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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Caractérisation des voies de signalisation contrôlées par les androgènes dans le muscle strié chez la souris / Caracterisation of signaling pathways controled by androgens in mouse striated muscle

Schuh, Mélanie 11 September 2014 (has links)
Les muscles permettent de générer force et mouvements et ont des fonctions métaboliques importantes. Mon travail a consisté à caractériser le rôle et les mécanismes d’actions des androgènes dans le muscle strié. Nous avons montré que l’ablation du récepteur des androgènes dans les myofibres n’affecte pas la masse musculaire car à la fois les voies anaboliques (IGF1) et cataboliques (myostatine) sont dérégulées. Cependant, l’absence du récepteur dans les myofibres diminue l’hypertrophie musculaire induite par une surcharge mécanique et limite l’atrophie induite par les glucocorticoïdes. Son ablation augmente également l’autophagie, entrainant une déstructuration des sarcomères, conduisant à une diminution de la force musculaire. De plus, sa délétion diminue la vitesse d’absorption du glucose lors d’une surcharge glucidique. Le récepteur des androgènes dans les myofibres régule donc la masse et la force musculaire, ainsi que l’import du glucose. / Muscles generate strength and movement, and have important metabolic functions. The aim of my work was to characterize the role and mechanisms of action of androgen receptor in skeletal muscle. We show that ablation of the androgen receptor in skeletal muscle myofibers does not affect muscle mass as both anabolic (IGF1) and catabolic pathways (myostatin) are deregulated. However, the absence of this receptor in myofibers decreases muscle hypertrophy induced by mechanical overload and limits glucocorticoids-induced muscle atrophy. Its ablation also increases autophagy, leading to sacromeres destructuration, resulting in decreased muscle strength. Moreover, its deletion reduced the rate of glucose absorption during a glucidic overload. Thus, myofibres androgen receptor regulates muscle mass and strength, as well as glucose import.
192

Ánálise de alterações no gene receptor de andrógeno em homens com infertilidade idiopática / Analysis of changes in the androgen receptor gene in men with idiopathic infertility

MESQUITA, Wyara Elanne de Jesus Castro 31 March 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao wyara biologia.pdf: 1287742 bytes, checksum: 4b2f592f2b219248664d4916820cd874 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / Male idiopathic infertility is related to defects in normal spermatogenesis, due to genetic causes. The spermatogenesis is a dependent process on high levels of male sex hormones, the androgens. The androgen, in turn, perform its function when associated with the androgen receptor (AR), protein encoded by AR gene. Mutation in AR gene lead to a synthesis of non functional AR, which results in the failure of the process of spermatogenesis and, consequently, causes male infertility. This work has as its main objective the verification of the occurrence of mutation in the AR gene in patients with male idiopathic infertility who come from the HC-UFG Human Reproduction Center. Samples were analyzed from 206 patients. The result was that 95 patients were found to be normal while 111 with an altered result for the spermogram. The samples were amplified for exons 1, 4, 6, 7 and 8 of the AR gene and the results subjected to statistical analysis, Mann Whitney, logistic regression, and chi tests. The existence of the relationship between defects of sperm and AR gene mutation was verified. The analysis of the relationship between the spermogram and the AR gene mutation in five evaluated exons was significant only for exons 1 and 7. Patients with numerical unsettled spermogram had a higher frequency of mutations in exon 7, teratozoospermics in exon 1 and exon 7 in astenozoospermics patients. Exons 4, 6 and 8 showed no meaningful statistical relationship in reference to the alteration of the spermogram. Among results related to social custom, alcohol proved to be significant for mutation in the AR gene. This study has reaffirmed the relationship between the presence of mutation in AR genes as probable causes of defects in spermatogenesis. Consequently, male idiopathic infertility depends not only on the genetic factor, but also on the association between this factor and the environment where man inhabits / A infertilidade masculina idiopática está relacionada a defeitos na espermatogênese normal, devido a causas genéticas. A espermatogênese é um processo dependente de altos níveis de hormônios sexuais masculinos, os andrógenos. E os andrógenos, por sua vez, exercem sua função quando associados ao receptor androgênico (RA), proteína codificada pelo gene RA. Mutações no gene RA levam a síntese do RA não funcional, o que acarreta em falhas no processo de espermatogênese e consequentemente causam infertilidade masculina. O trabalho teve como principal objetivo verificar a ocorrência ou não de mutação no gene RA em pacientes com infertilidade masculina idiopática do Centro de Reprodução Humana do HCUFG. Foram analisadas 206 amostras de pacientes, sendo 95 normais e 111 alterados para o espermograma. As amostras foram amplificadas para os exons 1, 4, 6, 7 e 8 do gene RA e os resultados submetidos às análises estatísticas, teste U, quiquadrado e regressão logística. Foi verificada a existência de relação entre alteração no espermograma e mutação no gene RA. A análise da relação entre espermograma e mutação no gene RA dos cinco exons avaliados foi significativa somente para os exons 1 e 7. Os pacientes com alteração numérica para o espermograma apresentaram uma freqüência maior de mutações no exon 7, os pacientes teratozoospérmicos no exon 1 e os astenozoospérmicos no exon 7. Os exons 4, 6 e 8 não apresentaram relação estatística significativa para alterações no espermograma. Dentre os resultados referentes aos hábitos sociais, o etilismo mostrou-se significativo para mutações no gene RA. A realização desse estudo vem reafirmar a relação entre presença de mutações no gene RA como prováveis causas de defeitos na espermatogênese e, consequentemente, infertilidade masculina idiopática, não dependendo exclusivamente do fator gênico, mas da associação entre este fator e o meio ambiente onde o homem está inserido
193

Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention on Change in Body Composition in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy

Chaplow, Zachary Lewis 24 August 2018 (has links)
No description available.
194

A step forward in using QSARs for regulatory hazard and exposure assessment of chemicals / Ett steg framåt i användandet av QSARs för regulatorisk riskbedömning och bedömning av exponeringen till kemikalier

Rybacka, Aleksandra January 2016 (has links)
According to the REACH regulation chemicals produced or imported to the European Union need to be assessed to manage the risk of potential hazard to human health and the environment. An increasing number of chemicals in commerce prompts the need for utilizing faster and cheaper alternative methods for this assessment, such as quantitative structure-activity or property relationships (QSARs or QSPRs). QSARs and QSPRs are models that seek correlation between data on chemicals molecular structure and a specific activity or property, such as environmental fate characteristics and (eco)toxicological effects. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate and develop models for the hazard assessment of industrial chemicals and the exposure assessment of pharmaceuticals. In focus were the identification of chemicals potentially demonstrating carcinogenic (C), mutagenic (M), or reprotoxic (R) effects, and endocrine disruption, the importance of metabolism in hazard identification, and the understanding of adsorption of ionisable chemicals to sludge with implications to the fate of pharmaceuticals in waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Also, issues related to QSARs including consensus modelling, applicability domain, and ionisation of input structures were addressed. The main findings presented herein are as follows: QSARs were successful in identifying almost all carcinogens and most mutagens but worse in predicting chemicals toxic to reproduction. Metabolic activation is a key event in the identification of potentially hazardous chemicals, particularly for chemicals demonstrating estrogen (E) and transthyretin (T) related alterations of the endocrine system, but also for mutagens. The accuracy of currently available metabolism simulators is rather low for industrial chemicals. However, when combined with QSARs, the tool was found useful in identifying chemicals that demonstrated E- and T- related effects in vivo. We recommend using a consensus approach in final judgement about a compound’s toxicity that is to combine QSAR derived data to reach a consensus prediction. That is particularly useful for models based on data of slightly different molecular events or species. QSAR models need to have well-defined applicability domains (AD) to ensure their reliability, which can be reached by e.g. the conformal prediction (CP) method. By providing confidence metrics CP allows a better control over predictive boundaries of QSAR models than other distance-based AD methods. Pharmaceuticals can interact with sewage sludge by different intermolecular forces for which also the ionisation state has an impact. Developed models showed that sorption of neutral and positively-charged pharmaceuticals was mainly hydrophobicity-driven but also impacted by Pi-Pi and dipole-dipole forces. In contrast, negatively-charged molecules predominantly interacted via covalent bonding and ion-ion, ion-dipole, and dipole-dipole forces. Using ionised structures in multivariate modelling of sorption to sludge did not improve the model performance for positively- and negatively charged species but we noted an improvement for neutral chemicals that may be due to a more correct description of zwitterions.   Overall, the results provided insights on the current weaknesses and strengths of QSAR approaches in hazard and exposure assessment of chemicals. QSARs have a great potential to serve as commonly used tools in hazard identification to predict various responses demanded in chemical safety assessment. In combination with other tools they can provide fundaments for integrated testing strategies that gather and generate information about compound’s toxicity and provide insights of its potential hazard. The obtained results also show that QSARs can be utilized for pattern recognition that facilitates a better understanding of phenomena related to fate of chemicals in WWTP. / Enligt kemikalielagstiftningen REACH måste kemikalier som produceras i eller importeras till Europeiska unionen riskbedömas avseende hälso- och miljöfara. Den ökande mängden kemikalier som används i samhället kräver snabbare och billigare alternativa riskbedömningsmetoder, såsom kvantitativa struktur-aktivitets- eller egenskapssamband (QSARs eller QSPRs). QSARs och QSPRs är datamodeller där samband söks korrelationer mellan data för kemikaliers struktur-relaterade egenskaper och t.ex. kemikaliers persistens eller (eko)toxiska effekter. Målet med den här avhandlingen var att utvärdera och utveckla modeller för riskbedömning av industri kemikalier och läkemedel för att studera hur QSARs/QSPRs kan förbättra riskbedömningsprocessen. Fokus i avhandlingen var utveckling av metoder för identifiering av potentiellt cancerframkallande (C), mutagena (M), eller reproduktionstoxiska (R) kemikalier, och endokrint aktiva kemikalier, att studera betydelsen av metabolism vid riskbedömning och att öka vår förståelse för joniserbara kemikaliers adsorption till avloppsslam. Avhandlingen behandlar även konsensusmodellering, beskrivning av modellers giltighet och betydelsen av jonisering för kemiska deskriptorer. De huvudsakliga resultaten som presenteras i avhandlingen är: QSAR-modeller identifierade nästan alla cancerframkallande ämnen och de flesta mutagener men var sämre på att identifiera reproduktionstoxiska kemikalier. Metabolisk aktivering är av stor betydelse vid identifikationen av potentiellt toxiska kemikalier, speciellt för kemikalier som påvisar östrogen- (E) och sköldkörtel-relaterade (T) förändringar av det endokrina systemet men även för mutagener. Träffsäkerheten för de tillgängliga metabolismsimulatorerna är ganska låg för industriella kemikalier men i kombination med QSARs så var verktyget användbart för identifikation av kemikalier som påvisade E- och T-relaterade effekter in vivo. Vi rekommenderar att använda konsensusmodellering vid in silico baserad bedömning av kemikaliers toxicitet, d.v.s. att skapa en sammanvägd förutsägelse baserat på flera QSAR-modeller. Det är speciellt användbart för modeller som baseras på data från delvis olika mekanismer eller arter. QSAR-modeller måste ha ett väldefinierat giltighetsområde (AD) för att garantera dess pålitlighet vilket kan uppnås med t.ex. conformal prediction (CP)-metoden. CP-metoden ger en bättre kontroll över prediktiva gränser hos QSAR-modeller än andra distansbaserade AD-metoder. Läkemedel kan interagera med avloppsslam genom olika intermolekylära krafter som även påverkas av joniseringstillståndet. Modellerna visade att adsorptionen av neutrala och positivt laddade läkemedel var huvudsakligen hydrofobicitetsdrivna men också påverkade av Pi-Pi- och dipol-dipol-krafter. Negativt laddade molekyler interagerade huvudsakligen med slam via kovalent bindning och jon-jon-, jon-dipol-, och dipol-dipol-krafter. Kemiska deskriptorer baserade på joniserade molekyler förbättrade inte prestandan för adsorptionsmodeller för positiva och negativa joner men vi noterade en förbättring av modeller för neutrala substanser som kan bero på en mer korrekt beskrivning av zwitterjoner. Sammanfattningsvis visade resultaten på QSAR-modellers styrkor och svagheter för användning som verkyg vid risk- och exponeringsbedömning av kemikalier. QSARs har stor potential för bred användning vid riskidentifiering och för att förutsäga en mängd olika responser som krävs vid riskbedömning av kemikalier. I kombination med andra verktyg kan QSARs förse oss med data för användning vid integrerade bedömningar där data sammanvägs från olika metoder. De erhållna resultaten visar också att QSARs kan användas för att bedöma och ge en bättre förståelse för kemikaliers öde i vattenreningsverk.
195

ID4 and FKBP52 Interaction Regulates Androgen Receptor Activity: Mechanistic Insight

Joshi, Jugal Bharat 16 December 2016 (has links)
The inhibitor of DNA binding protein 4 (ID4) is a dominant negative regulator of basic helix loop helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors.1 Recently, Patel et al., demonstrated that inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4) acts as a tumor suppressor and its loss, frequently observed in prostate cancer, promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) through constitutive androgen receptor (AR) activation.2 However, the mechanism by which loss of ID4 promotes constitutively active AR signaling in the CRPC conditions is unknown. The rationale of the present study was to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms through which loss of ID4 potentiates AR signaling in this setting. Initially, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay results demonstrated a significant increase in binding of AR to its respective response elements on PSA, FKBP51, TMPRSS2, and ETV1 promoters in L(-)ID4 cells, further implicating constitutive AR activity. Among the notable findings, proteomic profiling between prostate cancer cell line LNCaP (L+ns) and LNCaP lacking ID4 (L(-)ID4) revealed elevated protein levels of Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and the 52-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP52), suggesting a role for these AR-associated co-chaperones in promoting constitutively active AR signaling in L(-)ID4 cells. Interestingly, protein interaction studies further confirmed a direct interaction between ID4 and FKBP52 in vitro but not with AR. Recent evidences suggest that FKBP52 is a positive regulator of AR signaling in cellular and whole animal models.3-6 Thus, we hypothesized that ID4 acts as a tumor suppressor by selectively regulating AR activity through interaction with FKBP52. To address the underlying mechanism, we blocked the FKBP52-AR signaling using a specific inhibitory compound known as MJC13.4, 6-7 The results demonstrated that MJC13 effectively inhibited AR-dependent expression and activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, xenograft studies further confirmed that inhibiting FKBP52-regulated AR activity via MJC13 significantly attenuated the growth of subcutaneous L(-)ID4 xenografts in vivo. Collectively, our results suggested that ID4 selectively regulates AR activity through direct interaction with FKBP52 in vitro, and, its loss promotes CRPC through FKBP52-mediated AR signaling. Increased AR signaling along with a subsequent decrease in ID4 expression levels in prostate cancer strongly supports this model.
196

Caracterização da próstata canina quanto a aspectos envolvidos na evolução para o carcinoma prostático / Characterization of canine prostate in relation to evolution to prostatic carcinoma

Terazaki, Patricia Matsuzaki 09 June 2009 (has links)
O cão é a única espécie, além do homem, em que o câncer de próstata (CP), a neoplasia intraepitelial prostática (PIN) e a hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) ocorrem espontaneamente, permitindo dessa forma que se realize estudo comparativo de afecções benignas e malignas da próstata. Acredita-se que a existência de stem cells malignas, localizadas na camada de células basais da próstata, seja um dos fatores responsáveis pelo insucesso da terapia por ablação androgênica que ocorre na maioria dos carcinomas prostáticos avançados. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a próstata canina quanto a aspectos envolvidos na evolução para o carcinoma prostático, tentando identificar a origem celular e as alterações das lesões pré-neoplásicas. Foram obtidas 44 próstatas na necrópsia. Amostras prostáticas foram fixadas em metacarne, embebidas em parafina e seccionadas a 5µm para a coloração com hematoxilina eosina (HE) e avaliadas em relação à presença de hiperplasia, prostatite, PIN e neoplasia. Além disso, cortes corados em HE representando cada afecção foram utilizados na determinação da área nuclear média por morfometria computadorizada. Cortes histológicos obtidos em lâminas silanizadas foram utilizados na imunoistoquímica para células basais (p63 e 34E-12), conexinas 32 e 43, receptor de andrógeno (AR) e antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA). Amostras foram coletadas também em nitrogênio líquido e mantidas a 80o C para a realização do PCR quantitativo em tempo real, para a determinação da expressão do RNAm do AR, e para a realização do Western blot, para a determinação da expressão da conexina 43. As afecções mais freqüentes foram a prostatite e a hiperplasia prostática benigna. Foi observada uma maior porcentagem de células basais e um alto índice proliferativo, como demonstrado pela imunoistoquímica para o PCNA, na neoplasia intraepitelial prostática. Além disso, observou-se nessas lesões marcação nuclear heterogênea para o AR, menor em relação à dos ácinos benignos. Ao contrário do observado na próstata humana, não foi observada expressão das conexinas 32 e 43 na próstata canina (normal ou com PIN). A área nuclear média, obtida pela morfometria computadorizada, foi maior em células epiteliais de ácinos apresentando PIN e/ou neoplasia em relação à de células epiteliais de ácinos benignos. Observou-se expressão variável do RNAm para o AR nas PINs e neoplasias, utilizando-se o PCR em tempo real. Estes achados sugerem que células basais malignas desempenham papel na origem da neoplasia intraepitelial prostática e possuem capacidade de proliferar a despeito da expressão heterogênea do receptor de andrógeno. / Dogs are the only animal other than man to develop prostate cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (HPB) spontaneously, allowing the comparison between benign and malignat affections of prostate. Malignant stem cells among the basal cell layer of the prostate are believed to play an important role in the failure of androgen-ablation therapy that occurs in most advanced prostate cancer. The goal of this study was to characterize the canine prostate in relation to evolution to prostatic carcinoma, trying to identify the cellular origin and the alterations of pre-neoplastic lesions. Forty-four canine prostates were obtained at necropsy. Prostatic samples were fixed in methacarn, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned into 5µm-thick slices for hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and evaluated for the presence of hyperplasia, prostatitis, PIN and neoplasia. Moreover, HE stained sections representing each affection were used to determine the mean nuclear area by computerized morphometry. Tissue sections obtained in silanized slides were used in immunohistochemical staining for basal cells (p63 and 34E-12), connexins 32 and 43, androgen receptor (AR) and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Quantitative real-time PCR to determine the expression level of AR at the mRNA level and Western blot to protein levels of connexin 43 were examined in samples collected using liquid nitrogen and kept at 80o C. The most common lesions were prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia exhibited a higher percent of basal cells and was highly proliferative, as demonstrated by PCNA immunohistochemistry. Moreover, these lesions exhibited heterogeneous nuclear AR staining, lower in comparision with benign acini. In contrast to human prostate, the canine prostate (normal or harboring PIN) did not express the connexins 32 and 43. The mean nuclear area measured by computerized morphometry was greater in epithelial cells of PIN and neoplastic acini than that of benign acini. We found variable RNAm AR expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and neoplasia by real-time PCR. These findings suggest that malignant basal cells may play a role in the origin of PIN and can proliferate despite the heterogeneous AR expression.
197

Identificação e análise de expressão de RNAs intrônicos não codificadores humanos / Identification and expression analysis of human intronic noncoding RNAs

Nakaya, Helder Takashi Imoto 09 March 2007 (has links)
Neste trabalho, nós mostramos estudos em larga-escala de RNAs não codificadores antisenso que são transcritos em regiões intrônicas de genes humanos. Alguns destes transcritos intrônicos possuem níveis de expressão correlacionados ao grau de diferenciação tumoral de câncer de próstata, apontando para uma relevância biológica destas mensagens em doenças complexas como o câncer. Nós também avaliamos a existência de um mecanismo comum de regulação de transcrição, compartilhado por mRNAs codificadores de proteína e RNAs intrônicos, através de análises de perfis de expressão de uma linhagem tumoral de próstata estimulada por andrógeno. A análise de ESTs e mRNAs depositados em bancos públicos de seqüências revelou mais de 55 mil RNAs Totalmente Intrônicos Não-codificadores (TIN), transcritos dos íntrons de 74% de todos os genes RefSeq únicos. Guiados por esta informação, nós desenhamos uma plataforma de oligonucleotídeos contendo sondas senso e antisenso para cada um de 7.520 transcritos TIN selecionados aleatoriamente, além de sondas para os genes codificadores de proteína correspondentes. Nós identificamos assinaturas intrônicas e exônicas de expressão tecido-específicas em fígado, próstata e rim. Os RNAs TIN antisenso mais altamente expressos eram transcritos de íntrons de genes codificadores de proteína enriquecidos na categoria ?Regulação da transcrição?. A inibição da RNA Polimerase II resultou num aumento de expressão de uma fração dos RNAs intrônicos em células em cultura, sugerindo que outras RNA Polimerases possam estar envolvidas em sua biossíntese. Um subconjunto das assinaturas intrônicas e exônicas localizadas nos mesmos loci genômicos possuíram padrões de expressão correlacionados, sugerindo que RNAs intrônicos regulem a abundância ou o padrão de uso de éxons de mensagens codificadoras de proteína. Nós identificamos diversos padrões de expressão de RNAs intrônicos, indicando que eles possam ter papéis regulatórios. Esta estratégia orientada pelo gene, que combina um microarray intrônico/exônico deve permitir análises comparativas futuras de transcrição intrônica sob várias condições fisiológicas e patológicas, avançando assim em nosso conhecimento sobre as funções biológicas destes RNAs não codificadores. / In this work, we show large-scale studies of antisense noncoding RNAs transcribed from intronic regions of human genes. The correlation of expression levels of some intronic transcripts to the degree of tumor differentiation in prostate cancer points to the biological relevance of these messages in complex diseases such as cancer. We also evaluated the existence of a common mechanism of regulation of transcription shared by protein-coding mRNAs and intronic RNAs by measuring the effect of androgen on the transcriptional profile of a prostate cancer cell line. Survey of mRNA and EST public databases revealed more than 55,000 Totally Intronic Noncoding (TIN) RNAs transcribed from the introns of 74% of all unique RefSeq genes. Guided by this information, we designed an oligoarray platform containing sense and antisense probes for each of 7,520 randomly-selected TIN transcripts plus probes for the corresponding protein-coding genes. We identified exonic and intronic tissue-specific expression signatures for human liver, prostate and kidney. The most highly expressed antisense TIN RNAs were transcribed from introns of proteincoding genes enriched in the \"Regulation of transcription\" class. RNA Polymerase II inhibition resulted in increased expression of a fraction of the intronic RNAs in cell cultures, suggesting that other RNA polymerases may be involved in their biosynthesis. A subset of intronic and protein-coding signatures transcribed from the same genomic loci has correlated expression patterns, suggesting that intronic RNAs regulate the abundance or the pattern of exon usage in protein-coding messages. We have identified diverse intronic RNA expression patterns, indicating that they may have regulatory roles. This gene-oriented approach, using a combined intronic/exonic microarray should permit further comparative analysis of intronic transcription under various physiological and pathological conditions, thus advancing current knowledge about the biological functions of these noncoding RNAs.
198

Functional characterization of molecular determinants (endothelial nitric oxide synthase/eNOS and nuclear receptor TLX) in castration- and antiandrogen-resistant growth of prostate cancer. / 內皮細胞型一氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)和核受體TLX在去勢難治性和抗雄激素耐受性前列腺癌中的功能研究 / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / Nei pi xi bao xing yi yang hua dan he cheng mei (eNOS) he he shou ti TLX zai qu shi nan zhi xing he kang xiong ji su nai shou xing qian lie xian ai zhong de gong neng yan jiu

January 2013 (has links)
Jia, Lin. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-146). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.
199

Terapia hormonal exógena em ratos senis : caracterização dos efeitos sobre os diferentes lobos prostáticos / Hormonal exogen therapy in senile rats : characterization of effects upon different prostatic lobes

Cândido, Eduardo Marcelo, 1979- 05 November 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon Quitete / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T17:40:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Candido_EduardoMarcelo_D.pdf: 29056954 bytes, checksum: 56337986d8eaf83c84b1cf42b26d64df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar e comparar a estrutura e a biologia molecular dos receptores esteróides dos lobos prostáticos e da glândula de coagulação em ratos senis, submetidos a diferentes terapias hormonais exógenas, além de identificar os processos de proliferação e apoptose nesses órgãos. Trinta ratos da linhagem Sprague-Dawley com 10 meses de idade foram divididos em seis grupos experimentais e submetidos aos respectivos tratamentos: Grupo Senil/Controle (SC); Grupo Senil/Testosterona (ST); Grupo Senil/Estrógeno (SE); Grupo Castrado (CA); Grupo Castrado-Testosterona (CT); e Grupo Castrado-Estrógeno (CE). Após trinta dias de tratamento, os animais foram sacrificados e as amostras do lobo ventral (LV), lobo dorsal (LD) e glândula de coagulação (GC) foram coletados e processados para microscopia de luz, imunohistoquímica e Western Blotting. As concentrações séricas de hormônios esteróides em amostras sanguíneas também foram determinadas. Os resultados mostraram manutenção tecidual epitelial no LD e na GC após administração de testosterona (grupos ST). Já o LV apresentou espaçamento entre epitélio e estroma. Na administração de testosterona pós-castração (grupos CT), as respostas divergiram entre as glândulas analisadas. No LV tanto o epitélio quanto o estroma mantiveram-se alterados. O LD apresentou recuperação morfológica na comparação com o grupo CA. Já na GC, enquanto o epitélio mostrou sinais de recuperação, o estroma manteve características de hiperplasia e hipertrofia. A administração de estrógeno (grupos SE e CE) manteve ou pouco alterou a morfologia da GC, porém, provocou ampla desestruturação tecidual nos lobos ventral e dorsal, com geração de micro-ácinos, presença de NIPs e focos inflamatórios. A imunohistoquímica revelou diferenças quanto à imunorreatividade dos receptores androgênicos e estrogênicos em relação aos compartimentos epiteliais e estromal em todos os órgãos avaliados. O AR foi intensamente imunorreativo no epitélio dos lobos dorsal e ventral, situação oposta à observada nas glândulas de coagulação, onde o AR foi prevalentemente estromal. O ERa foi essencialmente estromal em todos os órgãos, enquanto que o ERb foi essencialmente encontrado no epitélio do lobo ventral e no estroma das glândulas de coagulação. No lobo dorsal, o ERb foi essencialmente estromal nos grupos SC e ST, com sua imunorreatividade alterando-se para epitelial nos grupos SE e CA, mostrando que esse receptor respondeu efetivamente à ação hormonal alterando sua localização. Assim, pode-se concluir que a terapia hormonal exógena, especialmente de testosterona, pode ser útil na manutenção tecidual prostática e que a imunorreatividade diferencial dos receptores hormonais pode sugerir uma forma lobo-específica de atuação dos hormônios sexuais na manutenção tecidual e promoção de patogênese prostática / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize and compare the structure and the molecular biology of the steroid hormone receptors from prostatic lobes and coagulating gland in elderly rats submitted to different hormonal exogen therapies, besides identifying the apoptosis and proliferation processes in these organs. Thirty ten-month-old male rats were divided into six groups: Senile/Control group (SC); Senile/Testosterone group (ST); Senile/Estrogen group (SE); Castrated group (CA); Castrated-Testosterone group (CT); and Castrated-Estrogen group (CE). After 30-day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the prostatic ventral lobe (VL), dorsal lobe (DL) and coagulating gland (CG) samples were collected and processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting analyses. Serum steroid hormone concentrations in blood samples were also determined. The results showed epithelial tissue maintenance in DL and CG after testosterone administration (ST groups). However, the VL presented spacing between the epithelium and the stroma. After castration and testosterone administration, it was verified that both epithelium and stroma were changed in the VL. The DL showed morphological recovery in relation to the CA group. The CG showed signs of epithelial recovery in contrast to the glandular stroma, which maintained features of hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Estrogen administration (SE and CE groups) caused few changes in the CG morphology. However, the estrogen led to intense tissue disorganization in both VL and DL, showing microacini, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and inflammatory foci. The immunohistochemical analysis showed intense AR immunoreactivity in the epithelium of the DL and VL, whereas AR immunoreaction was predominant in the stromal cells in the CG. ER? occurred preferentially in the stromal compartment in all the studied organs, while ER? was found preferentially in the VL epithelium and in the CG stroma. ER? immunoreactivity was predominantly stromal in the DL from SC and ST groups. In contrast, there was a change of the ER? reactivity to the epithelial cells in the DL from SE and CA groups. This fact showed that this hormone receptor actually was responsive to the hormonal action changing its localization. So, it could be concluded that hormonal exogen therapy, especially with testosterone, could be useful in prostatic tissue maintenance. In addition, the differential immunoreactivities of the hormonal receptors could suggest a lobe-specific way of action of the sex steroidal hormones in tissue maintenance and in the triggering of prostatic pathogenesis / Doutorado / Anatomia / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Caracterização da próstata canina quanto a aspectos envolvidos na evolução para o carcinoma prostático / Characterization of canine prostate in relation to evolution to prostatic carcinoma

Patricia Matsuzaki Terazaki 09 June 2009 (has links)
O cão é a única espécie, além do homem, em que o câncer de próstata (CP), a neoplasia intraepitelial prostática (PIN) e a hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) ocorrem espontaneamente, permitindo dessa forma que se realize estudo comparativo de afecções benignas e malignas da próstata. Acredita-se que a existência de stem cells malignas, localizadas na camada de células basais da próstata, seja um dos fatores responsáveis pelo insucesso da terapia por ablação androgênica que ocorre na maioria dos carcinomas prostáticos avançados. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a próstata canina quanto a aspectos envolvidos na evolução para o carcinoma prostático, tentando identificar a origem celular e as alterações das lesões pré-neoplásicas. Foram obtidas 44 próstatas na necrópsia. Amostras prostáticas foram fixadas em metacarne, embebidas em parafina e seccionadas a 5µm para a coloração com hematoxilina eosina (HE) e avaliadas em relação à presença de hiperplasia, prostatite, PIN e neoplasia. Além disso, cortes corados em HE representando cada afecção foram utilizados na determinação da área nuclear média por morfometria computadorizada. Cortes histológicos obtidos em lâminas silanizadas foram utilizados na imunoistoquímica para células basais (p63 e 34E-12), conexinas 32 e 43, receptor de andrógeno (AR) e antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA). Amostras foram coletadas também em nitrogênio líquido e mantidas a 80o C para a realização do PCR quantitativo em tempo real, para a determinação da expressão do RNAm do AR, e para a realização do Western blot, para a determinação da expressão da conexina 43. As afecções mais freqüentes foram a prostatite e a hiperplasia prostática benigna. Foi observada uma maior porcentagem de células basais e um alto índice proliferativo, como demonstrado pela imunoistoquímica para o PCNA, na neoplasia intraepitelial prostática. Além disso, observou-se nessas lesões marcação nuclear heterogênea para o AR, menor em relação à dos ácinos benignos. Ao contrário do observado na próstata humana, não foi observada expressão das conexinas 32 e 43 na próstata canina (normal ou com PIN). A área nuclear média, obtida pela morfometria computadorizada, foi maior em células epiteliais de ácinos apresentando PIN e/ou neoplasia em relação à de células epiteliais de ácinos benignos. Observou-se expressão variável do RNAm para o AR nas PINs e neoplasias, utilizando-se o PCR em tempo real. Estes achados sugerem que células basais malignas desempenham papel na origem da neoplasia intraepitelial prostática e possuem capacidade de proliferar a despeito da expressão heterogênea do receptor de andrógeno. / Dogs are the only animal other than man to develop prostate cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (HPB) spontaneously, allowing the comparison between benign and malignat affections of prostate. Malignant stem cells among the basal cell layer of the prostate are believed to play an important role in the failure of androgen-ablation therapy that occurs in most advanced prostate cancer. The goal of this study was to characterize the canine prostate in relation to evolution to prostatic carcinoma, trying to identify the cellular origin and the alterations of pre-neoplastic lesions. Forty-four canine prostates were obtained at necropsy. Prostatic samples were fixed in methacarn, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned into 5µm-thick slices for hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and evaluated for the presence of hyperplasia, prostatitis, PIN and neoplasia. Moreover, HE stained sections representing each affection were used to determine the mean nuclear area by computerized morphometry. Tissue sections obtained in silanized slides were used in immunohistochemical staining for basal cells (p63 and 34E-12), connexins 32 and 43, androgen receptor (AR) and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Quantitative real-time PCR to determine the expression level of AR at the mRNA level and Western blot to protein levels of connexin 43 were examined in samples collected using liquid nitrogen and kept at 80o C. The most common lesions were prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia exhibited a higher percent of basal cells and was highly proliferative, as demonstrated by PCNA immunohistochemistry. Moreover, these lesions exhibited heterogeneous nuclear AR staining, lower in comparision with benign acini. In contrast to human prostate, the canine prostate (normal or harboring PIN) did not express the connexins 32 and 43. The mean nuclear area measured by computerized morphometry was greater in epithelial cells of PIN and neoplastic acini than that of benign acini. We found variable RNAm AR expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and neoplasia by real-time PCR. These findings suggest that malignant basal cells may play a role in the origin of PIN and can proliferate despite the heterogeneous AR expression.

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