Orientador: Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia / Banca: Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia / Banca: Pedro Thadeu Galvão Vianna / Banca: Luis Antonio Vane / Banca: José Luiz Gomes do Amaral / Banca: Luís Vicente Garcia / Resumo: A glibenclamida, sulfoniluréia muito utilizada clinicamente no controle do diabetes mellitus, possui propriedade bloqueadora dos canais de potássio dependentes de adenosina trifosfatona (k+ ATP), opondo-se à possível propriedade pré-condicionante do sevoflurano. Hipovolemia conseqüente à hemorragia suscita reações compensadoras de proteção orgânica. Entretanto, mecanismos protetores como a ativação do sistema renina-angiotensina ensejam agressão renal por vasoconstrição com interferência na função depuradora. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da glibenclamida na função e histologia renais de ratos sob anestesia com sevoflurano em cenário de choque hemorrágico. Neste intuito, estudou-se uma amostra de 20 ratos Wistar. O delineamento consistiu em estudar os animais quanto à pressão arterial, à temperatura retal e ao hematócrito e quantificar atributos da função renal, tais como: ritmo de filtração glomerular (RGF), estudar os animais quanto ao peso, pressão arterial média, temperatura retal e hematócrito e fluxo plasmático renal efetivo (FPR efetivo), fluxo sangüíneo renal e resistência vascular renal (RVR), além de se analisarem as alterações histológicas após a imposição da condição experimental. A amostra foi aleatoriamente dividida em 2 grupos de 10 animais cada (G1 e G2), entretanto apenas um destes (G2) foi submetido a tratamento com glibenclamida venosa (1 mcg.g-1), 60 min antes do início de sangria. Os animais de ambos os grupos foram anestesiados com sevoflurano a 4% sob campânula apropriada e mantidos em respiração espontânea com ar enriquecido com oxigênio, além de sofrerem sangria de 30% da volemia (esta calculada como 6% do peso corporal)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea widely used clinically for controlling diabetes mellitus, blocks adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium (K+ ATP) channels, thus opposing the possible preconditioning property of sevoflurane. Hypovolemia from hemorrhage evokes protective compensatory reactions. However, protective mechanisms such as activation of the renin-angiotensin system result in renal impairment by vasoconstriction interfering in the clearance function. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of glibenclamide on renal function and histology in rats in a state of hemorrhagic shock under sevoflurane anesthesia. A sample of 20 Wistar rats was studied for that purpose. The design consisted in studying mean arterial pressure, rectal temperature and hematocrit and quantifying glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR), and analyzing histological alterations after the experimental conditions were attained. The sample was randomized into 2 groups of 10 animals each (G1 and G2), only one of which (G2) was treated with intravenous glibenclamide (1 mcg.g-1), 60 min before bleeding was begun. Both groups were anesthetized with sevoflurane at 4% under an appropriate bell jar and kept on spontaneous respiration with oxygen-enriched air, while being bled of 30% of volemia (calculated as 6% of body weight) in 3 stages with 10-min intervals. Evaluation of renal function used estimated renal clearances of paraaminohippurate (ERPF) and sodium iothalamate (GFR), while renal histology was evaluated by investigating the degree of vascular and tubular dilatation, vascular congestion, tubular vacuolization, necrosis and signs of tubular regeneration... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Vane / Banca: Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo / Banca: José Mariano Soares de Moraes / Resumo: O propofol é um dos fármacos mais utilizados na prática clínica do anestesiologista. O principio ativo do propofol é insolúvel em água, portanto, para permitir sua difusão nos compartimentos biológicos sem o comprometimento das propriedades anestésicas, utilizou-se, inicialmente, como veículo, óleo vegetal. Nesta emulsão o propofol fica dissolvido na fase-óleo sob a forma de pequenas partículas formando uma dispersão coloidal. As complicações resultantes são: dor a injeção, acidose metabólica, hipertrigliceridemia, e possível rabdomiólise com insuficiência renal. Uma nova formulação do propofol com finalidade de proporcionar maior conforto ao paciente, na busca de superar ou minimizar estes efeitos indesejáveis, principalmente o da dor à injeção, foi proposta, baseada em microemulsões, em substituição à emulsão lipídica. Comparar a incidência de inflamação após a infusão de propofol em dose única e em infusão contínua com o diluente emulsão lipídica (EL) ou com diluente em microemulsão (ME). Estudar o efeito do propofol com ambos os diluentes sobre os bioquímicos, a pressão arterial média (PAM), a pressão venosa central (PVC), o Sódio e o Potássio plasmáticos. Os animais foram divididos em sete grupos de 6 animais, sendo: Grupo SHA - 6 coelhos que receberam apenas o tratamento cirúrgico; Grupo Controle-Infusão em bolus (CRB) - 6 coelhos que receberam solução fisiológica 3mL EV; Grupo Controle-Infusão Contínua (CRI) - 6 coelhos que receberam 3 mL de solução fisiológica, seguida da infusão contínua no volume de 0,05 mL/kg/min, por 60 minutos EV; Grupo Propofol EL em bolus (PEB) - 6 coelhos que receberam propofol em emulsão lipídica (3 mg/kg) em bolus EV; Grupo Propofol ME em bolus (PMB) - 6 coelhos que receberam propofol em microemulsão (3 mg/kg) em bolus EV; Grupo Propofol EL contínuo (PEC) - 6 coelhos que receberam propofol em ... / Abstract: Propofol is currently the agent of choice for both induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. This study compared the incidence of endothelial injury after single-dose or continuous propofol infusion in conventional lipid-based emulsion (EL) versus microemulsion (ME), and also assessed the inflammatory effects caused by both propofol formulations. Forty-two rabbits (2.5-4.5 Kg) were randomly allocated into 7 groups of 6 animals each and treated as follows: SHAM- surgical treatment alone; Bolus Control Group -3 mL-intravenous (IV) bolus of saline; Continous Infusion Control Group-3 mL- IV bolus of saline followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2 ml/kg/min for 60 min; Bolus LE Propofol Group -IV bolus of LE propofol (3 mg/kg); Bolus ME Propofol Group-IV ME propofol bolus (3 mg/kg); Continuous LE Propofol Group- IV LE propofol bolus (3 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2 ml/kg/min for 60 min; Continuous ME Propofol Group- IV ME propofol bolus (3 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2 ml/kg/min for 60 min. Hemodynamic and blood parameters were recorded at 4 time points. The groups investigated were found to be homogeneous with regard to the parameters assessed, except for IL-6 plasma concentration, which differed among them when propofol microemulsion was used. Under the experimental conditions of this study, no statistically significant difference was observed among groups when saline, lipid emulsion or microemulsion solvents were used. However, the group receiving propofol in microemulsion tended to show a greater number of damaged cells. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 abimussi_cjx_me_botfm.pdf: 453600 bytes, checksum: 2cd050393dde44b66c428187444801ba (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foi realizado um estudo clínico para avaliar a aplicabilidade da anestesia por tumescência com ropivacaína, um anestésico local com maior seletividade às fibras sensitivas, comparando-a com a lidocaína, e padronizar as soluções anestésicas por meio da dosagem sérica dos anestésicos locais, relacionando as concentrações ao período de recuperação e à analgesia pós-operatória. Para isso foram utilizadas 24 cadelas com idade média de 12 anos e peso médio de 10+6,3 kg que integram os três grupos experimentais, grupo GL (anestesia por tumescência com solução de lidocaína 0,32%), grupo GR1 (anestesia por tumescência com solução de ropivacaína a 0,1%) e grupo GR05 (anestesia por tumescência com solução de ropivacaína 0,05%). Os animais receberam como medicação pré-anestésica acepromazina (0,04 mg/kg) associado a morfina (0,4 mg/kg) pela via intramuscular e após 15 minutos, pela via intravenosa, realizou-se a indução com propofol (2,5 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,2 mg/kg). Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito ventral e a manutenção anestésica foi realizada com isofluorano. Todos os grupos receberam um volume de solução de tumescência de 15 mL/kg. Em cada animal, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação de parâmetros hemogasométricos, dosagem de cortisol e determinação da concentração sérica do anestésico local utilizado. A analgesia pósoperatória foi avaliada por meio de escala de contagem variada e escala intervalar e o retorno da sensibilidade cutânea por meio da resposta ao estimulo por filamentos de Von Frey. O tempo médio de duração (em minutos) dos procedimentos cirúrgicos foi de 74+18 e 86+19 para os grupos GL e GR1 respectivamente e no grupo GR 05 a duração foi de 87 minutos. O tempo médio de retorno da sensibilidade cutânea para os grupos GL, GR1 e GR05 foram respectivamente... / Clinical study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of tumescence anesthesia with ropivacaine, a local anesthetic with greater selectivity for sensory fibers and compared it with lidocaine, and standardize the anesthetic solution through the dosage of local anesthetics, relating the concentrations the period of recovery and postoperative analgesia. For this 24 female dogs with an average age of 12 years and average weight of 10kg+6.3 that integrate the three experimental groups, group GL (tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine solution 0.32%), group GR1 (anesthesia tumescence with a solution of ropivacaine 0.1%) and group GR05 (tumescent anesthesia with ropivacaine 0.05% solution). The animals received premedication as acepromazine (0.04 mg.kg-1) associated with morphine (0.4 mg.kg-1) by intramuscular injection and after 15 minutes, intravenously, there was induction with propofol (2.5 mg.kg-1) and midazolam (0.2 mg.kg-1). The animals were positioned prone and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. All groups received a volume of tumescent solution of 15 mL.kg-1. In each animal, blood samples were collected to assess blood gasometric parameters, serum cortisol and serum determination of the local anesthetic. The postoperative analgesia was assessed by counting and varied range of interval scale and the return of skin sensitivity by means of the response to stimulation by von Frey filaments. The mean duration (in minutes) of surgical procedures was 74+18 and 86+19 for the groups GL and GR1 respectively, and the group GR05 to 87 minutes. The average return of skin sensitivity to the groups GL, GR1 and GR05 were respectively 6,7±2,29 / 6,7+2,12 e 6,9+1,89.The minimum and maximum serum concentration, in mg.mL-1, of local anesthetics were 0.04 and 3.42 (GL) / 0.01 and 0.8 (GR1) and 0.01 and 0.75 (GR05 ). The average time of rescue analgesic for all groups was seven... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão / Banca: André Escobar / Banca: Paulo Sergio Patto dos Santos / Resumo: A aplicação de fármacos anestésicos ou analgésicos por via espinhal tem sido empregado como adjuvante da anestesia geral inalatória com o intuito de ampliar analgesia visceral e/ou somática, intra e pós-operatória. Os antagonistas dos receptores N-metil-D-aspartato têm sido utilizados, na atualidade, para a prevenção da dor induzida por procedimentos cirúrgicos, porém não se sabe se a instituição dessa medida terapêutica, mormente por via subaracnóidea, pode ser deletéria para a homeostase de equinos mantidos sob anestesia com sevofluorano. Dez equinos hígidos (317±27Kg), sem raça definida, foram alocados em três grupos e submetidos a indução anestésica com 60 mg/Kg/IV de éter gliceril guaiacol; 0,1 mg/Kg de midazolam e 3mg/Kg de propofol. Os animais foram submetidos à anestesia inalatória com sevofluorano, cuja concentração expirada final foi mantida em 2,8%. Após a estabilização nesta concentração foi aplicado pela via subaracnóide, através de um cateter previamente implantado, um dos três tratamentos, NaCl 0,9% (grupo S), cetamina 0,5mg/Kg (grupo KS) ou cetamina 0,5 mg/Kg associado ao ifenprodil 0,015 mg/Kg (grupo Ki). Os momentos avaliados após aplicação foram, MB (avaliação basal), Mind (oito minutos após indução), M1.2 (concentração alveolar de 2,8%), Mtrat (2,5 minutos após o tratamento) e nos momentos M5 até M60 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 e 60 minutos após o tratamento). Foram avaliados os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos, assim como escores de indução e recuperação anestésica. Os dados obtidos de cada grupo, bem como entre os grupos, foram submetidos à análise de variância com repetições múltiplas, seguida do teste de Student-Newman-Keuls. Para os escores de indução e recuperação utilizou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Para todas as análises, considerou-se o nível de significância de 5% (p˂0,05) ... / Abstract: The application of anesthetic or analgesic drugs through the spinal via has been employed as an adjunct to inhalational anesthesia with the aim of increasing visceral and/or somatic, intra-and postsurgical analgesia. The antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors have been currently used for the prevention of pain induced by surgical procedures, but it is unknown whether the use of such therapeutics, especially through subarachnoid space may be deleterious to the homeostasis of horses kept under anesthesia with sevoflurane. Ten healthy horses (317 ± 27 kg) with no defined breed, were allotted into three groups and subjected to anesthesia induction with 60 mg/kg/IV of guaiacol glyceryl ether, 0.1 mg/kg of midazolam and 3mg/Kg of propofol. Animals were subjected to inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane, whose final expiratory concentration was maintained at 2.8%. After reaching this concentration it was applied by subarachnoid via through a previously implanted catheter one of the following treatments: 0.9% NaCl (S group), 0.5 mg ketamine/kg (KS group) or 0.5 mg ketamine/kg associated with ifenprodil 0.015 mg/ kg (Ki group). The moments of evaluation after application were: MB (baseline evaluation), Mind (eight minutes after induction), M1.2 (alveolar concentration of 2.8%), Mtrat (2.5 min after treatment) and at moments M5 to M60 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after treatment ). Cardiorespiratory and blood gas parameters, as well as anesthetic induction and recovery scores were evaluated. Data obtained from each group and between groups were subjected to variance analysis with multiple repetitions, followed by Newman-Keuls Student test. For induction and recovery scores analyzes the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. For all analyzes a p˂0.05 was considered as statistically significant. As for anesthetic induction 17% ( n = 3) of all animals received a score of 3 (acceptable) and ... / Mestre

Orientador: Valéria Nobre Leal de Souza Oliva / Banca: Antonio José de Araújo Aguiar / Banca: Fábio Futema / Resumo: Foi realizado um estudo clínico para avaliar a aplicabilidade da anestesia por tumescência com ropivacaína, um anestésico local com maior seletividade às fibras sensitivas, comparando-a com a lidocaína, e padronizar as soluções anestésicas por meio da dosagem sérica dos anestésicos locais, relacionando as concentrações ao período de recuperação e à analgesia pós-operatória. Para isso foram utilizadas 24 cadelas com idade média de 12 anos e peso médio de 10+6,3 kg que integram os três grupos experimentais, grupo GL (anestesia por tumescência com solução de lidocaína 0,32%), grupo GR1 (anestesia por tumescência com solução de ropivacaína a 0,1%) e grupo GR05 (anestesia por tumescência com solução de ropivacaína 0,05%). Os animais receberam como medicação pré-anestésica acepromazina (0,04 mg/kg) associado a morfina (0,4 mg/kg) pela via intramuscular e após 15 minutos, pela via intravenosa, realizou-se a indução com propofol (2,5 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,2 mg/kg). Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito ventral e a manutenção anestésica foi realizada com isofluorano. Todos os grupos receberam um volume de solução de tumescência de 15 mL/kg. Em cada animal, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para avaliação de parâmetros hemogasométricos, dosagem de cortisol e determinação da concentração sérica do anestésico local utilizado. A analgesia pósoperatória foi avaliada por meio de escala de contagem variada e escala intervalar e o retorno da sensibilidade cutânea por meio da resposta ao estimulo por filamentos de Von Frey. O tempo médio de duração (em minutos) dos procedimentos cirúrgicos foi de 74+18 e 86+19 para os grupos GL e GR1 respectivamente e no grupo GR 05 a duração foi de 87 minutos. O tempo médio de retorno da sensibilidade cutânea para os grupos GL, GR1 e GR05 foram respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Clinical study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of tumescence anesthesia with ropivacaine, a local anesthetic with greater selectivity for sensory fibers and compared it with lidocaine, and standardize the anesthetic solution through the dosage of local anesthetics, relating the concentrations the period of recovery and postoperative analgesia. For this 24 female dogs with an average age of 12 years and average weight of 10kg+6.3 that integrate the three experimental groups, group GL (tumescent anesthesia with lidocaine solution 0.32%), group GR1 (anesthesia tumescence with a solution of ropivacaine 0.1%) and group GR05 (tumescent anesthesia with ropivacaine 0.05% solution). The animals received premedication as acepromazine (0.04 mg.kg-1) associated with morphine (0.4 mg.kg-1) by intramuscular injection and after 15 minutes, intravenously, there was induction with propofol (2.5 mg.kg-1) and midazolam (0.2 mg.kg-1). The animals were positioned prone and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. All groups received a volume of tumescent solution of 15 mL.kg-1. In each animal, blood samples were collected to assess blood gasometric parameters, serum cortisol and serum determination of the local anesthetic. The postoperative analgesia was assessed by counting and varied range of interval scale and the return of skin sensitivity by means of the response to stimulation by von Frey filaments. The mean duration (in minutes) of surgical procedures was 74+18 and 86+19 for the groups GL and GR1 respectively, and the group GR05 to 87 minutes. The average return of skin sensitivity to the groups GL, GR1 and GR05 were respectively 6,7±2,29 / 6,7+2,12 e 6,9+1,89.The minimum and maximum serum concentration, in mg.mL-1, of local anesthetics were 0.04 and 3.42 (GL) / 0.01 and 0.8 (GR1) and 0.01 and 0.75 (GR05 ). The average time of rescue analgesic for all groups was seven... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Anaesthesiology Johannesburg, 2019 / Background Anaesthesia frequently involves administration of refrigerated intravenous drugs to patients. Often overlooked, maintenance of the cold chain forms a key component of pharmacovigilance for anaesthetists. However the South African national Department of Health guidelines on: “Cold Chain and Immunisation Operations Manual”, does not detail specific requirements for medically validated cold boxes. Consequently the risk of iatrogenic harm to patients from heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals in inappropriately temperature regulated cold boxes exists. Methods The research design was that of a descriptive, prospective and contextual study. Part I study population comprised the ambient air temperatures of the refrigerator and cold boxes used for storage of heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals in theatre at CHBAH taken at one minute intervals over eight hours. Part II study population was newly purchased cold boxes and cold packs for the purpose of assessing individual cold box thermal performance over eight hours. Results In Part I, only a single cold box (polystyrene box number 19) was able to maintain the recommended temperature range of 2 − 8°C for the eight hour period (4.35%). The refrigerator temperature time plot showed a significant deviation of temperature at approximately 30 minutes. In Part II, only fabric and polystyrene cold boxes with three cold packs in situ were able to maintain the recommended temperature of 2 − 8°C. Conclusion This study highlighted the failure of non-medically validated cold boxes to reliably maintain the temperature of heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals. / E.K. 2019

The recent study by Carter et al1 concluded that “The results from this study support the value and importance of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) visitation for family members.” However, this conclusion is not supported by their study because of shortcomings in the control group and the weakness of the effect sizes, as explained below.

The testing of any physiological diagnostic system in-vivo depends critically on the stability of the anesthetized animal used. That is, if the systemic physiological parameters are not tightly controlled, it is exceedingly difficult to assess the precision and accuracy of the system or interpret the consequence of disease. In order to ensure that all measurements taken using the experimental system are not affected by fluctuations in physiological state, the animal must be maintained in a tightly controlled physiologic range. The main goal of this project was to develop a robust monitoring and control system capable of maintaining the physiological parameters of the anesthetized animal in a predetermined range, using the instrumentation already present in the laboratory, and based on the LabVIEWR software interface. A single user interface was developed that allowed for monitoring and control of key physiological parameters including body temperature (BT), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and end tidal CO2 (ETCO2). Embedded within this interface was a fuzzy logic based control system designed to mimic the decision making of an anesthetist. The system was tested by manipulating the blood pressure of a group of anesthetized animal subjects using bolus injections of epinephrine and continuous infusions of phenylephrine (a vasoconstrictor) and sodium nitroprusside (a vasodilator). This testing showed that the system was able to significantly reduce the deviation from the set pressure (as measured by the root mean square value) while under control in the hypotension condition (p < 0.10). Though both the short-term and hypertension testing showed no significant improvement, the control system did successfully manipulate the anesthetic percentage in response to changes in MAP. Though currently limited by the control variables being used, this system is an important first step towards a fully automated monitoring and control system and can be used as the basis for further research.

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) increases the risk of 30-day mortality. Intraoperative hemodynamic events (i.e., tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension, and hypertension) may contribute to developing MINS.</p> <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine if the addition of the duration spent within predefined intraoperative systolic blood pressure (BP; mmHg) (i.e.,160-199 and ≥200) and heart rate (HR; bpm) (i.e.,100-140 and >140) hemodynamic bands improved the prediction of Day 1 MINS (i.e., postoperative troponin T elevation ≥0.03 ng/ml within the first day after surgery) beyond preoperative risk model prediction.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong> Prospective observational data was used to developed a baseline risk model to predict Day 1 MINS. Preoperative HR, systolic BP, and hemoglobin as well as intraoperative duration spent within each predefined hemodynamic band were explored to identify optimal thresholds for the prediction of Day-1 MINS. Preoperative variables were added to the baseline risk model to create a preoperative model. Intraoperative variables were then added to the preoperative risk model to create the final model. Models were compared using discrimination (c-statistic) and net reclassification index (NRI).</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Adding preoperative hemoglobin ≤105 g/dL, systolic BP110 improved baseline model discrimination (0.783 to 0.792, p5min; HR >100 for >147min; systolic BP59min and systolic BP >160 for >42min further improved discrimination (0.8; p</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Adding intraoperative hemodynamic durations significantly improved Day-1 MINS model discrimination and risk stratification compared to the baseline risk model.</p> / Master of Health Sciences (MSc)