Tourism service is the navigation industry of Taiwan economic development in 21st century. There¡¦re lots of special B&Bs recently, which not only serve for accommodations but serve in-depth tour as well, and make passengers can totally consider the local culture during the tour. B&Bs differ from hotels' emphasis on professional service, the operation of B&Bs stress breadth,speed, and customization service. Thus, this research will study the training needs and contents for B&Bs in Taiwan. The goal of this research will study B&Bs' value of training nowadays and deeply study the training ways and needs suited for B&Bs. The data of hotels and B&Bs in this study is from "Taiwan Host Event" held by Tourism Bureau, MOTC, R.O.C.. Meanwhile, this study chooses eight B&Bs to analyze through interview, documentary analysis, and then used literature analysis to conclude. The definition of B&Bs in this study is self-characteristic, delicate, special ,and creative tourist and lodging house. B&Bs' business model is differ from general hotels and the training needs should be 4 points as follows: 1.OJT/ Off-JT strengthening: With the development of information technology, people can get more information and much interaction through the internet. The training of B&Bs should be focus on interactive study ; on-the-job training and off-job-training would be the key point. 2.B&Bs Social time planning: Not only being familiar with SOP and customers accommodation, but the emergency management is the best time to show quality of service as well. Thus, emergency management is the most significant; B&Bs can share with each experience and interact through workshop, and can easily learn how to deal with emergency situation during the training class. 3.Service Style establishment: The most important thing to build up each B&B own style is creation and getting into the swing of B&Bs industry. Therefore, how to strengthen the ability of perception, innovation and creation, is much more important than SOP training. 4.Cross-Field class connecting and planning: Tourism service has its own specific characteristics, and B&Bs cannot meet the whole tour needs. How to make strategic alliance from different small and medium tourism service through vertical or horizontal integration and enhance the development of regional tourism service, will be the key point to strengthen the regional competitiveness.

The essence of the paper is the characteristic of Bed & Breakfast (B&B) in Kenting, analyzing the pioneer¡¦s story and its successful condition thoroughly. To start an enterprise is a process to revise the interaction between individual and the environment. The pioneers are not satisfied with the mode of life, so they expect to pursue the ideal life by starting an enterprise. Economy used to be one of the major reason but not anymore. Therefore, starting an enterprise is the way to pursue the dreamland. Everyone has his dream, and it will affect the operation of the B&B. The commercial operation, the emotional operation, or humanities concern etc, all create an unique life style and operation. Not only the poineer¡¦s life has being changed, but the new features of Kenting was formed because of the blossom on the B&B. In order to combine the industry with the local environment and features, B&B becomes an extended knowledge of local. In recent years, the Internet was limitless, people can use the Blog and guestbook to update the information about the hostel anytime, share their traveling experience, and set up a platform for communication. Its high instantaneity and geniality promote the marketing efficiency. Analyzing the characteristic of B&B in Kenting, we will detect the enterprise filled with the essence of creating survival esthetics. Facing the dilemma of the previous environment, the pioneer creates the ideal life style with the positive attitude, finding the way to solve the difficulty actively. Whether the personal thought, life style, or the adaption to the environment, were all showing their originality and enthusiasm and conduct ¡§strategic creation¡¨. Foucault¡¦s survival esthetics explains the spirit of the pioneer and the change B&B brings about, the mode of the enterprise also shows the poineer¡¦s unique life style.

The presented thesis deals with food and beverage section of Wellness Hotel Frymburk. The aim of the thesis is to analyze product of food and beverage section of Wellness Hotel Frymburk, comparasion with dining facilities in the selected area. An important goal is also a reccomendation for the further development of the product the studied hotel. Also will be inquired customer satisfaction with the current state of the service provided in this thesis. They will be also consulted on the opinions of management at current issues. In this thesis will be solved particulary the issue of regional gastronomy and employees in food service.

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of restaurant facilities, belonging to a B&B and leased to a professional restaurateur, upon the revenue of the B&B. This study assessed the physical demands placed on the B&B operator by an on-premises restaurant. Lack of sufficient data precluded proving the premise that an on-premises restaurant leased to a restaurateur would increase the income of the B&B without placing undue physical demands on the B&B operator. However, many contributing factors support the importance of a B&B having an on-premises restaurant that is leased to a professional restaurateur.

Esta tesis consiste en cuatro trabajos independientes. En amplios términos los dos temas generales que trata se pueden clasificar como fusiones horizontales y comparaciones de los parámetros del mercado del equilibrio entre competencia en precios y cantidades. En el articulo, "Fusiones con funciones de oferta", analizo los efectos de una fusión en una industria que produce un bien homogéneo cuando las empresas compiten eligien funciones de oferta. Las empresas eligen las funciones que relacionan su oferta con el precio de mercado. La competencia a la Cournot donde las empresas eligen a las cantidades, y la competencia a la Bertrand donde las empresas eligen los precios son casos especiales de la competencia en funciones de oferta. Considero una industria con un nivel fijo de capital. El capital una empresa define su tecnología de producción. Una fusión crea no solamente una empresa más grande, pero también una con una estructura más eficiente del coste que cualesquiera de sus componentes. Se muestra que cualquier fusión hace que todas las empresas que bajen su producción. La disminución de la producción por las empresas no participantes hace cualquier fusión rentable. Cualquier fusión en una industria con el capital social igualmente distribuido conduce a una pérdida del bienestar. Finalmente, una fusión es más probable que aumente el bienestar si aumenta la "simetría" en la industria. En mi trabajo "Fusiones bajo la incertidumbre", considero las decisiones de fusionar de empresas que producen bienes diferenciados en un mercado con choques idiosincrásicos de la demanda. Las empresas toman sus decisiones de fusionar antes de que choques afecten a la industria. Todas las empresas comparten la misma información sobre las condiciones de mercado en cualquier momento. En particular, después de un choque, todas las empresas saben todos los parámetros relevantes del mercado. Así, una fusión no produce ninguna ventaja informativa. Exploro el modelo bajo dos modos de competencia. Comparando los incentivos para fusionar con los incentivos en el caso de un mercado determinista, encuentro que la característica incierta en el modelo aumentan la rentabilidad de una fusión bajo competencia de precio, mientras que con competencia en cantidades, su efecto sobre la rentabilidad de la fusión es ambiguo. Sin embargo, si hay incentivos a fusionar en el caso determinista, después de la incertidumbre, aumenta la rentabilidad de la fusión. En mi trabajo "Comparando los precios de Bertrand y de Cournot: Un caso de substitutos y de complementos " confirma la sabiduría común según la cual la competencia del precio es más competitiva que la competencia de la cantidad. Resultados anteriores que apoyan esta visión en mercados de productos substitutos o en mercados de productos complementarios. Considero el caso cuando los complementos y los substitutos coexisten en un mercado de productos diferenciado. El artículo "Innovación en un modelo asimétrico: Comparando los equilibrios de Cournot y de Bertrand ". Este artículo compara los resultados y la eficiencia dinámica de los equilibrios de Cournot y de Bertrand en un duopolio diferenciado, donde solamente una empresa puede reducir el coste marginal antes de la competencia en el mercado de producto. Demostramos que, con alta sustitución y costes bajos de innovación: - los niveles de I&D pueden ser más altos bajo competencia de precio si la difusión es baja; - la producción, el exceso del consumidor y el bienestar total pueden ser más grandes bajo Cournot si la difusión es alta. Un nuevo resultado de este artículo es que con la innovación de proceso, los consumidores y los productores pueden encontrarse en mejor situación bajo competencia de cantidad. Proporcionamos ejemplos numéricos bien definidos que demuestran que estos resultados no dependen de la asimetría del modelo. / This dissertation consists of four pieces of independent work. In broad terms two general themes that it addresses can be classified as horizontal mergers and comparison of equilibrium market parameters in Cournot and Bertrand competition.In my paper, "Mergers with supply functions", I analyze the equilibrium effects of a merger in a homogenous good industry when firms compete by choosing supply schedules. Firms choose functions that relate their supply to the market price. Cournot competition where firms commit to quantities, and Bertrand competition where firms commit to prices are special cases of supply function competition - they exogenously impose horizontal and vertical supply schedules on the firms. I consider an industry with a fixed capital stock. A merger creates not only a larger firm, but also one with more efficient cost structure than any of its constituents. I find that any merger results in all firms lowering supply. The decrease in supply by non-participating firms makes any merger profitable. This differs from the effects of mergers under Cournot competition where the non-participating firms expand their supply, reducing the profitability of a merger. Any merger in an industry with equally distributed capital stock leads to a welfare loss. Finally, a merger is more likely to be welfare enhancing if it increases the "symmetry" in the industry.In my paper, titled "Mergers under uncertainty", I consider the merger decisions of firms producing differentiated products in a market with idiosyncratic demand shocks. Firms make their merger decisions taking into account that future shocks will hit the industry. All firms share the same information about the market conditions at any time. In particular, after the arrival of a shock all firms know all the relevant market parameters. Thus, a merger does not produce any informational advantage. I explore the model under two competition modes. By comparing the incentives for merger with the incentives in a benchmark case of a deterministic market, I find that the uncertain feature in the model increases the attractiveness of a merger under price competition, while with Cournot competition its effect on merger profitability is ambiguous. However, if there are incentives to merge in the deterministic case, then uncertainty increases the profitability of the merger. .In my short paper, "Comparing Bertrand and Cournot prices: A case of substitutes and complements", I reasses the common wisdom according to which price competition is more competitive than quantity competition. Previous results supporting this view deal with either substitute products markets or symmetric complement products markets. I consider the case when complements and substitutes co-exist in a differentiated products market. I introduce a set of symmetry criteria for this market, and show that when they are fulfilled, there exists a symmetric Bertrand equilibrium with a lower price than the price resulting from any symmetric Cournot equilibrium.The last piece of work in the thesis, "Innovation in an Asymmetric Setting: Comparing Cournot and Bertrand Equilibria", is a joint work with Ioana Chioveanu. This paper compares the outcomes and the dynamic efficiency of Cournot and Bertrand equilibria in a differentiated duopoly with substitute goods, where only one firm can reduce marginal cost before product market competition. We show that, with high substitutability and low innovation costs: -R&D levels can be higher under price competition if spillovers are low;-output, consumer surplus and total welfare can be larger under Cournot if spillovers are high.A new result of this article is that with process innovation, both consumers and producers can be better off under quantity competition. We provide well-defined numeric examples showing that these findings do not depend on the asymmetry of the model. The fact that innovation levels may be higher in Bertrand competition is consistent with the findings of Bester and Petrakis (1993). We identify a parameter equivalence that extends all their results from process to product innovation: In particular, incentives to improve quality may be larger under price competition, if substitutability is high.

Recently, imagination and creativity is seen as keys for innovation and success factors .Imagination can create new idea and invent new things. It¡¦s a critical role to develop new markets for enterprises or dominate new industries. Meanwhile, the imagination is related to future. When imagination is use to predict the future, it is necessary to combine the knowledge base, creativity and the ideal value, and its focus is not on the accuracy of the prophecy, but rather the thoughts and actions triggered by this process. The new thinking is that the source of organizational innovation should come from the imagination of the leaders, business leaders must understand the vision and imagination influence than all other external information. Different from typical hotel industry, B&Bs give tourists more than just a place to stay, instead, they provide a place which full of local cultural and characteristics to enjoy. Since Taiwan government allowed resident of China visiting Taiwan from July 2008, B&Bs play a important role to attract these tourist. Therefore, more and more people started their business in B&Bs industry, but not everyone can be successful. So in this study, I focus on what relations are between the success in B&Bs and imagination? What is imagination process?

This essay examines how reference music can be used as a tool to fix weaknesses within my own songwriting and production process. The weaknesses were found by analysing feedback from other students on my own music. Four reference artists were then analysed with the intent of finding solutions to these weaknesses. Four new songs were then written and produced by implementing the solutions from the reference artists into the creative process. The results were mostly positive, as the songs had improved on various issues found in the feedback analysis. However, the method restricted the creative process in some occasions rather than inspiring it. The reasons for this are in part due to the choice of reference artists and which aspects of their music were in focus for the analysis. / I detta arbete undersöker jag hur referensmusik kan användas som ett verktyg för att stärka svagheter i mitt eget låtskrivande- och produktionsprocess. Svagheterna hittades genom att analysera feedback från andra studenter på min egen musik. Därefter analyserades fyra referensartister med syftet att hitta lösningar på dessa svagheter. Fyra nya låtar skrevs sedan och producerades genom att implementera lösningarna från referensartisterna till den kreativa processen. Resultaten var mestadels positiva, eftersom låtarna förbättrades på olika svagheter som hittades i feedbackanalysen. Metoden begränsade dock den kreativa processen i vissa tillfällen snarare än att inspirera den. Anledningarna till detta beror dels på valet av referensartister och vilka aspekter av deras musik som analyserna var inriktade på.

Revised; Originally Published: 2000 / 8 pp. / Whether you are beginning a new landscape or renovating an existing one, planning ahead can prevent many problems. The majority of maintenance requirements and plant problems result from either selecting the wrong kind of plant for a location or planting an inferior specimen of the selected plant type. In other words, there are two decisions to be made: ▪ What species, or kind, of tree are you going to buy — an oak, pine, mesquite, or acacia? ▪ Assuming you decide on an oak, which one in the row of oaks at the nursery are you going to buy? The first decision is called Plant Selection and the second is Selecting Plants. Our goal is to install the right plant in the right place. This publication will cover the factors involved in making good decisions to achieve this goal.

Nowadays, businesses are considering implementing sustainability and using it as a strategy. Many corporate are focusing on the sustainability of their business, hence how do small businesses or entrepreneurs approaching sustainability? Is sustainability essentialfor them as well? This study focuses on young entrepreneurs' perspectives towards sustainability implementation and theirmotivation on opening a business in the F&B industry. The youngentrepreneurs' backgrounds, beliefs, and characteristics willinfluence their perspectives on sustainability implementation. The aim of this study is to know young entrepreneurs’ perspectives on implementing sustainability in the F&B business. This study uses a qualitative research method and focuses on five young entrepreneurs from Indonesia and Malaysia. The theoretical framework is targeting the F&B industry, entrepreneurs' actions in the business,sustainability as strategy, last but not least sustainability, andbusiness. The data collection uses structured interviews andqualitative interviews. The result of the study is shown as thecombination of theoretical frameworks and interviews; thus, it wasdivided into young entrepreneurs' actions in the business andperspectives of sustainability implementation.

The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has constantly promoted sustainable tourism development as well as played an important role since 1980; in addition, numerous standards were regulated accordingly. Under the impacts of both environment protection, energy saving and carbon reduction, the marketing strategy of numerous operators have been changes consequently. The ecological or environment lodging facilities gradually adopted by the people in this trade; nevertheless, there are still not appropriate criteria of green B&B for domestic lodge industry to carry out related strategies. One of the major aims of this study is to establish the criteria of green B&B and index of feasible implementation, and constitute index levels with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), as the major basis of conducting survey of adoption willingness of lodge operator in implementing environment protection strategy. Next, this study intends to explore the current status of environment strategy implemented by B&B manager as well as the factors influence the adoption willingness. Third, find out any other factors and significance that could affect the adoption willingness of B&B manager to carry out strategy. Fourth, this study intends to locate the factors and significance of influencing consumer in accepting environment protection strategy (lodging willingness). There are three research targets employed by the design method of this study, namely, representative experts and scholars in the related domain, for presenting construct index and significance degree; research model establishment of B&B manager, the green B&B index are used for interview and questionnaire survey methods, so as to confirm the aim of this study; and finally the research model establishment of lodge consumer, through hierarchical regression analysis and relevant statistic analysis, to explain significant meaning and reason of variables. The research result proves that green B&B index can be simplifies into eight main dimensions and concrete strategies (management and marketing, social participation and communication, energy management, water resources management, green purchase, solid waste treatment, green restaurant and lodge activities, natural and cultural resources), for reference by verification unit. Secondly, in the research model of B&B manager, environment knowledge behavior would influence the self-efficacy, and further affect the adoption willingness. For operator, the higher the compatibility of environment strategy is, the higher of adoption willingness will be. Finally, in the research model of consumer, the higher the frequency that consumer engaged in the environment related activity, the higher the willingness of selecting green B&B will be; while environment knowledge behavior would affect the perceived caracteristics of innovation, lodge preference, and attitude of engaging in environment activity of consumer. This study defines the implication of promoting green B&B development strategy is ¡§to educate B&B managers attach more importance on environment ethics, and encourage consumer to change the attitude of recreation activity.¡¨ Furthermore, with the conception of simplified green lodge index, to direct towards tourism map planning of ecology village, apart from the unique features of ¡§green B&B¡¨ image, to minimize the impact of recreation environment. By employing innovation diffusion theory (IDT) model in the behavior prediction of environment behavior and tourism behavior strategy, the result of this study could be served as a useful reference for following researches.