Orientador: Michael John Brennan / Resumo: A independência funcional para indivíduos com deficiência motora é indispensável para a qualidade de vida, principalmente quando se considera tarefas como o autocuidado (incluindo a higiene pessoal), as transferências e locomoção. Essa pesquisa apresenta um triciclo inovador para pessoas com paraplegia ou alguma deficiência motora dos membros inferiores, desenvolvido com duas forma de acionamento: cíclico manual (handbike) e elétrico. A estrutura tubular foi elaborada com liga de alumínio 6063 - T5. A plataforma ANSYS Academic versão 19.2 foi empregada para uma análise estrutural do chassi do equipamento. O chassi foi submetido num ensaio de carregamento estático progressivo de até 1200 N aproximadamente. O deslocamento onde apoia os pés do usuário foi medido por um relógio comparador de precisão de 0,01 mm. O deslocamento da plataforma inferior de apoio dos pés apresentou uma divergência de aproximadamente 4% se comparado com os dados obtidos pela plataforma ANSYS. Assim, validando a análise teórica pela plataforma ANSYS e confirmando que a estrutura fabricada por dobramento e solda TIG suporta com segurança um usuário de até 100 kg. Parâmetros relacionados ao sistema elétrico de acionamento do motor brushless de 1000 W foram obtidos por meio de sensores de corrente e voltagem, assim como parâmetros de desempenho mecânico foram obtidos empregando uma célula de carga de fundo de escala de 2kN para análise de força de tração e um sensor de velocidade. Os resultados indicam uma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Functional independence for individuals with motor disabilities is essential for quality of life, especially when considering tasks such as self-care (including personal hygiene), transfers and locomotion. This research presents an innovative tricycle for people with motor deficiency of the lower limbs, developed with two forms of drive: manual cyclic (handbike) and electric. The tubular structure was made with 6063 - T5 aluminum alloy. The ANSYS Academic version 19.2 platform was used for a structural analysis of the equipment chassis. A static loading test of up to 1200 N was performed on the chassis. The deformation of support the user's feet was measured by a dial gauge with a 0,01 mm precision. The deformation of the lower footrest platform showed a divergence of approximately 4% when compared to the data obtained by the ANSYS platform. Thus, validating the theoretical analysis by the ANSYS platform and confirming that the structure manufactured by TIG welding safely supports a user of up to 100 kg. Parameters related to the electric drive system of the 1000 W brushless motor were obtained by means of current and voltage sensors, as well as mechanical performance parameters were obtained employing a load cell of 2kN for force analysis and a speed sensor. The results indicate an energy efficiency of the equipment of up to 92%. The maximum strength of the equipment is 500 N, which makes it possible to perform a climb with slope of 20º, approximately considering a user of 8... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Steel hollow section members filled with concrete have been frequently used in recent construction industry as columns and beams and beam-columns because of their superior performance and constructability. Previous research demonstrated that such system has large energy absorption capacity which is critical in the event of an earthquake. By filling steel RHS with concrete, the failure of the steel shell due to local buckling can be delayed and the ductility of the concrete core can be improved as a result of the confinement of the steel shell. This type of composite section may be used in various structures including frames of high rise buildings, bridges, offshore structures, cast-in-situ piles in foundation etc. Design methods for concrete-filled steel tubular sections are recommended in a number of code of practices. Due to the significant differences in the material properties between normal strength concrete and high strength concrete, there is a need to study the behaviour of composite sections with higher strength concretes. The study emphasises ultimate strength, ductility, post-failure strength reserve and interface bond. It also emphasises ductility and post-failure strength of the composite beams due to the brittle behaviour of higher strength concretes when compared to normal strength concrete. Spreadsheet graph were used to present the results such as load versus strains, load versus deflections etc. In this thesis analytical study is presented on the calculation of ultimate moment of resistance of the concrete-filled RHS beams. Among the main considerations of the derivation, the steel portion was assumed either elastic-perfectly plastic or perfectly plastic and concrete carries no strength in the tensile zone. At the interface both full bond and partial bond were assumed for comparison. Efforts were also made to calculate the midspan deflections of the composite beams. Simple analytical expressions derived from this study can be coded to a prgrammable calculator or in a small spreadsheet program for design use. Finite element studies were carried out by using a proprietorship software package ANSYS. In the analysis of concrete-filled, three types of elements with large deformation and nonlinear capabilities were used. A plastic shell element, a solid concrete element with cracking and crushing capabilities, and a nonlinear spring contact element were used to model the steel shell, the concrete core and the interface respectively. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Der hier vorliegende Vortrag beschreibt erste Untersuchungsergebnisse mit dem CAE-Programm "Creo Simulate" im Vergleich zum Programm "Ansys Workbench" zur Berechnung der Spannungsformzahlen sowie der örtlichen Kerbspannungen an gekerbten Konstruktionselementen. Der Vortrag beginnt mit einer Einleitung zur Geschichte der Kerbwirkungsforschung. Es werden Schadensfälle dargestellt und anschließend die Grundlagen zur Berechnung der Form- und Kerbwirkungszahlen kurz beschrieben. Es wird fortgesetzt mit der Durchführung von Konvergenz-Untersuchungen an Vollwellen mit SR-Nuten nach DIN 471 sowie an Vollwellen mit Absatz nach DIN 743 bei Zug- und Torsionsbelastung. Die Konvergenz-Berechnungsergebnisse wurden zusammengestellt und kurz kommentiert. Weiterhin wurden FE-Berechnungen zur Bestimmung der Spannungsformzahlen an Hohlwellen mit Absatz sowie an Vollwellen mit einer Kerbüberlagerung "Absatz und Querbohrung" bei Zug-, Biege, und Torsionsbelastung durchgeführt. Es wurden entsprechende Formzahldiagramme und Formzahlwerte sowie Spannungsverteilungsbilder je nach Belastungsart und Vergleichsspannungshypothese (GEH bzw. NSH) angegeben. Eine Möglichkeit zur Herabsetzung der Kerbwirkung an der kritischen Kerbstelle besteht in der absichtlichen Anwendung von Zusatzkerben, welche der Hauptkerbe benachbart sind. Derartige Entlastungskerben können zwar eine bedeutende Spannungsverminderung an der gefährdeten Stelle ergeben, an den Entlastungskerben entstehen jedoch neue Spannungsspitzen, die sich u. U. ungünstig auswirken. Zur Milderung von Kerbwirkungen durch konstruktive Entlastungskerben wurden exemplarische FEM-Untersuchungen an Vollwellen mit Absatz und an Kerbzahnwellen nach DIN 5481 bei Zug-, Biege- und Torsionsbelastung ausgeführt. Die Einflüsse der rechteckigen Form der Entlastungsnut auf die Formzahlen je Belastungsart wurden präsentiert und kurz diskutiert. Ebenfalls wurden auch die Kerbwirkungen an Evolventen-Zahnwellenverbindungen nach DIN 5480 mit freiem Auslauf und mit gebundenem Auslauf sowie mit Sicherungsringnuten nach DIN 471 untersucht, mit dem Ziel, den Ort der Spannungsmaxima und deren Verteilung, die Höhe der Kerbspannungen und den Einfluss der Sicherungsringnut auf die Spannungsüberhöhungen in den kritischen Bereichen zu erfassen. Es wurden zusätzlich weitere FE-Untersuchungen zu den Spannungsüberhöhungen an komplexen Gussbauteilen am Beispiel eines Planetenträgers für Planetengetriebe im Einatzbereich der Windkraftanlagen realisiert. Die Festlegung der Randbedingungen wurde kurz präsentiert und die sich daraus ergebenden Ergebnisse dargestellt. In diesem Vortrag wurde auch die Entwicklung eines neuen didaktischen Konzepts für die Konstruktionsausbildung zur Verbesserung der Präsentationskompetenz und Teamfähigkeit der Studierenden kurz beschrieben und über erste Erfahrungen aus der Umsetzung in die Lehrveranstaltung "CAD/CAE" berichtet. Die Studierenden erarbeiten in nach der Rundlitzenseilmethode strukturierten Gruppen unter Berücksichtigung der heterogenen Umgebung numerische Lösungen zu Variantenrechnungen von Aufgaben. Die Studierenden präsentieren ihre Ergebnisse in Form von 100-Sekunden-Vorträgen. Bei der Entwicklung dieser Methode lässt man sich durch den Karatesport inspirieren. Es wurden verschiedene Kriterien zur Bewertung der Micro-Präsentationen festgelegt und angewandt. Erste Erfahrungen mit der Umsetzung dieser Methodenkombination sind erfolgversprechend. Eine detaillierte statistisch-psychologische Evaluation dieses didaktischen Konzepts ist Ziel weiterführender Untersuchungen.

In this thesis, a process is developed for designing elastomeric vibration isolators in order to provide vibration isolation for sensitive equipment being used in ROKETSAN A.S.&rsquo / s products. For this purpose, first of all, similar isolators are examined in the market. After that, appropriate elastomeric materials are selected and their temperature and frequency dependent dynamic properties are experimentally obtained. Parametric finite element model of the isolator is then constituted in ANSYS APDL using the properties of elastomeric materials and the conceptual design of the isolator. Then, according to design requirements, final design parameters of the vibration isolator are determined at the end of design iterations. In the next step, vibration isolator that was designed is manufactured using the elastomeric material chosen, by a local rubber company. Finally, design process is verified by comparing analysis and test results.

Rotordynamics is an important area in mechanical engineering. Many machines contain rotating parts. It is well known that rotating components can develop large amplitude lateral vibrations near certain speeds called critical speeds. This large amplitude vibration is called rotor whirl. This thesis is about rotor whirl. Conventional treatments in rotordynamics use what are called gyroscopic terms and treat the rotor as a one-dimensional structure (Euler-Bernoulli or Timoshenko) with or without rigid masses added to them. Gyroscopic terms are macroscopic inertial terms that arise due to tilting of spinning cross-sections. This approach, while applicable to a large class of industrially important rotors, is not applicable to a general rotor geometry. In this thesis we develop a genuine continuum level three dimensional formulation for rotordynamics that can be used for many arbitrarily shaped rotors. The key insight that guides our formulation is that gyroscopic terms are macroscopic manifestations of the prestress induced due to spin of the rotor. Using this insight, we develop two modal projection techniques for calculating the critical speed of arbitrarily shaped rotors. These techniques along with our prestress based formulation are the primary contributions of the thesis. In addition, we also present two different nonlinear finite element based implementations of our formulation. One is a laborious load-stepping based calculation performed using ANSYS (a commercially available finite element package). The other uses our nonlinear finite element code. The latter two techniques are primarily developed to provide us with an accurate answer for comparison with the results obtained using the modal projection methods. Having developed our formulation and the subsequent modal projection approximations, we proceed to validation. First, we analytically study several examples whose solutions can be easily obtained using routine methods. Second, we consider the problem of a rotating cylinder under axial loads. We use a semi-analytical approach for this problem and offer some insights into the role played by the chosen kinematics for our virtual work calculations. The excellent match with known results obtained using Timoshenko theory validates the accuracy of our formulation. Third, we consider several rotors of arbitrary shape in numerical examples and show that our modal projection methods accurately estimate the critical speeds of these rotors. After validation, we consider efficiency. For axisymmetric rotor geometries, we implement our formulation using harmonic elements. This reduces the dimension of our problem from three to two and considerable savings in time are obtained. Finally, we apply our formulation to describe asynchronous whirl and internal viscous damping phenomena in rotors.

A bascule bridge is a type of movable bridge that can be opened or closed to facilitate the movement of water-borne traffic such as ships and yachts. Trunnion-Hub-Girder (THG) assembly plays a role as a fulcrum in the bascule bridge. To make the fulcrum, the trunnion is shrink-fitted into the hub, and then the trunnion-hub assembly is shrink-fitted into the girder. Hundreds of thousands of dollars could be lost due to failures during this step. Crack formations in the hubs of various Florida bascule bridges during assembly led the Florida Department of Transportation to commission a project with USF professors to investigate.Finite elements method (ANSYS package) is employed to model the THG assembly procedure and solve for the critical crack length and critical stress in this transient thermal structural problem. Design of experiments (DOE) is used with different cooling processes and the geometrical dimensions of the THG assembly to find the sensitivity of these parameters on the outputs.The influence of the hub outer diameter and the radial interference (between the trunnion and hub) is at different levels on the critical crack length and the stress ratio as it is dependent on fulcrum geometry. If we include four staged cooling methods as follow Type 1: liquid nitrogen Type 2: dry-ice/ alcohol bath followed by liquid nitrogen Type 3: refrigerated air chamber followed by liquid nitrogen Type 4: refrigerated air chamber followed by dry-ice/alcohol bath and then by liquid nitrogenthe cooling type factor contributes the most to both critical crack length (up to 79%) and the stress ratio (up to 84%) in the TH assembling procedures in all three considered bascule bridges. The staged cooling procedure type 2, which is, immersing the TH assembly into the dry ice medium, followed by immersing the TH set into the liquid nitrogen, give larger critical crack length (up to 400%) and stress ratio (up to 87%) compared to the case that used only liquid nitrogen.

The technology that has emerged in commercial products requires rigorous analytical tools for effective design of such motors. A finite element analytical model was developed to examine the excitation of flexural plate wave travelling in a rotary piezoelectric ally actuated motor. The model uses annular finite elements that are applied to predict the excitation frequency and modal response of an annular stator. This model is being developed to enable the design of efficient ultrasonic motors and it incorporates the details of the stator which include the teeth, piezo-ceramic, stator geometry, etc.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / Ever-increasing demands for accuracy and range in modern warfare have expedited the optimization of projectile design. The crux of projectile design lies in the understanding of its aerodynamic properties early in the design phase. This research first investigated the aerodynamic properties of a standard M549, 155mm projectile. The transonic speed region was the focus of the research as significant aerodynamic variation occurs within this particular region. Aerodynamic data from wind tunnel and range testing was benchmarked against modern aerodynamic prediction programs like ANSYS CFX and Aero-Prediction 09 (AP09). Next, a comparison was made between two types of angle of attack generation methods in ANSYS CFX. The research then focused on controlled tilting of the projectile’s nose to investigate the resulting aerodynamic effects. ANSYS CFX was found to provide better agreement with the experimental data than AP09.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Aerospace Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Fernando de Azevedo Silva / Banca: Erick Siqueira Guidi / Banca: Rosinei Batista Ribeiro / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver uma ferramenta paramétrica em linguagem de programação de software ANSYS (linguagem APDL) para se calcular a estrutura de um pórtico rolante de vigas centrais e reduzir o tempo gasto em horas de cálculo. Neste trabalho primeiro são apresentados os principais tipos de equipamentos bem como os próprios pórticos rolantes e para estes últimos descreve quais são seus tipos e quais os componentes compõem sua estrutura Descreve sobre a parametrização em linguagem APDL, sobre as principais solicitações atuantes que devem ser levadas em consideração durante o dimensionamento da estrutura, de acordo com as especificações da norma NBR8400. Apresenta como foi desenvolvida a ferramenta, quais são suas interfaces com o operador e qual o esquema de operação da mesma. Ao final relata sobre o ganho na economia de tempo ao se utilizar o programa e analisa os resultados, de tensão e deslocamento, obtidos com a simulação de um modelo gerado / Abstract: This dissertation aims to develop a parametric tool in ANSYS software programming language (APDL language) to calculate the structure of a gantry crane of central beams and reduce the time spent in hours of calculation. This paper first presents the main types of equipment as well as the own gantry cranes, and for this latter describes what are their types and what components make up its structure. Describes about the parameterization in APDL language, about the main solicitations that should be taken into consideration during the dimensioning of the structure, according to the specifications of the standard NBR8400. Present show it was developed the tool, what are their interfaces with the operator and how it works. At the end relates about gaining in saving time when using the program and analyzes the results, of tension and displacement, obtained with the simulation of a generated model / Mestre