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Everything comes from everything, and everything is made out of everything, and everything returns into everything : Leonardo's analogical (re)searchEconomides, Aliki January 2002 (has links)
No description available.
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The effects of generating inferences about a solution principle on analogical transfer in children and adults.Yanowitz, Karen L. 01 January 1993 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
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The Missed Connections: An Architecture of IdentityBocchino, Christian Joseph 08 July 2021 (has links)
Missed connections are inherently everywhere: they exist within the passerby on the street and the one sitting next to us on our daily commute. Perplexingly, the most overlooked of all missed connections exist within the very buildings we inhabit on a daily basis. At this human scale, an inexplicit absence of the anthropogenic identity has become rooted by the hyper-perfection and immediate gratification of chasmic, value-engineered buildings; ones which ultimately fail to bridge the synapses of memory. As the experience that one feels when occupying a building begins to mediate among the realms of the temporary and the eternal; an inherent irony stems from the idea that maybe, the most immutable memory of a building may rise from the most impermanent of places.
Perceived through the lens of a decommissioned textile factory serving both a college town and a greater metropolitan corridor, this thesis recaptures vicissitudes of timely breadths; interjecting them back into the edifice. The proposal, an episodic vessel in triptych form intends to house:
A museum to preserve past textile identities.
A marketplace and restaurant to promote current anthropogenic stories.
A rail station to propose a transient future.
The mental photographs of a built environment, intrinsically developed on an evocative film are seldom a mass of ubiquity: they are the fixture, they are the detail; they are the past, they are the present; they are the immediate, lineal, and future place…
…they are the missed connections. / Master of Architecture / This thesis seeks to navigate the world of "missed connections" - moments throughout the built environment which are often overlooked, forgotten, taken for granted, or ignored as one becomes lost in the hustle and bustle of today's tribulations. As it encompasses a vast number of timelines; some past, some immediate, and others future, missed connections make their way into every day life. One example may be the way a door is hung; another, the way a beam meets a column; the way a material is utilized, or even, the way one passes through or inhabits a space. Beyond these constructed landscapes, missed connections arrive as those we meet on a morning commute; the person we share a drink with in a crowded bar, or even those encountered as a passerby on the streets of the modern city.
Through the lens of a decommissioned textile factory, this project attempts to interject missed connections back into the architecture through an observance of various construed appropriations. Historically, appropriation holds a negative connotation, yet the vessel of the built identity hopes to reclaim appropriation as it becomes unraveled through three primary intertwined programs. Dispersed throughout the "ruinscape," they are the museum, the restaurant and marketplace, and the transit hub.
As one takes moments to pause and consider the very way that buildings are assembled, hopefully an analysis and re-introduction of the missed connections into the building moves the profession of architecture towards a future where it can be appreciated by architects and non-architects alike beyond mere aesthetic values.
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Nanjing Library: A Study of Intangible Contents of ArchitectureWang, Gang Alan 30 June 2005 (has links)
The thesis is to discuss how to design for our time(2005) while respecting traditional Chinese culture and philosophy. It proposes a solution to the conflict between traditional Chinese architecture and modernization patterned after the West. It is an attempt to respond to the question: how can these two different cultural and architectural issues be successfully balanced to support architectural environment in modern China? Instead of using superficial cultural symbols to represent traditional culture, the thesis explores the architectural implications of the inherent principles in Chinese philosophy, through the design of a library for the city of Nanjing. / Master of Architecture
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Patent-based analogy search tool for innovative concept generationMurphy, Jeremy Thomas 03 February 2012 (has links)
Design-by-Analogy is a powerful tool to augment the traditional methods of concept generation and offers avenues to develop innovative and novel design solutions. Few tools exist to assist designers in systematically seeking and identifying analogies from within design repositories such as the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent database. A new tool for extracting functional analogies from patents has been developed to perform this task utilizing a Vector Space Model algorithm to quantitatively evaluate the functional similarity between design problems and patent descriptions of products.
Initially, a Boolean Search approach was evaluated and several limitations were identified such as a lack of quantitative metrics for determining search result relevancy ranking as well as inadequate query mapping methods. Next, a Vector Space Model search tool was developed which includes extensive expansion of the Functional Basis using human-based term classification and automated document indexing techniques. The resulting functional patent controlled vocabulary consists of approximately 2,100 unique functions extracted from 65,000 randomly selected patents. The patent search database was generated by indexing 275,000 patents selected from the over 4 million patents available in digital form.
A graphical user interface was developed to facilitate query vector generation, and the accompanying search result viewing interface provides data clustering and relevancy ranking. Two case studies are conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the search engine. The first case study successfully replicated the functional similarity results of a classic Design-by-Analogy problem of the guitar pickup winder. The second case study is an original design problem consisting of an automated window washer, and the results illustrate the range of analogically distant solutions that can be extracted ranging from very near-field, literal solutions to the far-field cross domain solutions.
Finally, the search tool’s efficacy with regard to increasing quantity and novelty of ideas produced during Concept Generation is experimentally evaluated. The two factors evaluated are first whether analogies improved performance and second how the functionality level of the analogy impacted performance. The experimental results showed an increase in novelty for high functionality analogies compared with the control and other experimental groups. No statistically significant difference was found with regard to quantity of ideas generated. / text
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Fractal reasoningMcGreggor, Brian Keith 13 January 2014 (has links)
Humans are experts at understanding what they see. Similarity and analogy play a significant role in making sense of the visual world by forming analogies to similar images encountered previously. Yet, while these acts of visual reasoning may be commonplace, the processes of visual analogy are not yet well understood.
In this dissertation, I investigate the utility of representing visual information in a fractal manner for computing visual similarity and analogy. In particular, I develop a computational technique of fractal reasoning for addressing problems of visual similarity and novelty. I illustrate the effectiveness of fractal reasoning on problems of visual similarity and analogy on the Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Miller’s Analogies tests of intelligence, problems of visual novelty and oddity on the Odd One Out test of intelligence, and problems of visual similarity and oddity on the Dehaene test of core geometric reasoning. I show that the performance of my computational model on these various tests is comparable to human performance.
Fractal reasoning provides a new method for computing answers to such problems. Specifically, I show that the choice of the level of abstraction of problem representation determines the degree to which an answer may be regarded as confident, and that that choice of abstraction may be controlled automatically by the algorithm as a means of seeking that confident answer. This emergence of ambiguity and its remedy via problem re-representation is afforded by the fractal representation. I also show how reasoning over sparse data (at coarse levels of abstraction) or homogeneous data (at finest levels of abstraction) could both drive the automatic exclusion of certain levels of abstraction, as well as provide a signal to shift the analogical reasoning from consideration of simple analogies (such as analogies between pairs of objects) to more complex analogies (such as analogies among triplets, or larger groups of objects).
My dissertation also explores fractal reasoning in perception, including both biologically-inspired imprinting and bistable perception. In particular, it provides a computational explanation of bistable perception in the famous Necker cube problem that is directly tied to the process of determining a confident interpretation via re-representation.
Thus, my research makes two primary contributions to AI theories of visual similarity and analogy. The first contribution is the Extended Analogy By Recall (ABR*) algorithm, the computational technique for visual reasoning that automatically adjusts fractal representations to an appropriate level of abstraction. The second contribution is the fractal representation itself, a knowledge representation that add the notion of self-similarity and re-representation to analogy making.
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Facilitating case reuse during problem solving in algebra-based physicsMateycik, Frances Ann January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Physics / Nobel S. Rebello / This research project investigates students’ development of problem solving schemata while using strategies that facilitate the process of using solved examples to assist with a new problem (case reuse). Focus group learning interviews were used to explore students’ perceptions and understanding of several problem solving strategies. Individual clinical interviews were conducted and quantitative examination data were collected to assess students’ conceptual understanding, knowledge organization, and problem solving performance on a variety of problem tasks.
The study began with a short one-time treatment of two independent, research-based strategies chosen to facilitate case reuse. Exploration of students’ perceptions and use of the strategies lead investigators to select one of the two strategies to be implemented over a full semester of focus group interviews. The strategy chosen was structure mapping.
Structure maps are defined as visual representations of quantities and their associations. They were created by experts to model the appropriate mental organization of knowledge elements for a given physical concept. Students were asked to use these maps as they were comfortable while problem solving. Data obtained from this phase of our study (Phase I) offered no evidence of improved problem solving schema. The 11 contact hour study was barely sufficient time for students to become comfortable using the maps.
A set of simpler strategies were selected for their more explicit facilitation of analogical reasoning, and were used together during two more semester long focus group treatments (phase II and phase III of this study). These strategies included the use of a step-by-step process aimed at reducing cognitive load associated with mathematical procedure, direct reflection of principles involved in a given set of problems, and the direct comparison of problem pairs designed to be void of surface similarities (similar objects or object orientations) and sharing physical principles (conservation of energy problems).
Overall, our results from the final two phases of this project indicate that these strategies are helpful in facilitating student ability to identify important information from given problems. The promising results from our study have significant implications for further research, curriculum material development, and instruction.
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Understanding DesignReese, Joshua 13 May 2010 (has links)
Somewhere along the way, I found that graphic design in professional practice was becoming synonymous with form and style, and losing its connection with concept and audience. I’m trying to find a way back.
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Metafora jako nástroj komunikace a kreativního myšlení / Metaphor as a Tool for Communication and Creative ThoughtPolicar, Antonín January 2013 (has links)
This work is concerned with the role of metaphor in language, discourse and thought. The first section presents a brief historical survey of the origins and development of theorizing about the metaphor as a legitimate cognitive tool and not just a rhetorically or poetically effective but otherwise uninformative sort of expression. The aim of the second section is to outline several different accounts of metaphor given by contemporary researchers in the fields of the philosophy of language, congnitive psychology and linguistics as well as to hint at some possible ways they could be interconnected. Especially those theories are concerned which in some way diverge from the traditional view on metaphor as a fringe phenomenon of language and discourse and which on the contrary stress its central role in the meaning- making activity of the human mind. Although the work does not focus primarly on the metaphor in art, its relevance for aesthetics lies nevertheless in its highlighting certain aesthetic or poetic aspects of human reasoning and everyday communication. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Metafísica e ciência: a analogia da vontade entre o micro e o macrocosmo / Metaphysics and science: the analogy of will between micro and macrocosmPrado, Jorge Luis Palicer do 09 May 2019 (has links)
A filosofia de Arthur Schopenhauer se caracteriza por um esforço contínuo de reflexão para decifrar um antigo enigma, qual seja, a analogia entre o homem e o universo ou entre o micro e o macrocosmo. Schopenhauer postulou o primado da vontade cega sobre o intelecto como o seu dogma fundamental, isto é, como a chave interpretativa que permite solucionar o problema em questão. O filósofo desenvolveu uma monumental metafísica, qualificada por ele de imanente, em cujas bases estão a sua complexa concepção de vontade e uma articulada compreensão da analogia como método de reflexão filosófica. Apesar de tal esforço, o próprio Schopenhauer explicitamente reconheceu que uma solução absoluta e exaustiva do problema seria uma doutrina da onisciência, algo realmente impossível para a razão humana, já que não há entendimento pleno e absoluto da essência e origem do mundo. Assim, o horizonte da experiência humana permanecerá sempre na mais profunda e completa obscuridade. A filosofia de Schopenhauer apresenta, portanto, uma tensão originária, a saber, a consciência de que conhecer o ser absoluto é tão impossível quanto é incansável a busca pela compreensão metafísica do mundo. O texto que se segue consiste, portanto, no esforço para resgatar algumas fontes históricas, observar o sentido e as referências originárias dos conceitos, para interpretar, no interior da dinâmica teórica da obra de Schopenhauer, o significado propriamente filosófico da analogia da vontade. A hipótese de orientação consistiu em supor que a obra do autor se caracteriza por uma peculiar articulação da reflexão metafísica com os conhecimentos produzidos pelas ciências biológicas, sobretudo, a partir do estudo da fisiologia dos impulsos orgânicos vitais e inconscientes, para, desse modo, elaborar uma imagem conceitual do mundo compreendido como um macroantropo, cuja significação moral mais profunda se traduz no sentimento universal do sofrimento e na negação da vontade de viver. Neste sentido, a vontade, segundo o próprio autor, constitui o último marco-limite do conhecimento possível e o mundo nada mais é do que o multifacetado reflexo físico de um mal metafísico que em si é imanente, uno e indivisível em cada ser. Foi necessária uma reconstrução introdutória do problema da analogia entre o micro e o macrocosmo, bem como a busca pelo significado originário do conceito de vontade que acompanha o seu desenvolvimento histórico para compreender a filosofia de Schopenhauer como a solução peculiar de um problema que lhe é próprio. O texto apresenta os valores que a analogia assume em cada etapa do pensamento schopenhaueriano, destacando uma tensão constitutiva entre as diferentes funções que ela desempenha. A interpretação que aqui se expõe, consistiu no esforço para compreender a pertinência genuinamente filosófica da analogia da vontade em alguns aspectos de sua complexidade intrínseca, incluindo as suas limitações e fragilidades sem, no entanto, ignorar o seu poder de alcance, a coerência própria e a sua singular capacidade explicativa. / The philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer is characterized by the constant effort of reflection to decipher an old enigma, which is the analogy between the man and the universe or the micro and macrocosm. Schopenhauer postulated that the primacy of will blinds the intellect as its fundamental dogma, that is, as an interpretative key that enables to solve the problem focused. The philosopher developed a monumental metaphysics, qualified as immanent by him, whose bases are his complex concept of will and an articulated comprehension of analogy as a philosophical reflection method. Despite such effort, Schopenhauer himself has explicitly recognized that an absolute and exhaustive solution of the problem would be an omniscience doctrine, something really impossible to human reason, as there is no full and absolute understanding of the world\'s essence and origin. This way, the horizon of human experience will always remain in the most deep and complete obscurity. The philosophy of Schopenhauer presents, though, a primary tension, namely: the consciousness of knowing the absolute individual is as impossible as the tireless search for the world\'s metaphysics comprehension. Therefore, the following text consists of the effort to rescue some historical sources, observe the sense and the original references of concepts, to interpret, from the inside of the theoretical dynamics of Schopenhauer\'s work, the proper philosophical meaning of the analogy of will. The guidance hypothesis constitutes of supposing that the author\'s work is characterized by a particular articulation of metaphysical reflection with the concepts produced by the biological sciences, mainly from the physiology study of vital and organic impulses, in order to create a conceptual image of the world seen as a macranthropos, whose most profound moral significance is translated to the universal suffering and the denial of the Will to life. In this sense, the will, according to the author, constitutes the last boundary of possible knowledge and the world is nothing more than a multifaceted physical reflection of a metaphysical evil which is immanent in itself, unified and inseparable to each individual. It was necessary an introductory reconstitution of the analogy problem between micro and macrocosm, as well as the search for the original meaning of the concept of will that follows its historical development to understand Schopenhauer\' philosophy as a peculiar solution to its own problem. The text presents the values assumed by the analogy in each step of schopenhauerian thought, highlighting the constitutive tension between the functions that it develops. This present interpretation constitutes of the effort to comprehend the genuinely philosophical pertinence of the analogy of will in some aspects of its intrinsic complexity, including its limitations and fragilities without ignoring its reach power, own coherence and singular explanatory capacity.
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