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M.A. / An overview of reviews on Antjie Krog’s ‘n Ander Tongval (2005), shows that critics find it difficult to classify the text and to determine the genre of the book. This study is intended to investigate the hybrid nature of ‘n Ander Tongval which is a mixture of poetry, essays, journalistic report, autobiography, academic research and personal anecdotes. This study is primarily an examination of a specific example of a text that can be considered “literary non-fiction” to contribute to the description of the nature of this particularly problematic genre, while at the same time contributing to the literary criticism of Krog’s “literary non-fiction”. Secondly ‘n Ander Tongval is examined to determine the specific demands that this kind of text makes of the reader. This examination of ‘n Ander Tongval contributes to the description and problematising of the term “literary non-fiction” and many other genres which can be associated with these kind of texts because of its hybrid nature. This is also linked to the current debate about the growing interest in what Leon de Kock (2010) describes as “Creative Non-fiction”. De Kock considers this kind of writing distinctive of South African literature. Eventually it becomes clear that ‘n Ander Tongval does not only advocate change (transformation), but makes a change possible by the choice of genre (literary nonfiction) which is itself a text that “changes” established genre conventions and thereby guides the reader to read differently and look at the text and the country in a different way.

Lietuvos valstybėje paramos šeimai politiką įtakoja labai daug veiksnių: bendra šalies situacija, tradicijos, požiūris į šeimą, gėrovės valstybės modelis ir pan. Šiame darbe nagrinėjama socialinių paslaugų infrastruktūra socialinės rizikos šeimoms, pateikiamos socialinės pagalbos šeimai tinklo plėtros galimybės. Magistriniame darbe apžvelgta socialinės rizikos šeimų situaciją, pokyčiai bei tendencijas. Išnagrinėti organizacijų, teikiančių socialines paslaugas, veiklos procesą, nustatant kokią vietą šios užima valstybės ir savivaldybių institucijų sistemoje. Tyrimu nustatytos socialinės rizikos šeimoms teikiamos socialinės paslaugos, įvertinta socialinių paslaugų plėtra. Tyrimo metu peržiūrėti teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys socialinės rizikos šeimoms teikiamas paslaugas. Remiantis darbine praktika, įvairių savivaldybių patirtimi, mokslinėje literatūroje siūlomomis rekomendacijomis, mėginta išskirti problematiškiausias socialinės paramos infrastruktūros vietas bei pateikti rekomendacijas socialinių paslaugų tinklo plėtrai. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad šiai dienai dar nėra pilnai suformuota teisinė bazė, apibrėžianti socialinių paslaugų teikimo mechanizmą. Elektrėnų savivaldybėje darbas su socialinės rizikos šeimomis vyksta pakankamai vangiai. Esamos socialinių darbuotojų pajėgos yra per menkos suteikti pilną paslaugų paketą šioms šeimoms. Rekomenduotina plėsti socialinės paramos tinklą – įsteigti paramos šeimai bei krizių centrus. Norint užtikrinti efektyvų paramos teikimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Lithuanian Republic policy of social assistance to families is influenced by many factors: general economical – political situation in the country, country traditions, general attitude toward the family, the model of state welfare, and many others. This Master Paper examines the infrastructure of social services available for families under the social risk; it also presents possibilities for development of social assistance for families’ network. In this Master Paper there was made a survey on the situation of families under the social risk, taking into account recent changes and tendencies. The activity process of organizations that provide social assistance was properly studied and their place and position in the system of country and municipality institutions was defined. There were identified the social assistance services that are available for the families under the social risk, evaluated the possibility of expansion and growth of social services. In the research process there were reviewed the law statutes regulating the services provided for the families under the social risk. There was made reference to the working experience and practice of many municipalities, an to the recommendations given in the non-fiction literature, and the most problematic points in the infrastructure of social assistance were distinguished; the recommendations how to improve social assistance for the families under the risk were introduced. The analyses showed that the legal basis, defining... [to full text]

This dissertation presents an investigation into the identity transformation of the character of Wikus van der Merwe, the protagonist of the film District 9 (2009), from a postcolonial perspective. In the first instance, I argue that the film can be regarded as an allegory of the apartheid era in South Africa, and that the marginalised aliens in the film can therefore be seen as metaphorically representing the suppressed races of the apartheid era. The humans and aliens in the film are initially represented as binary opposites of each other: the humans are positioned as the normative in-group diametrically opposite the aliens, who are regarded as the non-normative out-group. In its ideological context, apartheid can also be understood as a type of colonialism. Like those who were marginalised by colonial practices, the aliens in the film are regarded as the other, mainly because of their physical, corporeal otherness. In the film Wikus experiences a bodily as well as an emotional transformation - and thus also an identity transformation – from a normative, Afrikaans-speaking white male (the self) into a non-normative and strange-looking alien (other) – with reference here to how normativity and otherness were conceptualised in the context of apartheid. Consequently, Wikus’ metamorphosis results in a hybrid figure, which demonstrates that the boundaries between self and other are permeable. Wikus’ unique identity as both self and other, as well as his increased self-awareness, illustrates his new identity position in an in-between space in which the self and other can be both, ironically, accommodated and destabilised. This dissertation demonstrates how the notion of hybridity (which is a key concept in postcolonial discourse) in the film works to destabilise the discourse of the self and other, and in this way hints at the possibility of a broader identity platform where all identities are validated. / M.A. (Graphic Design), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This dissertation presents an investigation into the identity transformation of the character of Wikus van der Merwe, the protagonist of the film District 9 (2009), from a postcolonial perspective. In the first instance, I argue that the film can be regarded as an allegory of the apartheid era in South Africa, and that the marginalised aliens in the film can therefore be seen as metaphorically representing the suppressed races of the apartheid era. The humans and aliens in the film are initially represented as binary opposites of each other: the humans are positioned as the normative in-group diametrically opposite the aliens, who are regarded as the non-normative out-group. In its ideological context, apartheid can also be understood as a type of colonialism. Like those who were marginalised by colonial practices, the aliens in the film are regarded as the other, mainly because of their physical, corporeal otherness. In the film Wikus experiences a bodily as well as an emotional transformation - and thus also an identity transformation – from a normative, Afrikaans-speaking white male (the self) into a non-normative and strange-looking alien (other) – with reference here to how normativity and otherness were conceptualised in the context of apartheid. Consequently, Wikus’ metamorphosis results in a hybrid figure, which demonstrates that the boundaries between self and other are permeable. Wikus’ unique identity as both self and other, as well as his increased self-awareness, illustrates his new identity position in an in-between space in which the self and other can be both, ironically, accommodated and destabilised. This dissertation demonstrates how the notion of hybridity (which is a key concept in postcolonial discourse) in the film works to destabilise the discourse of the self and other, and in this way hints at the possibility of a broader identity platform where all identities are validated. / M.A. (Graphic Design), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

A service can be traded either directly between a consumer and provider of the service or a service can serve as an input into the manufacturing of various products and other services that are traded. Trade in services has therefore become an essential part of global trade and contributes significantly to global, as well as South African economic growth, development and productivity. Service trade has furthermore been growing at a greater rate than trade in manufactured goods. The growth of services trade can be attributed to growth in goods trade, technological advances, rising per capita incomes, micro-economic reforms, as well as increased consumer and business demand, and technological change. According to the GATS’ (General Agreement on Trade in Services) services sectorial classification list, the service sector can be classified into twelve major categories and these sectors can further be divided into 160 sub-sectors. One of the sub-sectors that have been identified that has significant growth potential globally and for South Africa is the sub-sector, ‘other business’ services. This sub-sector falls under the sector, business services. Trade data revealed that this sub-sector is one of the top three traded service categories internationally, as well as for South Africa. For the purpose of this study the focus was specifically on ‘other business’ services provided by members of the BEPEC (Built Environmental Professional Export Council). The services performed by the members of the BEPEC are: consulting engineering, architectural, quantity surveying, and construction project managing services. These services are inputs into the manufacturing or construction of human creations such as buildings, structures, dams, roads etc. Trade barriers, however, hinder the free flow of services from the service provider to customers in other countries. This is no different for the providers of ‘other business’ services. Therefore in order to increase the competitiveness of South Africa’s ‘other business’ services sector internationally; the primary objective of this study was to identify the internal, as well as external barriers experienced by the exporters of ‘other business’ services. These internal and external barriers were identified by means of a questionnaire that the members of the BEPEC, who are exporters of ‘other business’ services, completed. Once these barriers were identified recommendations were made to the South African government. The most significant internal barriers were found to be: • lack of information about foreign markets; • lack of information on how to enter these foreign markets; • lack of personnel who are experienced in export activities; • scarcity of internal financial resources for export purposes and export promotion. • The most significant external barriers were found to be: • exchange rate risk and the risk of non-payment; • corruption and bribery; • risks involved with political instability in a country; • restrictions on immigration provisions such as delay in obtaining entry visas, residency or work permits; • poor infrastructure; • foreign government procurement policies; • distance to the target market. All of the identified barriers can mostly be addressed by the South African government by providing training, the provision of market related information, and trade negotiations. / Thesis (MCom (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

A service can be traded either directly between a consumer and provider of the service or a service can serve as an input into the manufacturing of various products and other services that are traded. Trade in services has therefore become an essential part of global trade and contributes significantly to global, as well as South African economic growth, development and productivity. Service trade has furthermore been growing at a greater rate than trade in manufactured goods. The growth of services trade can be attributed to growth in goods trade, technological advances, rising per capita incomes, micro-economic reforms, as well as increased consumer and business demand, and technological change. According to the GATS’ (General Agreement on Trade in Services) services sectorial classification list, the service sector can be classified into twelve major categories and these sectors can further be divided into 160 sub-sectors. One of the sub-sectors that have been identified that has significant growth potential globally and for South Africa is the sub-sector, ‘other business’ services. This sub-sector falls under the sector, business services. Trade data revealed that this sub-sector is one of the top three traded service categories internationally, as well as for South Africa. For the purpose of this study the focus was specifically on ‘other business’ services provided by members of the BEPEC (Built Environmental Professional Export Council). The services performed by the members of the BEPEC are: consulting engineering, architectural, quantity surveying, and construction project managing services. These services are inputs into the manufacturing or construction of human creations such as buildings, structures, dams, roads etc. Trade barriers, however, hinder the free flow of services from the service provider to customers in other countries. This is no different for the providers of ‘other business’ services. Therefore in order to increase the competitiveness of South Africa’s ‘other business’ services sector internationally; the primary objective of this study was to identify the internal, as well as external barriers experienced by the exporters of ‘other business’ services. These internal and external barriers were identified by means of a questionnaire that the members of the BEPEC, who are exporters of ‘other business’ services, completed. Once these barriers were identified recommendations were made to the South African government. The most significant internal barriers were found to be: • lack of information about foreign markets; • lack of information on how to enter these foreign markets; • lack of personnel who are experienced in export activities; • scarcity of internal financial resources for export purposes and export promotion. • The most significant external barriers were found to be: • exchange rate risk and the risk of non-payment; • corruption and bribery; • risks involved with political instability in a country; • restrictions on immigration provisions such as delay in obtaining entry visas, residency or work permits; • poor infrastructure; • foreign government procurement policies; • distance to the target market. All of the identified barriers can mostly be addressed by the South African government by providing training, the provision of market related information, and trade negotiations. / Thesis (MCom (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie beskrywende, verkennende en kontekstuele studie is ondersoek gedoen na redes waarom opgeleide intensiewesorgverpleegkundiges uit die intensiewesorgomgewing bedank en buite die intensiewesorgomgewing werk in die noordelike gedeelte van Gauteng. Doelwitte vir die studie was om die faktore te bepaal wat bydra tot die bedanking uit die intensiewesorgeenheid, die identifisering van die nie-verpleegkundige beroepe wat tans beoefen word en die bepaling van die faktore wat bydra tot die beoefening van 'n nie-verpleegkundige beroep. Die data is ingesamel deur middel van 'n vraelys wat voltooi is deur opgeleide intensiewesorgverpleegkundiges wat bedank het uit die intensiewesorgomgewing. Die sneeubalsteekproeftegniek is gebruik. Die data-analise het getoon dat redes vir bedanking uit die intensiewesorgomgewing die volgende insluit: onvoldoende salarisse, te veel stres en emosionele uitputting, ongerieflike werkure, personeeltekort en onbevredigende werkomstandighede. Daar is bevind dat verpleeg-sessiewerk steeds deur die respondente gedoen word, al werk hulle huidig voltyds buite die intensiewesorgomgewing. / In this exploratory, descriptive and contextual study research has been done to establish the reasons why intensive care nursing personnel resign from the intensive care environment in the northern Gauteng region. The researcher aimed to establish the factors that contributed to the resignations from the intensive care environment, to identify the non-nursing careers currently being practised by former intensive care nursing staff and to establish the factors that influenced them to practice non-nursing careers. The data was collected through questionnaires completed by former intensive care nursing personnel. The snowball test sampling method has been used. Data analysis has shown the following to be inter alia the reasons for the resignations from the intensive care environment: insufficient income, exhaustion and emotional stress, inconvenient working hours, staff shortages and unsatisfactory working conditions. One finding is that respondents are still doing nursing session work although they are working full-time in nonnursing capacities. / Health Studies / M.A. (Verpleegkunde)

Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Autobiography is a growing, but elusive literary genre. However, when texts are read as autobiographical – and thus as a form of self-representation – the theme of identity provides the reader with an interesting and useful method by which to approach it. In this study, two Afrikaans autobiographical texts are approached in a comparative manner, with the aim being to examine the writers’ representations of themselves. The texts studied are ’n Wonderlike geweld (2005) by Elsa Joubert, and ’n Ander tongval (2005) by Antjie Krog. Besides the autobiographical nature of these texts, the comparison is also based on: the writers’ status in the Afrikaans literary system, similarities beween them and their backgrounds, and the corresponding publication dates. The theoretical basis from where the concepts autobiography and identity are viewed is explained briefly. The emphasis falls on autobiography as a hybrid genre, that is defined mainly by how it is read. The use of identity as a reading strategy is suggested, with identity being understood as an unstable construction that changes constantly, depending on the context in which it is constructed. Consequently, the different identities according to which Joubert and Krog reveal themselves to the reader and the autobiographical forms through which they achieve this, are examined and discussed in separate chapters. Specific emphasis is placed on how they convey the spirit of the time and on the influence of the context in which the texts are published. Finally, the differences and similarities in the writers’ representation of themselves are summarised. In the end it emerges that the reading strategy focused on identity provides the reader with a useful approach to the study of texts in the autobiographical genre, since it is possible to successfully apply it to two texts with diverse autobiographical qualities. Furthermore, it becomes clear that the structure and style of these texts mirror the writer’s approach to identity to a great extent. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Outobiografie is ’n groeiende, maar onpeilbare literêre genre. Wanneer tekste as outobiografies – en dus as ’n vorm van self-representasie – benader word, bied die tema van identiteit egter ’n interessante en nuttige invalshoek. In hierdie studie word twee Afrikaanse outobiografiese tekste vergelykend benader, met die doel om die skrywers se voorstellings van hul identiteit daarin te ondersoek. Die twee tekste wat gebruik word, is ’n Wonderlike geweld (2005) van Elsa Joubert, en ’n Ander tongval (2005) van Antjie Krog. Benewens die outobiografiese aard van die tekste, sluit die basis vir vergelyking ook die skrywers se status binne die Afrikaanse literêre sisteem, ooreenkomste tussen hulle en hul agtergronde, en die ooreenstemmende publikasiedatums in. Die teoretiese basis vanwaar die begrippe outobiografie en identiteit beskou word, word kortliks uiteengesit. Die klem val op outobiografie as ’n hibridiese genre wat veral gedefinieer word op grond van hoe ’n mens dit lees. Die gebruik van identiteit word dan as ’n lees-strategie voorgestel, met identiteit wat verstaan word as ’n onstabiele konstruksie wat konstant verander op grond van die konteks waarbinne dit gekonstrueer word. Die verskillende identiteite waarvolgens Joubert en Krog hulself aan die leser openbaar en die outobiografiese vorme wat hulle hiervoor gebruik, word dan ondersoek en bespreek in twee afsonderlike hoofstukke. Spesifieke klem word gelê op die tydsgees wat vasgevang word en die invloed wat die konteks waarbinne die tekste gepubliseer word, het. Uiteindelik word die verskille en ooreenkomste in die skrywers se voorstellings van hulself saamgevat. Ten slotte blyk dit dat die lees-strategie wat fokus op identiteit ’n nuttige invalshoek bied vir die studie van tekste binne die outobiografiese genre, aangesien dit met vrug op twee tekste met uiteenlopende outobiografiese eienskappe toegepas kan word. Verder word dit ook duidelik dat die struktuur en styl van die tekste in ’n groot mate die skrywer daarvan se benadering tot identiteit weerspieël.

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie beskrywende, verkennende en kontekstuele studie is ondersoek gedoen na redes waarom opgeleide intensiewesorgverpleegkundiges uit die intensiewesorgomgewing bedank en buite die intensiewesorgomgewing werk in die noordelike gedeelte van Gauteng. Doelwitte vir die studie was om die faktore te bepaal wat bydra tot die bedanking uit die intensiewesorgeenheid, die identifisering van die nie-verpleegkundige beroepe wat tans beoefen word en die bepaling van die faktore wat bydra tot die beoefening van 'n nie-verpleegkundige beroep. Die data is ingesamel deur middel van 'n vraelys wat voltooi is deur opgeleide intensiewesorgverpleegkundiges wat bedank het uit die intensiewesorgomgewing. Die sneeubalsteekproeftegniek is gebruik. Die data-analise het getoon dat redes vir bedanking uit die intensiewesorgomgewing die volgende insluit: onvoldoende salarisse, te veel stres en emosionele uitputting, ongerieflike werkure, personeeltekort en onbevredigende werkomstandighede. Daar is bevind dat verpleeg-sessiewerk steeds deur die respondente gedoen word, al werk hulle huidig voltyds buite die intensiewesorgomgewing. / In this exploratory, descriptive and contextual study research has been done to establish the reasons why intensive care nursing personnel resign from the intensive care environment in the northern Gauteng region. The researcher aimed to establish the factors that contributed to the resignations from the intensive care environment, to identify the non-nursing careers currently being practised by former intensive care nursing staff and to establish the factors that influenced them to practice non-nursing careers. The data was collected through questionnaires completed by former intensive care nursing personnel. The snowball test sampling method has been used. Data analysis has shown the following to be inter alia the reasons for the resignations from the intensive care environment: insufficient income, exhaustion and emotional stress, inconvenient working hours, staff shortages and unsatisfactory working conditions. One finding is that respondents are still doing nursing session work although they are working full-time in nonnursing capacities. / Health Studies / M.A. (Verpleegkunde)