A maior parte do petróleo explorado no Brasil encontra-se em jazidas marítimas onde a lâmina d’água pode superar os 1000 metros. As descobertas recentes de novos campos de petróleo offshore têm motivado pesquisas nesta área para enfrentar os desafios tecnológicos envolvidos nos processos de exploração do óleo. Para a extração deste material, são comumente empregadas plataformas flutuantes que utilizam um sistema de ancoragem no leito oceânico para sua operação. O presente trabalho estuda uma nova técnica de instalação de âncoras para plataformas marítimas de petróleo, que serve de alternativa e/ou adaptação a técnicas já utilizadas, e que consiste na aplicação de jatos de água para remoção do solo permitindo que a âncora penetre no subleito oceânico. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foi analisado o comportamento de duas argilas (A e B), nas quais o jateamento vertical de água é utilizado para introduzir tubos metálicos na massa argilosa. Os ensaios de jateamento foram realizados em laboratório, utilizando tanques retangulares de dimensões reduzidas com paredes em acrílico, preenchidos com solo. A geometria da cavidade formada pela injeção em cada amostra argilosa foi observada através das paredes dos tanques. A influência da técnica de instalação na adesão solo-estaca foi avaliada através de provas de carga à tração, realizadas no próprio tubo usado no jateamento em cada ensaio, cujos resultados foram comparados com provas de carga em tubos instalados sem o emprego do jateamento. Nos testes com jatos são identificados dois mecanismos de erosão, característicos de argilas com alto índice de vazios: a erosão em massa e a superficial. A máxima profundidade da zona erodida não coincidiu com o eixo do tubo na quase totalidade dos ensaios. A penetração do jato no subleito do solo argiloso reduz com o aumento da profundidade do jato, e também com a resistência da argila. O diâmetro da cavidade na saída do jato sofreu redução com o aumento da profundidade. A geometria da cava erodida em cada argila mostrou ser função da velocidade e do diâmetro do jato, sendo determinadas equações empíricas para estimar suas dimensões. Após a instalação dos tubos empregando a técnica do jateamento, a redução média da adesão solo-estaca na argila A foi de 42% e na argila B foi de 41% em relação à adesão inicial. As análises dos resultados em função da velocidade do jato e da vazão indicaram pequena influência destes parâmetros na variação da adesão do solo ao tubo. / Most of all petroleum produced in Brazil is encountered in marine deposits where the water depth may exceed 1000 meters. Recent discoveries of new offshore oil fields have motivated studies in this area designed to develop new techniques applied to oil exploration. For the extraction of oil deposits floating platforms are commonly used, supported by anchorage systems on the seabed. This work examines a new technique for installing anchors for offshore oil platforms, that can work as alternatives or complement to existing techniques, and consists of applying water jets to remove the soil allowing the anchor to penetrate into the seabed. In this study, the behavior of two clays (A and B) was analyzed during vertical jets used to induce the penetration of metal tubes into the clay. The tests were performed in laboratory using small rectangular tanks with acrylic walls, filled with soil. The geometry of the cavity formed by water injection was observed through the walls of the tanks. The influence of the installation technique in the adhesion mobilized between the clay and the pile shaft was evaluated by tensile load tests, performed in the same tubes used in jetting tests, whose results were compared with load tests on tubes introduced without the jetting technique. In tests with jets two distinct erosion mechanisms have been identified which are considered characteristic of clays with a high void ratio: mass and surface erosion. The maximum depth of eroded area did not coincide with the jet centerline in almost all tests. The jet penetration in the clay bed reduces with increasing depth of the jet, and also with the resistance of the clay. The diameter of the hole at the jet outlet decreased with increasing depth. The geometry of the eroded hole in each clay was shown to be a function of jet velocity and diameter, and empirical equations were developed to estimate these dimensions. After installation of the tubes using the jet technique, the average reduction in the adhesion between the clay and the pile shaft was 42% in clay A and 41% in clay B. Analysis of the results as a function of jet velocity and flow rate indicated small influence of these parameters on the variation of soil-tube adhesion.

p. 1 - 113 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-24T18:18:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 777777.pdf: 877070 bytes, checksum: 0174847768b42dbceda812c1ca6c196b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-24T18:18:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 777777.pdf: 877070 bytes, checksum: 0174847768b42dbceda812c1ca6c196b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O objetivo geral deste estudo dissertativo é identificar a trajetória profissional e as âncoras de carreira de um grupo de executivos em um segmento de uma instituição bancária na Bahia a fim de subsidiar políticas de gestão de pessoas no segmento em que atuam. Para a realização desta pesquisa, buscaram-se nove executivos de um banco privado sediados na cidade de Salvador (BA). Diversos autores contribuíram com o referencial teórico – Super (1990), Chanlat (1995), Kanter (1997), Hall (2004) e Lacombe (2005 ) – embora a teoria de Edgar H. Schein sobre estágios e âncoras de carreira seja a mais utilizada neste trabalho. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa. A pesquisa constou da aplicação do Inventário de Âncoras de Carreira de Schein e de entrevistas para analisar a trajetória profissional dos participantes e identificar as âncoras identificadas com o inventário. Entre os participantes da pesquisa, identificaram-se as âncoras: Estilo de vida, Aptidão técnico-funcional, Segurança/Estabilidade, Autonomia/Independência e Desafio puro. / Salvador

A maior parte do petróleo explorado no Brasil encontra-se em jazidas marítimas onde a lâmina d’água pode superar os 1000 metros. As descobertas recentes de novos campos de petróleo offshore têm motivado pesquisas nesta área para enfrentar os desafios tecnológicos envolvidos nos processos de exploração do óleo. Para a extração deste material, são comumente empregadas plataformas flutuantes que utilizam um sistema de ancoragem no leito oceânico para sua operação. O presente trabalho estuda uma nova técnica de instalação de âncoras para plataformas marítimas de petróleo, que serve de alternativa e/ou adaptação a técnicas já utilizadas, e que consiste na aplicação de jatos de água para remoção do solo permitindo que a âncora penetre no subleito oceânico. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foi analisado o comportamento de duas argilas (A e B), nas quais o jateamento vertical de água é utilizado para introduzir tubos metálicos na massa argilosa. Os ensaios de jateamento foram realizados em laboratório, utilizando tanques retangulares de dimensões reduzidas com paredes em acrílico, preenchidos com solo. A geometria da cavidade formada pela injeção em cada amostra argilosa foi observada através das paredes dos tanques. A influência da técnica de instalação na adesão solo-estaca foi avaliada através de provas de carga à tração, realizadas no próprio tubo usado no jateamento em cada ensaio, cujos resultados foram comparados com provas de carga em tubos instalados sem o emprego do jateamento. Nos testes com jatos são identificados dois mecanismos de erosão, característicos de argilas com alto índice de vazios: a erosão em massa e a superficial. A máxima profundidade da zona erodida não coincidiu com o eixo do tubo na quase totalidade dos ensaios. A penetração do jato no subleito do solo argiloso reduz com o aumento da profundidade do jato, e também com a resistência da argila. O diâmetro da cavidade na saída do jato sofreu redução com o aumento da profundidade. A geometria da cava erodida em cada argila mostrou ser função da velocidade e do diâmetro do jato, sendo determinadas equações empíricas para estimar suas dimensões. Após a instalação dos tubos empregando a técnica do jateamento, a redução média da adesão solo-estaca na argila A foi de 42% e na argila B foi de 41% em relação à adesão inicial. As análises dos resultados em função da velocidade do jato e da vazão indicaram pequena influência destes parâmetros na variação da adesão do solo ao tubo. / Most of all petroleum produced in Brazil is encountered in marine deposits where the water depth may exceed 1000 meters. Recent discoveries of new offshore oil fields have motivated studies in this area designed to develop new techniques applied to oil exploration. For the extraction of oil deposits floating platforms are commonly used, supported by anchorage systems on the seabed. This work examines a new technique for installing anchors for offshore oil platforms, that can work as alternatives or complement to existing techniques, and consists of applying water jets to remove the soil allowing the anchor to penetrate into the seabed. In this study, the behavior of two clays (A and B) was analyzed during vertical jets used to induce the penetration of metal tubes into the clay. The tests were performed in laboratory using small rectangular tanks with acrylic walls, filled with soil. The geometry of the cavity formed by water injection was observed through the walls of the tanks. The influence of the installation technique in the adhesion mobilized between the clay and the pile shaft was evaluated by tensile load tests, performed in the same tubes used in jetting tests, whose results were compared with load tests on tubes introduced without the jetting technique. In tests with jets two distinct erosion mechanisms have been identified which are considered characteristic of clays with a high void ratio: mass and surface erosion. The maximum depth of eroded area did not coincide with the jet centerline in almost all tests. The jet penetration in the clay bed reduces with increasing depth of the jet, and also with the resistance of the clay. The diameter of the hole at the jet outlet decreased with increasing depth. The geometry of the eroded hole in each clay was shown to be a function of jet velocity and diameter, and empirical equations were developed to estimate these dimensions. After installation of the tubes using the jet technique, the average reduction in the adhesion between the clay and the pile shaft was 42% in clay A and 41% in clay B. Analysis of the results as a function of jet velocity and flow rate indicated small influence of these parameters on the variation of soil-tube adhesion.

A maior parte do petróleo explorado no Brasil encontra-se em jazidas marítimas onde a lâmina d’água pode superar os 1000 metros. As descobertas recentes de novos campos de petróleo offshore têm motivado pesquisas nesta área para enfrentar os desafios tecnológicos envolvidos nos processos de exploração do óleo. Para a extração deste material, são comumente empregadas plataformas flutuantes que utilizam um sistema de ancoragem no leito oceânico para sua operação. O presente trabalho estuda uma nova técnica de instalação de âncoras para plataformas marítimas de petróleo, que serve de alternativa e/ou adaptação a técnicas já utilizadas, e que consiste na aplicação de jatos de água para remoção do solo permitindo que a âncora penetre no subleito oceânico. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foi analisado o comportamento de duas argilas (A e B), nas quais o jateamento vertical de água é utilizado para introduzir tubos metálicos na massa argilosa. Os ensaios de jateamento foram realizados em laboratório, utilizando tanques retangulares de dimensões reduzidas com paredes em acrílico, preenchidos com solo. A geometria da cavidade formada pela injeção em cada amostra argilosa foi observada através das paredes dos tanques. A influência da técnica de instalação na adesão solo-estaca foi avaliada através de provas de carga à tração, realizadas no próprio tubo usado no jateamento em cada ensaio, cujos resultados foram comparados com provas de carga em tubos instalados sem o emprego do jateamento. Nos testes com jatos são identificados dois mecanismos de erosão, característicos de argilas com alto índice de vazios: a erosão em massa e a superficial. A máxima profundidade da zona erodida não coincidiu com o eixo do tubo na quase totalidade dos ensaios. A penetração do jato no subleito do solo argiloso reduz com o aumento da profundidade do jato, e também com a resistência da argila. O diâmetro da cavidade na saída do jato sofreu redução com o aumento da profundidade. A geometria da cava erodida em cada argila mostrou ser função da velocidade e do diâmetro do jato, sendo determinadas equações empíricas para estimar suas dimensões. Após a instalação dos tubos empregando a técnica do jateamento, a redução média da adesão solo-estaca na argila A foi de 42% e na argila B foi de 41% em relação à adesão inicial. As análises dos resultados em função da velocidade do jato e da vazão indicaram pequena influência destes parâmetros na variação da adesão do solo ao tubo. / Most of all petroleum produced in Brazil is encountered in marine deposits where the water depth may exceed 1000 meters. Recent discoveries of new offshore oil fields have motivated studies in this area designed to develop new techniques applied to oil exploration. For the extraction of oil deposits floating platforms are commonly used, supported by anchorage systems on the seabed. This work examines a new technique for installing anchors for offshore oil platforms, that can work as alternatives or complement to existing techniques, and consists of applying water jets to remove the soil allowing the anchor to penetrate into the seabed. In this study, the behavior of two clays (A and B) was analyzed during vertical jets used to induce the penetration of metal tubes into the clay. The tests were performed in laboratory using small rectangular tanks with acrylic walls, filled with soil. The geometry of the cavity formed by water injection was observed through the walls of the tanks. The influence of the installation technique in the adhesion mobilized between the clay and the pile shaft was evaluated by tensile load tests, performed in the same tubes used in jetting tests, whose results were compared with load tests on tubes introduced without the jetting technique. In tests with jets two distinct erosion mechanisms have been identified which are considered characteristic of clays with a high void ratio: mass and surface erosion. The maximum depth of eroded area did not coincide with the jet centerline in almost all tests. The jet penetration in the clay bed reduces with increasing depth of the jet, and also with the resistance of the clay. The diameter of the hole at the jet outlet decreased with increasing depth. The geometry of the eroded hole in each clay was shown to be a function of jet velocity and diameter, and empirical equations were developed to estimate these dimensions. After installation of the tubes using the jet technique, the average reduction in the adhesion between the clay and the pile shaft was 42% in clay A and 41% in clay B. Analysis of the results as a function of jet velocity and flow rate indicated small influence of these parameters on the variation of soil-tube adhesion.

This study was developed to verify the relation between the categories of career anchors and the dimensions of organizational commitment, considering the reality of education clerks of a federal college, located in the center of Rio Grande do Sul state. A descriptive research with quantitative character was conducted for this study. The questionnaire had its structure based on two models: Inventory of Career Anchors (SCHEIN, 1993, 1996) and the Basis of Organizational Commitment Scale (MEDEIROS et al., 2005) and was applied to 655 education clerks, who occupy positions of classification levels C, D and E of the career plan. Regarding the categories of career anchors, the results obtained show Will of Serving and Dedication to a Cause, Lifestyle, and Security and Stability, in this order, as predominant, since the three of them have inherent features of the civil service. The anchor of General Administrative Career was the least valorized, which shows the feeble interest of the clerks in assuming the kind of attributions expected on their effective position. Regarding the dimensions of organizational commitment, the results show a normative commitment, through the valorization of Obligation through Development Basis. Moreover, the results show a low valorization of the normative basis, Obligation of Staying. On the interpretation of the results obtained, it was used factors measurement, through valuables weight, on which it was verified that the values indicate commitment above the average on the Affection and Obligation through Development. These results can be considered positive because they show that the clerks identify themselves to the values and goals of the institution and are conscious of the necessity of struggling to achieve these goals. When the relation between the themes is established, it is possible to affirm that the results show very low correlations, in most cases. The results give evidence of low correlations and no moderate correlation. The low correlations happened between the Affective Organizational Commitment Basis and the Career Anchor Will of Serving / Dedication to a Cause, and also between commitment basis Lack of Alternatives and the anchor Security and Stability. / Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de verificar a relação entre as categorias das âncoras de carreira e as dimensões do comprometimento organizacional, considerando a realidade vivenciada pelos técnico-administrativos em educação de uma instituição federal de ensino superior, localizada no centro do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza quantitativa. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado a partir de dois modelos: Inventário das Âncoras de Carreira (SCHEIN, 1993, 1996) e a Escala de Bases do Comprometimento Organizacional - EBACO, (MEDEIROS et al., 2005) para 655 técnico-administrativos em educação, ocupantes de cargos dos níveis de classificação C, D e E do plano de carreira. Em relação às categorias das âncoras de carreira, os resultados obtidos apontam Vontade de Servir e Dedicação a uma Causa - VS, Estilo de Vida EV e Segurança e Estabilidade SE, nessa ordem, como predominantes, sendo que as três possuem características inerentes ao serviço público. A âncora de carreira Administrativa Geral AG foi a menos valorizada o que demonstra o pouco interesse dos técnico-administrativos pesquisados em assumirem atribuições além das previstas no seu cargo efetivo. No que diz respeito às dimensões do comprometimento organizacional, os resultados indicam um comprometimento normativo, por meio da valorização da base Obrigação pelo Desempenho. Ainda, os resultados evidenciam uma baixa valorização da base normativa, Obrigação em Permanecer. Na interpretação dos resultados obtidos com a utilização da EBACO utilizou-se a mensuração dos fatores, por meio dos pesos das variáveis, nos quais se verificou que os valores indicam comprometimento acima da média para a base Afetiva e Obrigação pelo Desempenho. Estes resultados podem ser considerados positivos por demonstrarem que os técnico-administrativos pesquisados identificam-se com os valores e objetivos da instituição e possuem consciência da necessidade de que devem se esforçar para atingir as metas da instituição. Ao estabelecer relações entre os temas, pode-se afirmar que os resultados demonstram existir, na maioria dos casos, correlações muito baixas. Os resultados evidenciam, também, correlações baixas e nenhuma correlação moderada. As correlações baixas aconteceram entre a base do comprometimento organizacional Afetiva - AF e a âncora de carreira Vontade de Servir/Dedicação a uma Causa - VS e ainda entre a base do comprometimento Escassez de Alternativas - ESC e a âncora Segurança e Estabilidade - SE.

Magister Artium - MA / The objective of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between the personality preference and career anchors of police officers. The idea that personality relates meaningfully to the kinds of careers people choose and how they perform in these careers, has a long history in career psychology. / South Africa

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / In the current recessionary cycle in which individuals finds themselves, it is interesting to see whether organisations and individuals have changed their strategies or whether they pursued their tried and tested inherent mechanisms of recruitment/work selection. In recessionary times, organisations would usually have a bigger pool to select from whilst employees, in turn, would try to position themselves in a stable work environment. From an organisational perspective, organisations have also undergone major transitions such as downsizing, merges and acquisitions, right sizing, restructuring, and reengineering. These changes have a direct impact on employees level of motivation and job satisfaction (Ellison Schreuder, 2000). The concept of a traditional career that an employee occupies for a lifetime performing one type of work in an organisation no longer exists. Instead, employees now work for more than one organisation in their lifetime. These changes entail that employees need to be flexible and adaptive in making career decisions (Schreuder Coetzee, 2006). Career anchors can be operationalized as a representation of self- perceived talents, motives, values and abilities that guide employees to make career decisions. Schreuder and Coetzee (2006), are of the opinion that if employees are not familiar with their career anchors, they could find themselves trapped in work environments that are not satisfactory and would continually be questioning themselves. Suutari and Taka (2004) emphasize the fact that there needs to be a fit between the careers of employees and the work environment. If there is no fit between the career anchors of employees and the work environment then employees are likely to become dissatisfied which may result in a high turnover of staff with a corresponding low productivity rate. This study investigates and explores the phenomenon of career anchors based on Scheins 1978 career anchor theory and how these career anchors affect employees level of job satisfaction. The Career Anchor Inventory and the Job Descriptive Index were administered to a sample of 154 employees at a leading retail organisation who completed the questionnaires. The results of this research study indicate that there are significant relationships between biographical factors and career anchors as well as between biographical factors and job satisfaction and similarly between typology of career anchors and dimensions of job satisfaction. / South Africa

Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Tom Hallaq / Traditionally, men have been the primary face and voice of live broadcasting. Limited research has compared Designated Market Areas by news content. This study compared and analyzed gender representations between large and small market news programs in the Northwest region of the United States. Hard news stories are those which audiences expect to be included in a newscast and are more likely time-sensitive. Soft stories, on the other hand, are those known to be not as crucial or time-sensitive as hard stories. The purpose of this study was to examine two major topics: (1) gender representation as news anchors and reporters, and (2) gender representation in types of stories covered. Data of gender representation was compared and analyzed between a large and small news market. Notable differences and similarities between both markets were revealed. This study found female news reporters present 16% more hard stories than male reporters even when females were underrepresented as overall news talent compared to male news talent. Males represented 55% of news talent compared to females at 45% of news talent. Male anchors also presented more news stories as overall news talent, indicating visible gender inequality in the presentation of news stories. Another important purpose of this study was to introduce a preliminary study by comparing and analyzing gender representation data by television market size. An important difference found regarding news anchors, was the large market sample more equally represented both males and females as anchors, whereas the small market sample did not. The data revealed a 56% disparity by exhibiting males 78% of the time and females only 22% of the time in the small news market. Both markets also displayed significant differences in the total count of news anchors, reporters, and news content.

The notion of professional work is changing from the traditional learned occupations in which an exclusive body of knowledge and access to practice was controlled by a privileged minority. Nowadays, many more vocational groupings enjoy professional status, although the locus of control over standards and behaviours is moving from professional bodies to organisations in which access to, and use of, knowledge is embedded in information systems. Such changes are epitomised by a new organisational form the shared service centre (SSC) where business support functions are aggregated into business process centres so that efficiency and quality of service can be improved through task simplification, automation and the adoption of multidisciplinary process working. A consequence of the new factory-style environment is that work becomes polarised between a small number of senior professional personnel who design and monitor work systems, and the vast majority of workers who perform low-level, transactional tasks. In the hollowed out middle, a career bottleneck develops meaning that workers have little chance of progression and, moreover, the nature of lower level work may not equip them for senior roles potentially dulling aspirations of a long-term professional career. The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of these changes for the careers of finance professionals working in the SSC. Within the careers literature, there is a tendency to explain individual career orientations of today through theories constructed much earlier. For example, Schein s (1978) concept of career anchors aims to provide a stable framework of influence throughout an individual s work life, yet despite changes in organisational and technological landscapes, these original anchors remain unchallenged. This exploratory enquiry gathers data from finance professionals working in SSCs through interviews and an adapted survey instrument based on Schein s career anchor inventory (COI; 1990) to ask how do those working in professional roles in SSCs understand and navigate their careers? The fundamental contributions of this thesis are as follows: 1) theoretically, a classification which provides a novel frame of reference for understanding types of SSC and the work within them; 2) identification of pertinent skills that both guide and potentially enable careers for finance professionals in this context these extend beyond previous suggestions of soft skills into new business skills for global, multidisciplinary and organisationally focused professional work; 3) evidential support for a refreshed approach to career theory, especially for boundary-focused career scholarship (Inkson et al, 2012) and clarification of new dimensions in multidirectional careers (Baruch, 2004); 4) a proposal for a new set of six career anchors that challenge the relevance of old theory in new contexts and provide meaningful insight into the navigation of careers in new organisational forms. This work serves as a founding and original investigation into careers within finance SSCs. There are practical implications for individual career management, the role and relevance of professional accrediting bodies in new contexts, and also for organisational HR strategy and their function in supporting individual skills development for contemporary professionals in new organisational forms.

[pt] O presente estudo visa analisar a relação entre satisfação no trabalho e o alinhamento do emprego do indivíduo com suas habilidades, necessidade e valores, denominadas âncoras de carreira. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, um survey baseado no Modelo de Âncoras de Carreira de Schein e Van Maanen (2013) e na Escala de Satisfação do trabalho de Siqueira (2008), para uma amostra não probabilística de 96 alunos de uma escola de Administração de uma universidade privada de Rio de Janeiro. A partir da pesquisa concluímos que não existe associação significativa entre a satisfação no trabalho e o alinhamento com a âncora de carreira. A âncora que apresentou maior frequência, independente do gênero do entrevistado, foi Estilo de Vida, indicando a tendência de se buscar uma carreira que permita equilibrar a vida profissional e a vida pessoal. Por outro lado, foi observado que participantes do sexo masculino priorizam mais a âncora Autonomia e os de sexo feminino a de Competência Técnica / Funcional. Por fim, também identificamos na pesquisa que os indivíduos autônomos são mais satisfeitos que os assalariados, os de sexo masculino estão mais satisfeitos no trabalho do que os de sexo feminino e que existe uma associação positiva entre anos de experiência e satisfação no trabalho. / [en] The present study explores the relationship between job satisfaction and congruence between the individual s actual occupation and his talents, needs and values, namely his career anchors. For that purpose, a quantitative survey using Schein e Van Maanen s Career Anchor model (2013) and Siqueira s Job Satisfaction survey (2008) was performed for a non-probabilistic sample of 96 undergraduate and graduate students at the Business School of a private University in Rio de Janeiro. The results of that survey showed that there is no significant association between satisfaction at work and congruence with career anchor. The most frequent career anchor for both genders was Lifestyle, showing a trend towards a career that allows some balance between professional and personal life. Male participants prioritize more Autonomy and Independence, females prioritize more Technical and Functional Competence. The study showed also that self employed individuals are more satisfied than the ones employed, that among the employed individuals, men are more satisfied at work than women and that there is a significant association between years of experience and work satisfaction.