Orientador: Archimedes Perez Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T10:11:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ReisJunior_DanteFlaviodaCosta_D.pdf: 4793658 bytes, checksum: 63dd1d6591c7d6b2a2da5b9c94ed7f77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Estudos epistemológicos e historiográficos há muito chamam a atenção da comunidade científica. O elo que liga ao contexto a natureza das produções científicas é, por exemplo, uma questão que a tem atraído. A Geografia também deve a fundamentação do que nela se produz às circunstâncias e às visões de mundo operantes. Daí, então, surgir o interesse em examinar o desenvolvimento destas visões e, mais do que isso, o modo como elas se infiltram nos discursos. Esta Tese quer acordar aqueles dois estudos na exposição de um específico tema: a interatividade disciplinar (em termos de um método em comum, progressivo) corroborando a hipótese de que as fenomenologias podem encontrar relativa similitude nos aspectos funcional e/ou lingüístico. Para isso, a pesquisa empreendida examina a incorporação discursiva do referido tema; e averiguando sua ocorrência nas textualizações de um geógrafo brasileiro (Antonio Christofoletti, 1936-1999). A Tese sonda a adoção da fraseologia naturalista pelas ciências humanas ao longo da história e dá destaque àquela que, em tom sistêmico, vem sendo ainda aprimorada e replicada. E a narrativa do caso geográfico ¿ em circunstância que reaproximou a disciplina dos positivismos ¿ é precisamente veiculada pela análise de registros textuais do referido autor (pelo que eles permitem deduzir, portanto). Christofoletti contribuiu para a publicidade, na cena doméstica, da revolução metodológica advinda com a ¿Nova Geografia¿. Jogou, pois, o papel de divulgador (desde um sítio paulista) dos benefícios, mas também riscos inerentes às ferramentas que o movimento implantou (analogia fisicista, matematismos). Acontece que tais instrumentos têm sobrevivido em regime de contínua remodelagem, adensando, sobretudo, a linguagem sistêmica; conseqüentemente, persiste a sugestão de que o ecumenismo entre as ciências poderia se dar pela via de um bastante singular molde abstrato. Nesse norte, a Tese ¿ baseada em pesquisa estritamente bibliográfica ¿ inspeciona o pensamento de um autor que, recorrendo à leitura de sua época, pôs reparo prioritário na progressividade e larga aplicação do método sistêmico. De modo a esclarecer ao leitor a natureza das questões justificantes/condicionantes do mesmo pensamento, o texto compreende, inicialmente, uma coleção de temas. Destinada, então, a explicar os elementos que, concertados, ajudam a entender (como se ingredientes fossem) do que é feito o discurso científico de Christofoletti, dessa seção estrutural são extraídas ¿chaves¿. O artifício, ademais, tenciona evidenciar sua amarração ao contexto histórico, bem como sua filiação teóricofilosófica / Abstract: Epistemological and historiographical studies early draw attention of scientific community. The link that connects to the context the nature of the scientific productions is, for example, a question which has been attractive to this community. Geography also owes the foundation of its productions to the circumstances and the influential world visions. From that, then, arises the interest in examine the development of these visions and, more than that, the way they penetrate in the discourses. This Thesis wants to put in agreement the two mentioned studies during the exposition of a specific theme: the disciplinary interactivity (in terms of a common method, progressive) corroborating the hypothesis that phenomenologies may find relative similarity in functional and/or linguistic aspects. For this, the undertaken research examines the discursive incorporation of the mentioned theme; and investigating its occurrence in the textualizations of a brazilian geographer (Antonio Christofoletti, 1936-1999). The Thesis searches the adoption of the naturalistic phraseology for human sciences all along the history and emphasizes the one that, in systemic tone, is still under improvement and dissemination. About the narrative of the geographic case ¿ in circumstance that has again approximated the discipline to the positivisms ¿ it is precisely made through the analysis of the author¿s textual registers (by what the registers make possible to deduce, therefore). Christofoletti contributed to the publicity, in the domestic scene, of the methodological revolution succeeded with the ¿New Geography¿. Thus, he played the role of benefits¿ divulger (since an epicenter in Sao Paulo state) and also inherent risks to the tools that the movement introduced (physicist analogy, mathematisms). Nevertheless, such apparatuses have been surviving in continuous remodeling regime, and strengthening mainly the systemic language; consequently, the suggestion that ecumenism between the sciences could be presented through a very singular abstract mould persists. In this way, the Thesis ¿ based only on bibliographic research ¿ inspects the thought of an author that appealing to the reading of his time has dedicate attention to the progressiveness and large application of the systemic method. In order to explain the nature of the subjects that justify/condition the cited thought, the text includes, firstly, a themes collection. So that it explains the elements that (when arranged) help us to understand (as they were ¿ingredients¿) what Christofoletti¿s scientific discourse is made of, ¿keys¿ are extracted from this structural section. The artifice, furthermore, purpose to offer evidence of it linkage with the historic context, as well as its theoretical-philosophic filiation / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutor em Ciências

Depuis la moitié du XXe siècle, de nombreux chercheurs se sont penchés sur les objets et images laissés par les peuples précolombiens comme les Mochicas afin d’essayer de reconstruire ces anciennes cultures. Avec cette recherche, nous nous inscrivons dans la lignée de ces chercheurs en tentant de reconstruire le portrait de l’ontologie analogique telle que développée par les Mochicas (250-900 EC) en utilisant les représentations de crabes réalistes comme mythologiques sur le médium céramique comme sujet d’étude. Nous employons les théories de Philippe Descola, autant en ce qui concerne une définition du concept d’ontologie analogiste que pour les formes traditionnelles d’expression figurative de cette ontologie, afin d’établir une base théorique pour notre analyse. Notre étude se concentre sur un corpus de 251 céramiques que nous avons analysé pour leurs qualités formelles, iconographiques et techniques chacune de ces trois catégories nous ayant permis de mettre en lumière de riches relations ainsi qu’une panoplie d’analogies complexes. La forme des céramiques nous permet de mettre en évidence l’omniprésence visuelle de la structure analogique de l’univers mochica dans leur quotidien ainsi que les réseaux d’objets établis à travers l’espace et au coeur des différentes traditions stylistiques. L’iconographie des crabes se présente particulièrement appropriée pour cette recherche car ces êtres se situent au coeur d’un espace liminal où de nombreuses dualités se croisent. En effet, les dualismes se révèlent comme une base permettant à l’analogisme d’éclore. Les crabes sont aussi des êtres entretenant un certain nombre de relations complexes avec différents animaux et personnages mythologiques comme le Dieu à ceinture de serpents pour n’en nommer qu’un. Ainsi, les crabes occupent une place particulière au sein de la chaîne des analogies caractérisant le cosmos mochica, une chaîne qu’ils parviennent à naviguer de manière très fluide. C’est finalement avec l’étude des techniques de traitement de l’iconographie que nous parvenons à mettre en avant les analogies et relations consciemment entretenues par les potiers mochicas, ceci fait dans le but d’orienter la lecture des objets dans un sens bien précis. Ainsi, en employant ces trois catégories, nous décortiquons les différentes composantes de l’expression de l’analogisme au coeur des traditions stylistiques mochica. Avec cette recherche, nous cherchons notamment à mettre en valeur l’importance d’étudier l’art mochica de manière holiste, soit en analysant toutes les composantes de l’objet ensemble et non simplement l’image présentée dessus et ce, en lien avec différents facteurs culturels et environnementaux. / Since the mid-twentieth century, many scholars have taken a closer look at the objects and images left by pre-Columbian peoples such as the Moche in an attempt to rebuild the profiles of these ancient cultures. With this research, we follow in the footsteps of these scholars by attempting to reconstruct the portrait of the analogic ontology as developed by the Moche (250- 900 CE) using realistic as well as mythological representations of crabs on the ceramic medium as our subject of study. We use the theories of Philippe Descola, both for a definition of the concept of the analogist ontology and for the traditional forms of figurative expressions of this ontology, to establish a theoretical basis for our analysis. Our study focuses on a corpus of 251 ceramics that we have analyzed for their formal, iconographic and technical qualities, each of these three categories having allowed us to bring to light some rich relationships as well as a panoply of complex analogies. The shape of the ceramics allows us to highlight the visual omnipresence of the analogic structure of the Moche universe as well as the networks of objects established across space and different stylistic traditions. The iconography of the crabs is particularly appropriate for this research because these beings are located in the heart of a liminal space where many dualities cross. Indeed, we will see that the dualisms, particularly important within the Moche cosmovision, reveal themselves as a base allowing the analogism to bloom. The crabs are also beings that maintain a number of complex relations with different animals and mythological characters such as the Snake Belt God, to name but one. Thus, the crabs hold a particular place within the chain of analogies characterizing the Moche cosmos, a place that they manage to navigate in a very fluid way. It is finally with the study of the techniques of treatment of the iconography that we manage to highlight the analogies and relationships consciously maintained by the Moche potters, this with the aim of orienting the reading of the objects in a very precise way. Thus, using these three categories, we unravel the different components of the expression of analogism at the heart of Moche stylistic traditions. With this research, we seek to emphasize the importance of studying Moche art holistically, that is, by analyzing all the components of the object together and not just the image presented on it, in relation to various cultural and environmental factors.