauma, stress or events that triggers past life trauma. Defense mechanisms and switching can have a negative influence on the organisation and its employees, but most of all on the DID. If professional treatment is available, the condition can be fully cured. Most patients treated were female, averaged 29 years of age, were single, and had experienced some kind of abuse. Patients experienced problems directly related to DID, such as lack of concentration, attention deficiency and memory loss, depression, migraine and constant headaches. Their behaviour is inconsistent and unpredictable, and they experience relationship problems. Results show that DIDs can hold relatively senior positions but tend to change jobs on a regular basis. Although this condition can be differentiated from other Psychological conditions, most DIDs have previously been misdiagnosed. A Psychological-based paradigm is mostly used to diagnose the condition. Recommendations to the organisation (especially to the HR department) and recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Diencephalic amnesia is thought to be the result of damage to a single thalamic structure that is responsible for the memory impairment. However, an alternative view is that different thalamic structures contribute to the memory impairment in subtly different ways. Paired-associate learning is one important measure of learning and memory that is highly sensitive to disruption in people with amnesia or dementia. The current study will investigate the influence of lesions to two thalamic subregions, the anterior thalamic nuclei (AT) and the lateral thalamic nuclei (LT) in an object-odour paired associate learning task. Each of these subregions has been suggested by the literature as critical for amnesia after thalamus injury. The current study does not involve a place/ space component. Both AT and LT lesions caused impairments in the object-odour paired associate task, but not in the simple discrimination tasks. The results of this study provide new evidence to suggest that the anterior thalamic region may be responsible for more than spatial memory processing. This result is inconsistent with those of Aggleton & Brown (1999) that consider the AT to be part of an 'extended hippocampal system'. The deficits observed from LT lesions in this study provide new insight into the lateral thalamic region's role in pattern processing.

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

O trauma crânio-encefálico contuso (TCEC) é freqüentemente seguido por um período de amnésia pós-traumática (APT), importante indicador da gravidade desse tipo de trauma e subsídio nas decisões sobre a reabilitação dessas vítimas. Considerando as diversas dificuldades que têm sido apontadas na literatura para estabelecer a duração da APT e algumas lacunas no conhecimento dessa síndrome, este estudo teve como objetivos: identificar os fatores relacionados à APT de longa duração (> 24 horas) entre as características apresentadas pelas vítimas de TCEC na fase aguda do trauma, comparar a qualidade de vida das vítimas que apresentaram APT de longa duração, com as demais e analisar a relação entre qualidade de vida e duração da APT, computando ou não o período de coma. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo longitudinal, com abordagem quantitativa, descritiva correlacional, utilizando dados tanto da fase aguda de tratamento (internação hospitalar pós-trauma), como também da avaliação de qualidade de vida realizada entre três e seis meses após o evento traumático. Foram alvo desta investigação 187 vítimas de TCEC, com idade superior a 14 anos, sem diagnóstico anterior de demência ou TCEC, atendidas em Pronto-Socorro de hospital de referência para atendimento de trauma na cidade de São Paulo, nas primeiras 12 horas após evento traumático e internadas nesse hospital entre dezembro de 2006 e outubro de 2007. As variáveis independentes analisadas para identificar fatores associados a longo tempo de APT foram idade, sexo, gravidade do trauma crânio-encefálico, local e tipo de lesão, número de lesões encefálicas diagnosticadas e uso de medicação com atividade em sistema nervoso central ou corticóides. A maioria da casuística era sexo masculino (86,2%), vítimas de acidentes de trânsito (58,3%), com indicação de TCEC leve pela ECGl (61,5%). A média da idade foi 38 anos (± 16,81), da duração de APT foi 7,8 dias (±12,2), incluindo o tempo de coma e 5,0 dias (±6,7), sem incluir esse período. Os fatores associados a APT de longa duração, identificados em modelo de regressão logística ajustado pela variável área de lesão (intra/extra axial), foram: ECGl inicial <= 12 (OR= 20,17) MAIS/cabeça >=3 (OR= 2,80) e uso de Fenitína (OR= 2,60), Midazolan (OR=2,83) ou ambas as drogas (OR= 3,83). Quando comparada à qualidade de vida entre as vítimas que apresentaram APT de longa e curta duração, observou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos nos domínios Capacidade Funcional, Limitação para Atividades Físicas e Atividade Social da SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). O grupo com APT de longa duração apresentou resultados mais desfavoráveis do que o de curta nesses três domínios. As análises de correlação entre domínios da SF-36 e duração da APT considerando ou não o tempo de coma indicaram que a medida do tempo de APT deve excluir o período coma, tendo em vista que as correlações foram mais expressivas quando essa forma de medida da APT foi utilizada / The closed traumatic brain injury (CTBI) is usually followed by a post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) period, important indicative of gravity to this kind of trauma and used to decisions for rehabilitation of the victims. Considering difficulties to establish the permanence of PTA in the available literature, as well as lack of knowledge of this Sindrome, this study had as main objectives: identify main points related to PTA of long term (> 24 hours) for CTBI victims during the hard period of trauma, compare victims\' quality of life for those who presented long term with those who doesn´t, and analysis the relationship between quality of life and PTA period, being the patients or not, in coma period. This is a quantitative study that was made using prospective, longitudinal and correlational approach, using data from both main intense phase of the treatment (pos trauma hospitalization) and quality of life valuation considered 3 to 6 months after the traumatic event. It was aim of this research 187 CTBI victims, with their age superior of 14 years old, with no demency diagnosis before the event or TBI, all attended by the emergency of a Refence hospital for trauma patients in São Paulo city, in their first 12 hours after the trauma and interned in this same hospital in the period of December 2006 and October 2007. The independent variables analysed to identify association points for the long term PTA was age, sex, brain encephalic trauma gravity, local and lesion kind, number of encephalic lesion diangosticated and medicament with action in the central neurologic system used or corticoids. The main patients were male (86.2%), victims from traffic accidents (58.3%), with indication of mild CTBI by GCS (61.5%). Age media of 38 years old (± 16.81), PTA period was 7.8 days (±12.2), including coma period and 5.0 days (±6.7), without including this period. Points associated with long term PTA, identified by logistic regression model adjusted by the variable of the lesion area (intra/extra axial), was: GCS initial <= 12 (OR= 20.17) AIS/head >=3 (OR= 2.80) and use of Fenitoin (OR= 2.60), Midazolan (OR=2.83) or both drugs (OR= 3.83). When compared to quality of life of the victims that presented PTA long and short term, it is seen significant difference in the groups observing domain, functional capacity, limitation for physical and social activities from the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36). The group with long term PTA has presented worst results than the short term in these three domains. The related analysis made between domain of SF-36 and PTA time (duration) considering or not coma period of time has indicated that the measure of time from PTA must exclude coma period, as well as the studies and correlations were much more expressive when this measure of PTA was used