L’aphasie est un trouble acquis du langage pouvant survenir à la suite d’une lésion cérébrale, par exemple lors d’un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC), ou en contexte de maladie neurodégénérative, comme c’est le cas dans l’aphasie primaire progressive (APP). Parmi les manifestations de l’aphasie, la plus fréquente est l’anomie, soit la difficulté à retrouver les mots précis au moment voulu. Bien que l’efficacité de l’intervention orthophonique soit clairement démontrée en aphasie post-AVC et en APP, les services à long terme sont actuellement limités, en raison de contraintes humaines et financières. Dans ce contexte, les technologies semblent une avenue prometteuse pour permettre aux personnes aphasiques de maximiser leur potentiel de rééducation, particulièrement si le vocabulaire travaillé est choisi en fonction des besoins du participant. Cependant, des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires afin de confirmer l’efficacité de cette nouvelle approche thérapeutique. OBJECTIFS: L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’évaluer l’efficacité des technologies pour la prise en charge de l’anomie acquise. Plus spécifiquement, l’étude 1 vise à réaliser une synthèse des écrits actuels sur l’efficacité de l’ordinateur et de la tablette électronique pour la rééducation de l’anomie post- AVC. Les études 2 et 3 visent à mesurer l’efficacité d’une thérapie autoadministrée via tablette électronique pour la rééducation de mots fonctionnels en aphasie post-AVC et en APP. MÉTHODE: Dans le cadre de l’étude 1, une recension systématique des écrits a été réalisée. Pour les études 2 et 3, une série de cas uniques a été menée auprès de quatre participants avec aphasie post-AVC et cinq participants avec APP. Les cibles du traitement ont été choisies avec chaque participant, en fonction de ses activités quotidiennes et de ses intérêts. Le traitement a été auto-administré via tablette électronique, à raison de quatre fois par semaine pendant quatre semaines. RÉSULTATS: La recension systématique des écrits réalisée dans le cadre de l’étude 1 a permis de démontrer l’efficacité de l’ordinateur et de la tablette électronique pour l’amélioration de la dénomination de mots en contexte d’anomie post-AVC. Dans les études 2 et 3, le traitement auto-administré via tablette électronique a permis une amélioration significative de la production des mots fonctionnels entrainés chez tous les participants. CONCLUSION: Les résultats issus de la présente thèse apportent un appui supplémentaire aux écrits actuels et confirment le potentiel des technologies pour le traitement de l’anomie en contexte d’aphasie. / Aphasia is an acquired language disorder consecutive to brain damage, for example stroke, or appearing in the context of a neurodegenerative disease, such as primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Among the various manifestations of aphasia, anomia is the most common and is described as the difficulty to retrieve specific words at the right time. Even if the effectiveness of speech-language therapy (SLT) is well demonstrated for post-stroke aphasia and PPA, long-term services are currently limited due to financial and human constraints. Therefore, technologies seem a promising avenue to allow people with aphasia to maximize their rehabilitation success, especially when treated words are chosen by the participant, based on his interests and activities of daily living. However, more studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this new therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVES: The general aim of this thesis is to investigate the efficacy of technologies for the management of acquired anomia. More specifically, study 1 aims to do a synthesis of the current literature on the efficacy of computers and smart tablets to improve post-stroke anomia. Studies 2 and 3 aim to measure the efficacy of a treatment self-administered using a smart tablet to improve naming of functional words in post-stroke aphasia and PPA. METHODS: For study 1, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. For studies 2 and 3, case series were conducted with four post-stroke participants and five participants with PPA. Treatment targets were chosen with each participant, based on his activities of daily living and interests. The treatment was selfadministered using a smart tablet, four times a week for four weeks. RESULTS: The systematic review carried out as part of study 1 demonstrated the efficacy of computers and smart tablets for the improvement of naming in poststroke anomia. In studies 2 and 3, the self-administered treatment using a smart tablet led to a significant improvement for the production of functional words in all participants. CONCLUSION: Results from this thesis add to those of the existing literature to confirm the potential of technologies in the treatment of acquired anomia.

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The change from Fordist to Post-Fordist production and employment systems typically correlates with a more outcome-oriented management of individual and collective performance. This article aims to develop a critical perspective on the implementation of these performance management systems. In particular, the significance and the change of performance norms and standards will be analyzed and acknowledged. Our central premise is that the more the norms and standards of job performance are downgraded and replaced by a demand for specific performance outcome, the more anomic tendencies in organizations will increase. Anomie, as growing weakness of workplace norms and standards, is among some of the unintenional and paradoxical of the new performance management. It bears the danger to undermine some necessary organizational requirements of job performance and over the long run, results in a normative destabilization of organizations.

The change from Fordist to Post-Fordist production and employment systems typically correlates with a more outcome-oriented management of individual and collective performance. This article aims to develop a critical perspective on the implementation of these performance management systems. In particular, the significance and the change of performance norms and standards will be analyzed and acknowledged. Our central premise is that the more the norms and standards of job performance are downgraded and replaced by a demand for specific performance outcome, the more anomic tendencies in organizations will increase. Anomie, as growing weakness of workplace norms and standards, is among some of the unintenional and paradoxical of the new performance management. It bears the danger to undermine some necessary organizational requirements of job performance and over the long run, results in a normative destabilization of organizations.

The financial misconduct and corruption at the very top of the class system that in 2008 caused the collapse of the world economy saw no reaction from the criminal justice system. In contrast, the 2011 English Riots at the bottom rungs of society, estimated to have caused 200 million pounds of damages, produced a ruthless response from the judiciary where sentences were almost treble the usual rate. Politicians were quick to condemn the rioters as mere wanton criminals and framing their actions within a behavioural explanation calling for severe punishments. My thesis’s aim is to show that it was instead decades of neoliberal policies that pushed these people to vent their frustration through rioting. Their ensuing anomic ethic is understood by considering the rioters’ actions through the prism of both Strain Theory and Institutional Anomie Theory. To contextualise their place within today’s capitalist society I categorized them within an emerging social class: The Precariat. Through a qualitative analysis of 17 interviews’ extracts, all that transpired was their desires to be active consumers by grabbing what they could; the riots were merely an excuse to bypass the structurally imposed limits that stood before the desired higher social status. This research speaks of an increasingly unequal society, which positions individual economic success above collective well-being. These disturbances are symptoms of a deep seated malaise and of a stripped-down manifestation of what neoliberalism really is. To reverse it, we ought to implement holistic socioeconomic policies that empower people through the creation of secure and well-paid jobs, encourage collectivism over individualism and that promote better education towards sustainable living and happiness.

On August 2, 2004, Citigroup traders based in the UK sold short more than $13 billion worth of government bonds only to buy them back seconds later at a profit of about $18.2 million dollars. This strategy was carefully planned, the consequences acknowledged by key participants, and it was profitable to the serious detriment of other market participants. The event is ethically questionable because it violates the spirit of European regulation. The purpose of this study is to investigate disclosures made by and about Citigroup surrounding a regulatory investigation into this short-sale within the contexts of legitimacy and institutional anomie theories.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Adolescence is a critical biological and social transitional period, resulting in a variety of new emotions in teenagers. Feelings of normlessness, purposelessness and meaninglessness are among these emotions. These feelings of normlessness, purposelessness, and meaninglessness are often referred to as „anomie‟ by criminologists and sociologists. This study attempts to utilize Durkheim‟s theoretical model and framework of anomie to explain adolescents‟ aggression. Data from the “National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, 1998-1999, Self Reporting Cycle 3” with a sub-sample of 5500 of adolescents [ages ranged from10-15years] are used to explore if the anomic condition in adolescence is linked to increased aggression. Results from the multivariate analysis support the hypothesis that indeed the anomic condition during adolescence is positively related to their levels of aggression. / UOIT

The developing discipline of Food Crime requires the analysis of food safety responsibility from a critical structural perspective. Analyzing the Canadian dairy industry, this project seeks to answer how the legal definition of food safety impacts the production practices of farmers, and where farmers place the burden of food safety responsibility, while partially testing institutional anomie theory. A legal discourse analysis of food safety law in Canada is performed to contextualize individual interviews with six active family-farmers in rural southern Ontario in order to determine how dairy farmers experience food safety legislation. As hypothesized, farmers experience food safety law through forms of disempowerment and alienation involving dairy production products, leading to a partial displacement of responsibility for safe food. The ideas of institutional anomie theory were insignificant or inconclusive for these case studies. More research is required to determine potential policy implications concerning the safety of Canadian food.

Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2006/2007